Therapists in California

Are you seeking a therapist who prioritizes trust and genuine connection? Someone who not only listens but actively participates in your personal growth journey, sharing in your accomplishments with enthusiasm? Do you desire a professional unafraid to explore the challenging questions that others may avoid? You can count on me. I am here to provide unwavering support and expert guidance as you embark on this courageous path to enhance your mental well-being. My name is Grace Davis. I'm a Licensed Clinical Social worker and I've been working in the field of social work for over 15 years. If you are struggling with chronic pain, depression, anxiety, or PTSD, please know that I am here to support you. I have dedicated my career to helping individuals overcome these challenges and find relief from their suffering. As a former member of the Trauma team at Stanford Hospital, I have extensive experience working with people who have experienced violent accidents or attempted suicide. I believe in your ability to heal and grow, and it would be my privilege to assist you on your journey toward a happier, healthier future. IMPORTANT- If you are a Kaiser member, please complete a mental health intake with Kaiser. Ask for an external referral to Grow Therapy. You can then call Grow Therapy and provide my name.

Hello, I'm Melanie. Do you feel like your life is out of control due to your circumstances, your anxiety, or other factors? We can work together to determine what's not working and how to make life run more smoothly for you so that you feel more at peace. I have 17 years of experience as a therapist in varied settings as well as lots of life experience with loss, mental health issues and parenting. I promise to provide you with a safe space to express yourself as well as plenty of evidence-based techniques. I hope we get the opportunity to work together to help you start to feel more in control of your life and your current situation.

Warm Welcome - I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has been working with California based clients for over 9 years. I have experience working in various treatment settings including community mental health centers, addiction treatment centers, and psychiatric hospitals. I also oversaw a partial hospitalization and intensive outpatient program, specific for college students, within the hospital setting. Outside of therapy, my professional background includes working in university settings both in administration and as an educator. I specialize in working with individuals struggling with issues related to, but not limited to, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, relational issues, addiction, and burnout.

I’m a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who helps people untangle the thoughts, feelings, and patterns that keep them feeling stuck. I work with clients navigating the lasting effects of past experiences, anxiety, relationship challenges, and life transitions, using a mix of practical tools and deeper emotional work. My style is collaborative, compassionate, and grounded in the belief that healing happens best in a safe, supportive, and non-judgmental space. **Please reach out to schedule your first appt, as my availability is different than what is listed in the Grow scheduler, thank you!

Hi, I’m Jessica Castro, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I’m a mother of two and have been married for 15 years, which gives me a deep, personal understanding of the joys and challenges that come with relationships and family life. With over 10 years of experience in the mental health field, I specialize in working with individuals who are seeking clarity, healing, and stronger connections. My clients often share that therapy with me helps them feel heard, empowered, and better equipped to handle life’s stressors. I’m committed to creating a safe, supportive space where meaningful change can happen.

Hi, I’m Charlene, a licensed therapist dedicated to supporting individuals through anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions. I take an integrative, evidence-based approach, combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to help clients develop practical skills, increase self-awareness, and create lasting positive change. I believe that therapy is a collaborative process. I work alongside my clients to understand their unique experiences, identify patterns that may be holding them back, and develop strategies to manage emotions, improve relationships, and navigate life’s challenges with confidence. My approach is compassionate and nonjudgmental, providing a safe space to explore difficult emotions, heal from past experiences, and build the life you want. In our work together, you can expect to gain tools to cope with stress, regulate emotions, and reduce anxiety or depressive symptoms. I also focus on helping clients strengthen self-esteem, set healthy boundaries, and develop skills for resilience in everyday life. Whether you’re facing a major life change, struggling with ongoing emotional challenges, or simply seeking personal growth, my goal is to empower you to feel more in control, resilient, and aligned with your values.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Master’s in Social Work from USC, and I have been supporting individuals through life’s challenges for the past seven years. Throughout my career, I have worked with youth, young adults, and adults navigating anxiety, grief, trauma, and the ongoing impact of stress and emotional overwhelm. My approach is collaborative, compassionate, grounded, and infused with moments of humor when it helps create connection and ease. I draw from evidence based practices including EMDR, CBT, DBT, trauma informed care, and parts oriented work to create a therapeutic experience that feels personal and meaningful. My intention is to help clients understand themselves more deeply, process what has been weighing on them, and build the resilience and confidence needed to move toward a more balanced and fulfilling life. I believe healing is possible, and I am here to walk alongside you as you reconnect with your strength, clarity, and inner capacity for change.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) working with clients within California via telehealth. I work with adolescents and adults while specializing in stress, life transitions, and anxiety. I take a client-centered, collaborative approach to therapy, while tailoring each session to your unique needs and goals. I’m here to provide a safe and supportive environment, where you can thrive and be yourself.

At my core, I am a therapist who believes in the transformative power of depth, empathy, humor, and the arts. I’ve spent my career helping people understand themselves more fully — not only by reducing symptoms, but by uncovering the narratives, emotions, and self-limiting beliefs that have kept them small or stuck. I work from a humanistic and psychoanalytic foundation, integrating mindfulness, ACT, and solution-focused strategies to help clients access resilience, self-compassion, and real change. I bring a warm, grounded, and creative presence into the room. My background as an artist and writer shapes my work: I’m attentive to symbolism, story, imagination, and the deeper layers of a person’s emotional life. Humor is also one of my most natural tools, not to avoid pain, but to help clients feel safe, open, and connected as they explore difficult experiences. Across corporate mental health, trauma work, refugee support, and private practice, I’ve seen how people flourish when they’re permitted to be fully themselves. I help clients build self-esteem through honesty, curiosity, and acceptance; loosen rigid patterns; and move beyond the internalized messages or roles that no longer serve them.

I am Karina Ramirez, a bilingual (Spanish/English) Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist dedicated to supporting individuals through life’s emotional and relational challenges. I offer a welcoming, supportive, and judgment-free space where clients can explore their experiences, build insight, and create meaningful change. My approach is grounded in evidence-based practices, empathy, and collaboration, with the goal of helping clients strengthen relationships, enhance self-understanding, and improve overall well-being

Hello, I am an Asian-American female, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) in California and Nevada with many years of experience working with children, adolescents, adults, and families providing mental health services in a community-based setting, intensive mental health setting, and private practice setting. I am here to provide support for whatever your needs may be and overcome any challenges in your life. I am licensed in California and Nevada. Website: www.healingheartsmentalhealth.com Instagram: Ilovetherapy661

I am a licensed clinical psychologist, a certified life coach, and a pastoral counselor being an ordained minister. Since every human being consists of a spirit, the ultimate healing takes place when there is an integration of spirituality and psychology in the treatment process, and I am devoted to this type of work. I have worked with innumerous people in North, and South America find the most hopeful, meaningful, and purposeful life over the past two decades of my practice as an ordained minister/pastoral counselor and over a decade as a mental health provider. I also do culturally competent treatment as every situation is different.

You don’t have to carry this alone. I’m a California-licensed therapist who supports adolescents, young adults, women, and people from diverse cultural backgrounds through stress, relationship dynamics, family conflicts, and trauma recovery. Whether you’re juggling academic pressure, caregiving, career pivots, or the weight of old wounds, I offer a steady, nonjudgmental presence. My style is warm, collaborative, and culturally responsive—I honor the identities, histories, and values that shape who you are, and I approach our work with curiosity, humility, and respect.

I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) in California. I have 15 years of experience helping individuals cope with the challenges they face in their lives. I have a specialty in treating individuals struggling with alcohol and substance use. I also have been trained in Brainspotting techniques that reduce the effect traumas and other upsetting life events have on a person's ability to find the happiness they want from life.

Hi, I'm Kristin. I'm a licensed therapist with nearly 20 years of experience in the field. My clinical training leans heavily on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with an integrative approach using a trauma informed, strengths based and attachment focused lens. My approach is deeply humanistic- rooted in compassion, honesty and integrity. I believe that therapy should be a safe, supportive space, where you can be truly seen and your story handled with care.

As a somatic psychotherapist and longtime creative, I bring together psychology and lived, embodied experience. My background as an actor, writer, and director shapes how I work with the unfolding story of self as it’s felt in the body—moment by moment. Therapy with me emphasizes curiosity, presence, and deep listening to what wants to emerge through sensation, emotion, and relationship.

I’m a licensed therapist who provides a warm, grounded, and compassionate space for healing, with a strong focus on trauma-informed care. My work is shaped by professional training and lived experience, allowing me to meet clients with empathy, safety, and respect. I support individuals navigating trauma, anxiety, stress, and life transitions, helping them build resilience, insight, and a sense of stability at a pace that feels right for them.

Hi, I am Millie Montgomery, licensed therapist. Let us work together. I have a client-centered, trauma-informed, strength-based therapeutic style. I engage with client who are experiencing different issues or want a safe place to share their feelings and speak their mind. I believe in each individuals inner strength and resiliency to overcome any challenge that may arise in their lives. If you are ready to make changes in your life, reach out. Engaging in therapy is the first step in asking for help. You got this ! I am non-judgemental in manner and respect other's values and morals. I am currently offering virtual therapy at this time. only. Thank you for taking the time and I look forward to hearing from you.

I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in California. I received my Master's Degree in Social Work from California State University, Northridge and have been practicing for 12 years. I am a diplomate of The Academy of Cognitive Therapy. As a licensed therapist specializing in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), I am committed to helping clients identify and transform negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their emotional difficulties. Through CBT, therapy focuses on the interplay between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, empowering clients to make meaningful changes in their lives. My goal as a therapist is to support you in understanding and overcoming the challenges you face, while equipping you with the tools and strategies needed for long-term success. Through a collaborative and empathetic approach, we will work together to achieve your goals and improve your overall well-being.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California as well as a Licensed Independent Mental Health Practitioner in Nebraska. I also have a PhD in International Psychology from the Chicago School. I have 15 years of experience as a therapist, and 15 years previous to that teaching coping skills and working in group homes with adolescents that struggled emotionally. I strive to provide a trauma-informed, culturally sensitive, non-judgmental space for personal exploration, emotional vulnerability, and growth. Additionally, I am committed to offering LGBTQ+-affirming care. I utilize a variety of modalities to provide an experience that is tailored to each person and their stage of life. My desire is that you find a calm, strength-based, and client-centered experience each time you meet with me.

I am committed to helping people regain a sense of purpose and greater understanding about what they are struggling with. I work to empower them to have some control in a chaotic world around or within them. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families throughout the greater San Diego area over the past nine years. I can offer a safe and non-judgemental space to discuss your issues where you can feel seen and heard. My aim will be to understand who you are and the world you are in to create more meaning as you begin to heal. Sometimes we can lose our way, lose sight of ourselves, or even put distance between those we love. I am passionate about helping people find their way back to themselves and work towards reconnecting with their family or community.

I am a California licensed clinician (LMFT) with over 30 years of experience. I am a solution-focused therapist who creates a warm, empathic, non-judgmental environment to help you feel safe and cared for. I have extensive experience working with adults across multiple issues, leveraging various clinical tools and training to help get you "unstuck", take better care of yourself, and live your best life. During my career, I have worked as a corporate executive, consultant, coach, trainer, and clinician. I am finishing my doctorate in clinical psychology with a research focus on loneliness and social connection.

Hi, I am a Licenced Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been working as a therapist for 10 years. My goal is to provide guidance, support, and feedback in a safe therapeutic space to ultimately help you heal and strengthen your resilience. I help my clients identify areas they would like to develop and learn new coping skills in order to enhance strengths and abilities which can help them achieve a greater degree of happiness and contentment in their lives.

As a therapist specializing in serving individuals of color, I place great emphasis on promoting self-care and wellness among my clients. My goal is to assist my clients in navigating the intersectionality of their identities while prioritizing their mental, emotional, and physical well-being. I provide a supportive environment for clients to explore their unique experiences, cultural backgrounds, and societal pressures. My approach includes empowering clients to create personalized self-care routines, coping strategies, and resilience-building techniques that are tailored to their unique needs. Additionally, I provide various resources and methods to assist clients in cultivating self-awareness, establishing boundaries, coping with pressure, and fostering a sense of equilibrium and contentment in their lives.

Hello! I am a child psychologist based in California. I received my doctorate from Pepperdine University and have completed training at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Primary Children's Hospital. I have 8 years of experience working specifically with children and their families in various treatment settings. I am dedicated to supporting the emotional and behavioral growth of children and adolescents through evidence-based, compassionate care.

Are you looking to make changes in your life but don't know where to start? Have you recently experienced a change in your life and are struggling to pick up the pieces? Do you feel stuck repeating the same patterns again and again? I provide a straight forward, down to earth, comfortable atmosphere for adults struggling with depression, anxiety, trauma/abuse, life transition issues, single mother issues, stress. My goal is to guide you toward a resolution of these problems and help you identify their origins so that you do not repeat the same patterns of coping that were unsuccessful in the past. I also provide various resources in the form of homework exercises designed to assist you in your therapeutic journey.

Hello, my name is Rachel and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Choosing to begin therapy can be extremely difficult, so congratulations on taking the first step. I hold certifications in Trauma-Informed Care, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness. I also specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Strength-Based, and Narrative approaches. As an African American woman, I understand the significance of intersectionality and how vital client centered care is.

I am a Bilingual Marriage, Child and Family therapist with 12 years of experience. I help individuals and families work through difficult challenges and guide them through a healing journey in which they set the destination. I enjoy and pride myself in working with individuals and families of various backgrounds. I particularly enjoy working with individuals who are complex and strive to reach their full potential.

I'm a CA Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) with over 20 years of experience supporting individuals, couples, and families through life transitions, emotional overwhelm, relationship challenges, and substance use concerns. I bring both deep clinical experience and a very human understanding of how hard it can be to ask for help. My approach is collaborative, honest, and practical. I use evidence-based modalities such as DBT, Motivational Interviewing, Narrative Therapy, and systems-based work, always tailored to your goals and lived experience. Therapy with me is about gaining insight, building skills, and creating real, sustainable change. Clients often tell me they leave sessions feeling more grounded, more confident in their choices, and better equipped to handle emotions and relationships with clarity and self-trust. My goal is to help you feel less overwhelmed, more connected, and more aligned with the life you want to build.

I believe that healing begins with a strong, supportive relationship, which is why I take a client-centered approach - meeting you where you are, listening without judgment, and creating a safe space where you feel seen and heard. I have extensive experience working with teens and young adults working through anxiety, depression, family dynamics and life transitions. My goal is to help you better understand yourself, building resilience, and develop tools to manage life's ups and downs. Whether you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or just not like yourself, I'm here to support you on your journey towards feeling more grounded and empowered.

I am a mom, bonus mom and wife with 15 years experience providing therapy as a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I am a dedicated therapist passionate about providing access to quality mental health care. I specialize in working with diverse individuals and family dynamics, fostering a compassionate and accepting environment. My approach is rooted in authenticity, as I believe in the power of genuine connection to promote healing and growth. I am committed to supporting each client on their unique journey towards mental wellness.

Hi. I'm a licensed clinical social worker and received my Masters from USC. I've provided therapy since 2010. I've spend 14 years working with adolescents but i also having experience working with veterans and people with addiction. I've worked with people that have PTSD, Depression, Anxiety, anger issues, drug and alcohol addictions; I've also facilitated various groups in schools and in psychiatric facilities

Hello, my name is Javier Perales, and I am a bilingual Licensed Clinical Social Worker and EMDR Certified Therapist. My client focus is to help my clients achieve their treatment goals and help them improve their quality of life. My clinical Journey started about 15 years ago. My own recovery from substance use disorders led me to reevaluate my life and pursue service to the recovery community. This journey brought me to 12-step groups and eventually to clinical work, where I became passionate about serving clients with trauma, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and addictions.

Hello and Welcome to Grow Therapy, my name is Sabrina Thurman. Do you ever find yourself struggling in relationships, at work, with family, peers or with your health and wellbeing? You are not alone, and change is possible. I have helped clients' just like you to make sustainable and permanent life changes, by increasing my client's ability to manage and cope with stress. I use a holistic approach to address the needs of your mind, body, and spirit. I am excited to begin our journey together. I believe one of the bravest things you can do is begin to understand your own story. My job is to provide a space for you to process your feelings while assisting you to feel safe within our teletherapy environment. You are the expert on your life, your personal goals have value and will drive our treatment plan. My ideal patient is focused on personal growth and healing.

Welcome! I’m Madeleine Leclaire. Mental health struggles can leave you feeling overwhelmed, isolated, and discouraged. Searching for a therapist is your first step on the journey to take control of your symptoms and improve your quality of life. I’m here to guide you on that journey! I seek to create a safe and supportive space where you can experience acceptance while we explore your experiences with anxiety, depression, or trauma. I focus on helping you develop the unique skills to address your symptoms, reach your wellness goals, and live the life you want. You are not the problem. The problem is the problem. Mental health symptoms can lead you to a dark and scary space. Are you ready to separate yourself from anxiety, depression, or trauma and take control of your mental health? Let me help you find the light.

Hola! I'm Elliana. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I received my Masters in Social Work from California State University Dominguez Hills. I'm bilingual in English and Spanish, and have been providing clinical services in the community to individuals of all ages for the past 13+ years. I hope to be of service and provide the support you need to meet your goals.

Welcome to therapy, I'm Rachel. If you or your loved one are experiencing emotional distress due to family, work, relationships or the unknown then I am here to help. It takes courage to seek out a Therapist and I am glad you are ready to get started. I empower high-functioning individuals to reduce feelings of being overwhelmed, nervousness, worry, sadness and other symptoms that are disrupting life. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and I have provided mental health counseling for individuals in small rural clinics, larger city clinics, and as a provider for short-term counseling grant programs. I offer flexible appointments, evenings and weekends. I understand how difficult the work/school week can be and want to increase your opportunities for accessing uniquely tailored mental health treatment. *Currently not accepting couples*

Hello! I’m Ignacio. I am a therapist (Licensed Clinical Social Worker) based in Monterey, California that truly enjoys helping clients overcome life struggles. While English is my primary language, I also speak Spanish fluently. I have worked with clients that have different life experiences including depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress, self-esteem issues, relationship problems, recovery from break-ups, identity issues, and other challenges. I am also welcoming to LGBTQIQ folx as an ally and I am gender-affirming. I am bicultural (Mexican-American) and bilingual (Spanish). The clients I have served in the past have benefited from the way in which I do therapy and help them overcome the difficulties in their lives to help them live and enjoy life more. I use science-backed (EBT) methods to help my clients including CBT, MI, and Mindfulness.

I believe in the value of building a trusting and safe therapeutic relationship to tap into your internal strength, self-expertise, and self-expression to promote growth and support healing. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, #126521, in California, and I graduated with a Master of Arts in Counseling Psychology with a specialization in Expressive Arts Therapy from California Institute of Integral Studies in 2015.

Hello! I'm Ingrid and I am a bilingual Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of California with over 10 years of experience. I am passionate about helping teens, young adults and women overcome their current obstacles so they can live out their life to the fullest and engage fully in all of their relationships. I provide a warm and safe therapeutic environment where you can explore your past and become more attuned to how it has impacted your emotional state, beliefs and behaviors in order to create a new path forward. My approach will give you practical strategies to help manage your current symptoms while we explore changes that can be made to help you reach your goals and achieve the life you want to live.

Hi and welcome! My name is (Anna) Iris Raileanu Pincin and I am Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) and Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) based in Southern California. I work with individuals on a variety of topics such as depression, anxiety, trauma, interpersonal issues etc. utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Trauma Focused- CBT, Psychodynamic etc. I'm excited to get to know you!

Hi, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 5 years of experience. I believe treatment and therapy should be different for each individual depending on their preferences, background, beliefs, and personality. I consider myself to be warm and inviting and create a space where one feels heard and seen during our sessions. Additionally, I am bilingual and speak Spanish.

Welcome! If you are struggling with daily stressors, the state of the world or traumatic experiences, I welcome you to contact me to explore how I can support and help in your healing. Therapy is a space dedicated to exploring your life and mind with the hope of something brighter and lighter. It is to alleviate that tension that may have been weighing you down for some time. I see the therapeutic space as a puzzle that begins with the pieces you put on the table but slowly comes together, through our work, to see the final clearer image. As your therapist, I will help empower and guide you towards unlocking tools to improve your mental well-being.

Thank you for visiting my profile. I have been in the mental health field for 35 years and have worked in many settings and with many issues throughout my career. I have a doctorate in clinical psychology, a masters in clinical social work and a masters in counseling. I am comfortable working with all populations and strive to meet my patients where they are in their process.

I am a LMFT, focusing on assisting clients with reframing their ideas about themselves and how they see the world. I offer a safe space for client's to feel heard and their feelings validated. I hold certificates in Trauma Treatment, Cultural competence and Sensitivity in the LGBTQ community, Cultural Responsiveness, and Grief Treatment. As a cancer survivor, I have worked with clients in the cancer community, clients struggling with focus and ADHD, and those on the Autism Spectrum who are high functioning in the college/university community.

Hello...Most of my work is Brief Emotional Therapy, 4-7 sessions, although I do have folks that have been with me for longer. I work with issues of anxiety and depression as well as relationship issues and problems with emotional intimacy, both with ourselves and others. Much of my work involves moving towards your most meaningful or valued life while accepting the pain /anxiety that inevitably comes with it I'm here to facilitate your journey on whatever you are experiencing or going through without judgment or attitude. I help manage the depressions or anxieties that come with life, cope with a crisis, or move into the growth and evolvment that are ours to have. I practice tele-therapy daily. If you see an open slot you are welcome to take it without any advance notice. Thank you, Dr. Robert Lusson

Hi and welcome! I’m Anna, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker here to support you through the ups, downs, and everything in between. For the past four years, I’ve helped clients navigate anxiety, depression, stress, burnout, and big life transitions in a space that’s completely safe and judgment-free. My approach? Real conversations, practical coping skills, and building healthy boundaries—with yourself and others—so you can show up as the best version of you. Together, we’ll tackle challenges like overthinking, low self-esteem, relationship struggles, or feeling stuck, and create a plan that feels authentic and doable. Therapy doesn’t have to feel scary or stiff—it can be a space where you get to explore, heal, and grow. If you’re ready to make moves toward a life that feels balanced and meaningful, I’m here for you.

Welcome! Taking the first step toward therapy is a powerful and courageous decision. Whether you're seeking support for life transitions, navigating overwhelming emotions, or simply desiring a deeper connection with yourself, I am here to walk alongside you. You don’t need to have all the words or even know exactly where to begin—that’s what we uncover together. I offer a compassionate and grounded space where you can safely explore your thoughts, emotions, and experiences. Vulnerability isn’t always easy, but I believe that when someone dares to step into that space, profound growth can happen.

I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is passionate about creating a safe, compassionate space where clients feel truly heard and supported. My approach combines evidence-based practices like CBT, DBT, EMDR, and strength-based therapy with the option of integrating faith for those who desire it. I believe that healing is possible and that each person has unique strengths to build on in their journey toward growth.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a deep passion for helping individuals create meaningful, lasting change in their lives. I earned my bachelor’s degree in Human Services from California State University, Fullerton, and went on to receive my master’s degree in Counseling – Marriage and Family Therapy from California State University, Long Beach. My clinical experience spans a broad range of social, emotional, and behavioral concerns, including stress, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, trauma, grief and bereavement, maternal mental health, self-esteem, life transitions, and relationship challenges.