Therapists near me in Sacramento, CA

Dr. Diane Dunne, Ph.D. is a Licensed Psychologist who has successfully helped her patients for more than 25 years utilizing an integrative approach to therapy! Her passion for serving others and her positiveness has enabled her to provide care to a diverse population of patients over many years. She is filled with enthusiasm and positiveness and seeks to “pass it forward”! Being a Clinical Psychologist has always been her passion because she feels a deep caring and compassion for others. Many have shared with her that they appreciate her warmth and compassion in addition to enjoying her laughter and fun-loving nature as they have explored their issues with her. In addition to providing individual therapy for meeting your personal goals, as a parent of twin boys who are now grown, she is able to offer assistance to meet your challenges in parenting by offering positive parenting recommendations from the perspective of a Psychologist, an Educator and a Parent:-)

It takes courage to reach out for support, and I feel honored to be trusted with my clients’ stories. I strive to create a safe, compassionate space where we’ll work at your pace to build insight, resilience, and lasting change. I have a background in both medical social work and residential mental health, allowing me to build rapport quickly so you can feel safe in our sessions.

Hi! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and my goal is to foster resilience, to help you reach your goals, uncover strengths, explore challenges, and create meaningful change in your life. I believe in allowing each individual to be an active participant in therapy, and my role as a therapist is to work with you by offering support, reflection, and insights to help you reach your goals. I strive to make therapy a collaborative process and believe having a strong therapeutic relationship is one of the most important parts of effective therapy. I recognize the importance of tailoring sessions to suit your individual needs and would love to support you in your journey if you believe we would be a good fit!

As a psychologist who has been licensed for 27 years, I have been honored to work with a wide variety of people. I enjoy working with a diverse group of clients ranging in age from young adulthood to seniors. Having worked with people across therapeutic environments also gives me an understanding of systems of care that I can pass on to clients.

Hello! I appreciate your curiosity and willingness to explore yourself and your goals. I'm Alison Camhi, a California-based Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have been working with individuals, couples, families and groups for over 20 years to navigate challenges such as anxiety, depression, substance and process addictions, dual diagnoses, co-dependence, mood disorders, grief, communication and the various challenges we walk through each day. My most important goal is to help my Clients transform positive AND difficult experiences into a strategy for forward movement and progress built upon your insights, along with practical tools for consistent momentum.

Hi, I’m Dr. Cathy Evangelatos, I look forward to supporting you on your journey toward healing and growth. I am a licensed clinical psychologist in California with a doctorate in Clinical Psychology from the American School of Professional Psychology. I also hold a Master’s degree in Theology, enabling me to offer specialized Christian-integrated therapy for clients who desire to integrate their faith into their personal growth and healing. I hold a Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, which provides significantly more rigorous training and expertise than a standard two-year Master’s-level therapist. Psychologists typically complete 5–7+ years of doctoral-level education beyond a bachelor’s degree, with extensive training in evidence-based psychological interventions, assessment, diagnosis, and advanced treatment approaches. In contrast, most Master’s-level therapists (such as MFTs or LCSWs) complete a two-year graduate program focused primarily on relational and family systems work. This advanced doctoral training allows me to deliver deeper, more nuanced, and highly effective care — empowering you to achieve meaningful, lasting change with greater insight, precision, and support than a standard Master’s-level therapist can typically provide.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) with over 20 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and families in a variety of settings. For the first 14 years of my career, I specialized in working with children, and I have since expanded my practice to also include adults. I currently serve clients ages 12–65. I also bring experience in life coaching and parenting training, which supports my work in helping clients and families build practical skills, improve relationships, and create meaningful change.

Hello! My name is Brenda and I am a licensed clinical social worker. As a dedicated and empathetic mental health professional with over 7 years of experience, I am deeply committed to helping adolescents and young adults navigate their emotional and psychological challenges. My journey into therapy began with a profound personal interest in understanding human behavior and a desire to support others in their pursuit of mental well-being.

Hello. I chose to become a therapist after recognizing its value as a tool for managing life's challenges. I am committed to fostering self-growth and exploration. I aim to support others in their personal development journeys! My style is eclectic, meaning I utilize a wide variety of therapeutic modalities and tools to help you achieve your therapy goals. Together, we can help to get you to a better place.

Hi, I'm Amanda, and I help people exhausted from fighting their mind finally find peace with it. By the time most people find me, they're worn down—not just by overwhelm and defeat, but by the effort of white-knuckling it. Capable on the outside. Exhausted on the inside. Wondering if this is just who they are. That’s not the whole story I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in individual work with adults, parents, and caregivers. Over the past 15 years, I've had the privilege of walking alongside hundreds of people as they moved from survival mode to a life that actually feels like their own. I hold a Master's degree from the California Institute of Integral Studies, and I bring both the clinical depth of that training and the wisdom of real-world practice to every session. My approach is collaborative and personalized — because you're not a diagnosis or a checklist, and therapy shouldn't feel like one. I'm a creative thinker by nature, and I use that to bring fresh perspectives to our work together, while also providing the structure and direction that meaningful progress requires. In our early sessions, we'll take time to understand what's really going on and build a clear, intentional plan that fits your life. Most of my clients notice a real, positive shift within the first month. A steady, meaningful life isn't something other people get to have. It belongs to you, too. If you're ready to stop managing and start actually living, I'd love to connect.

I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 18 years of experience helping adults and couples work through anxiety, depression, addiction, grief, relationship struggles, and life transitions. My style is warm, real, and supportive, the kind of space where you can take a breath, be yourself, and not feel judged. I work collaboratively, pulling from CBT, psychodynamic, mindfulness, and person-centered approaches to support your goals. Whether you’re feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or just need someone steady to talk things through, we’ll move at your pace and figure it out together. Therapy can feel like a big step, I’m here to make it feel less intimidating and more like a real, healing connection.

Hello and welcome to the journey of becoming an even more incredible version of yourself! I'm Sarah, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I am so looking forward to meeting with you. I am a strengths-based, client centered, and solutions focused therapist. Together we will work to develop skills based on your strengths to help you thrive in your life. Our time together will be a collaboration between us to make sure that you are working on the areas that you feel will most benefit you and even those that you may not consider needing change.

Hello I'm Sonja — a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor based in California. My path to this work wasn't a straight line and I think that makes me a better clinician. I started with a career in corrections in Arkansas, where I learned early on how to connect with people in difficult circumstances without judgment. That experience shaped how I show up in the therapy room to this day. I transitioned into mental health as a psychiatric technician, working directly with all age groups across inpatient and community settings; providing direct care, facilitating group therapy, and delivering individual therapy during my internship and later as a registered clinician with the California Board of Behavioral Sciences. By the time I became fully licensed, I had accumulated nearly a decade of real-world clinical experience across some of the most demanding settings in behavioral health..

Hello. I'm Dr. Dutton. I am a licensed clinical forensic psychologist, and I have been working in the field since 2014. I have experience working with clients that are facing anxiety, depression, history of trauma, severe mental illness, forensic/legal issues, difficulty setting boundaries, self-esteem, career stress/burnout, and relationship issues. In addition, I work with military and veteran populations assisting them with a wide variety of psychosocial stressors. The best part of my job is being able to walk alongside my clients as they grow and heal, becoming the best possible version of themselves!

Hello, I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I am a graduate of Fresno Pacific Biblical Seminary and have been a practicing clinician for the past 10 years. I enjoy assisting clients in discovering their unique strengths and gifts that can be applied to improving mental health. My practice focuses on adults struggling with anxiety, depression, life transitions, and parenting difficulties.

My approach is the culmination of over 20 years of personal experience, study and work in the fields of social worker and therapies . Deeply listening and living in life’s fullness has been my touchstone and a guiding light that continues to inform and teach me. I look forward to talking with you and learning more about how I can help.

Hi, I’m Jamie. I’m a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) in California with over 10 years of experience helping individuals navigate life’s challenges. Prior to practicing in California, I worked as a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) in New York and earned my Master’s in Counseling and Community Psychology from The Sage Colleges in Albany, New York. I believe therapy should be a space where you feel safe, heard, and accepted without judgment. My approach is collaborative and person-centered, recognizing that you are the expert on your own life. I’m here to walk alongside you with compassion, support, insight, and practical tools. A phrase that guides both my personal life and my work is *“Remember the Goal.”* To me, this means staying connected to what matters most, even when life feels overwhelming. Growth isn’t always linear, but with support and intention, you can keep moving forward one step at a time. It’s a privilege to be invited into each person’s story, and I would be honored to walk alongside you in yours.

My name is Justin, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with several years of experience providing therapy to individuals from diverse backgrounds, including Veterans. I understand that life’s challenges can sometimes feel overwhelming, and therapy can be an important step toward feeling better, improving emotional well-being, and continuing to function effectively in everyday life. In addition to my clinical experience, I have a strong background in case management and helping clients connect with supportive resources that can improve their overall quality of life. My approach to therapy is practical, supportive, and personalized to each client’s unique needs. I strive to create a safe and collaborative space where clients feel heard, supported, and empowered as they work toward meaningful change and personal growth.

*PLEASE NOTE THAT I ONLY ACCEPT CLIENTS IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA AT THIS TIME* I am a licensed clinical social worker located in the greater Los Angeles area. I work with clients 18 years and older. I have a vast array of knowledge with middle aged and elderly populations. Clients that enter into therapy with me will work to become a version of themselves that helps motivate them to live life in a way that they define as rewarding and productive.

My name is Matt Gleason and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have had experience with both children and adults with a variety of struggles including depression, anxiety, trauma, substance use, and psychotic disorders. I work collaboratively with you to work toward your personal goals and dreams. I consider myself client-centered which means that you are the expert on your own life and I want to work on what YOU find the most valuable in our sessions together. I utilize evidence based therapeutic modalities as well including CBT, DBT, Positive Psychology, and Motivational Interviewing. I am culturally responsive and utilize trauma informed care. I also exercise cultural humility with all of my clients and enjoy working with clients who may have been stigmatized including LGBTQ+ and all different racial/ethnic backgrounds. I enjoy working with all different faith/spiritual backgrounds. I can't wait to start our work together and look forward to helping you begin your therapeutic journey.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Masters Degree in Social Work from California State University Los Angeles. I have been working in mental health for over 40 years, and as a licensed professional for 16 years. My area of expertise is mental health and supporting clients to be able to adjust and cope better with a myriad of life stressors.

I'm a mother to young adults and married for over two+ decades with a professional background and MBA. I understand the complexities of dating, couplehood, family life, parenting, and professional challenges. I specialize in couples therapy & individual therapy for adults. At this time I am taking on new (adult) clients for individual therapy with insurance. I see couples with cash-pay options only.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California who supports adults navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, and life transitions. I earned my Bachelor’s degree in Social Work from California State University, Los Angeles, and my Master’s degree in Social Work with a focus on Adult Mental Health and Wellness from the University of Southern California. I have experience working with clients ages 5 to 65 from diverse backgrounds and walks of life, with specialties in domestic violence, grief, and trauma. I provide a warm, empowering, and nonjudgmental space where clients can feel safe to explore their experiences. Using a blend of CBT, trauma-informed care, and solution-focused therapy, I help clients build practical coping skills, heal from past experiences, and create meaningful, lasting change in their lives.

Hi, my name is Idania Arellano, I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California. I received a master's degree in Marital and Family Therapy from Loma Linda University in 2019. I have worked in human services for since 2010 in various capacities including drug and alcohol and case management in group homes. I enjoy working as a therapist and feel privileged to help others work on themselves.

Hi. I’m Dr. Kimberly, a licensed professional counselor with a Ph.D. in Health Psychology. I have experience treating adults in group and individual settings, utilizing an eclectic assortment of techniques and therapies. My areas of interest are anxiety and mood disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder. My motto is “carpe diem” (seize the day), and I love working with people to help find solutions while encouraging each person to seize each day as a fresh start. I do not provide couple's therapy. I do not provide therapy to individuals with personality disorders.

I’m a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor who offers a supportive, nonjudgmental space where you can feel heard and understood. I work with youth, adolescents, young adults, couples, and families facing anxiety, depression, OCD, trauma, and life transitions. My approach to therapy is direct, compassionate, and individualized. Together, we’ll identify patterns that may be holding you back, build insight, and develop practical coping strategies. I’m especially passionate about helping clients strengthen relationships, improve communication, and navigate change with confidence and clarity. I take a holistic approach to mental health, addressing the connection between mind and body. Using evidence-based practices like CBT, DBT, mindfulness, and strengths-based therapy, I help clients understand and change unhelpful patterns. Together, we build coping skills, improve emotional regulation, and support lasting, meaningful change. I provide clients with practical tools for growth while offering education on emotional regulation and long-term healing. I’m committed to challenging mental health stigma and creating a safe, welcoming space for all. I also offer a complimentary 15-minute consultation to ensure we’re a good fit.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW, CEAP) based in California, Georgia, Maryland, and New Jersey. I received my Masters from the University of Maryland Baltimore and have been practicing for 25 years. I help young adults, adults, and elderly adults struggling with life transitioning issues that may cause stress, depression, and anxiety through CBT, DBT, and psychoeducation treatment modalities that helps individuals reach their highest potential.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California with over 25 years of experience working as a therapist in private practice. I have worked with a wide variety of clients, ages 8 to 80, who struggle with depression, anxiety, stress, relationship issues, and trauma. My therapy style is warm and interactive. At times, I may utilize humor to highlight a concern, at other times I may be more directive. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity and compassion. I utilize a cognitive behavioral approach to therapy while incorporating natural and holistic styles in treatment. I also believe in matching the treatment style to the person and not the person to the treatment style. It takes courage to take steps towards change. I am here to listen and offer my support and guidance every step of the way.

Hi, I am a licensed clinical social worker practicing in California. The population I serve are children, adolescents, and young to older adults. I can help make an impact serving this population by providing psycho-education, using evidenced based interventions, teaching safe and healthy coping skills, and assigning light homework for those who are interested. My goal is to always adjust and meet what my client's current needs are as things can change and arise throughout treatment.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who specializes in working with young adults and adults experiencing anxiety, depression and trauma. I provide a client-centered, warm and non-judgmental space where individuals can feel supported as they work towards improving their mental health and overall well-being. Together, we create a space where you can exhale, speak honestly and begin to understand what’s really going on beneath the surface.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 24 years of clinical experience helping adolescents and adults heal from trauma, strengthen relationships, and create meaningful change in their lives. I specialize in working with individuals affected by domestic violence, emotional, physical, mental, and sexual abuse, childhood neglect, PTSD, anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, and life transitions. Throughout my career, I have worked in nonprofit community mental health settings in a variety of leadership and clinical roles, including Clinical Director and Clinical Supervisor, while maintaining a private practice since 2010. Since 2019, I have focused primarily on private practice and genuinely enjoy the opportunity to build meaningful therapeutic relationships and support clients through their healing and growth. My approach is compassionate, direct, intuitive, and empowering. I believe people are resilient and capable of change when provided with the right support, tools, and insight. Together, we work to understand how past experiences continue to affect present-day thoughts, emotions, relationships, and decision-making, while developing practical strategies to improve self-worth, restore functioning, and achieve personal, educational, career, and relationship goals. I strive to create a safe, respectful, and nonjudgmental space where clients feel heard and understood. Drawing from a variety of evidence-based approaches, I tailor treatment to each client's unique needs, strengths, cultural background, and life experiences. My goal is to help clients move beyond survival, reclaim their sense of self, and build healthier, more fulfilling lives.

Hello, I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who offers therapy in both English and Spanish. I work with adults navigating anxiety, trauma, relationship stress, low self-esteem, and life transitions. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in both emotional insight and practical tools. I help clients develop a deeper understanding of themselves, shift unhelpful patterns, and feel more steady and confident in their day-to-day lives.

I believe therapy should be a place where you can show up exactly as you are—without judgment, pressure, or the expectation that you have everything figured out. Clients often describe me as warm, genuine, and direct, and I believe therapy works best when it feels like a real conversation: one where you feel heard, understood, gently challenged, and equipped with practical tools you can use in everyday life. Building a trusting, collaborative relationship is at the heart of my work. I strive to create a space where you feel safe bringing every part of yourself into therapy, knowing you'll be met with compassion, honesty, and respect. Together, we'll work toward helping you better understand yourself, navigate life's challenges, and create meaningful, lasting change.

Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I received my Master's from the University of California, Los Angeles and have been practicing for 10 years. Using a strengths-based, compassionate and culturally affirming approach, I help adolescents and young adults with managing stressors and negative emotions that arise in this time of one's life. It is my goal to empower those I work with to have the skills and tools to overcome their challenges and become the best versions of themselves.

Hello! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I received my Master Degree from California State University and I've been practicing therapy for over 12 years. I grew up in Italy and moved to the US 42 years ago. I work with adult men and women struggling with trauma, anxiety, life transitions, relationships. I'm passionate about helping them live more fulfilling relationships and peaceful life.

I am a Latinx therapist who began practicing in 2013 and have experience helping people heal and continue on their mental health journeys. I love to support individuals in feeling confident in their own choices and finding their best self. I hope to help you too in finding your own healing path going at your own pace and deciding what you want to focus on.

Hi and Welcome! My name is Amy Childers; I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 14 years of counseling experience. I have experience working with many populations over the years. I am also specialized in the treatment of trauma and offer EMDR treatment. My approach is client centered eclectic, so I collaborate with my client to determine the best treatment approach and goals for success. I utilize Cognitive behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and EMDR in my therapy practice. I currently provide therapy to ages 18 and up at this time. I look forward to meeting you.

My name is Michael Southerland and I have over 30 years experience in working with people in mental health, 10 years as a licensed therapist. I have worked in child welfare and adoptions, juvenile systems, and community mental health. I have been in private practice since 2018. I truly enjoy helping others become their best selves. I am looking forward to meeting you.

I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California, New York, and New Jersey State, as well as a Crisis Clinician and Psychotherapist. After completing graduate studies in 2003 at New York University, I joined a teaching hospital and specialized in Crisis and Trauma-Informed interventions. I have extensive experience in Inpatient and Crisis Treatment, Partial Hospitalization, Intensive Outpatient programs, and Individual therapy. My client-centered therapeutic approach promotes meeting your needs and goals as well as maintaining a life-work balance.

Hi, I'm Alyssa. I believe therapy works best when people feel genuinely seen, supported, and accepted. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in curiosity rather than judgment. I enjoy helping people better understand themselves, navigate life's challenges, and create healthier patterns in their relationships. Whether you're facing a difficult season or seeking personal growth, I strive to provide a space where you can feel safe, supported, and empowered to make meaningful change.

Michaela Thompson is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in California, Kansas and Missouri. She is approachable, attentive, encouraging, understanding, and adept at finding solutions. With over a decade of experience in various environments, she offers a unique outlook on diverse difficulties and dedicated to working with you to understand and address your struggles. She earned her Master's degree in Social Work from California State University - East Bay equipping her with a solid foundation in evidence-based therapeutic techniques and theories.

I am a client centered therapist, which means I believe that the client is the expert on their experiences. I ask questions, am open to feedback, and trust the client's capacity for growth and self-actualization. Additionally, I provide coping skills and evidenced based practices to help clients in these areas. I also use art therapy in my practice, which is workable in telehealth.

Hello! I am Vanessa Ly and it's so great to meet you. Am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I specialize in treating younger adults and adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, life transitions, self-esteem, or relationship concerns. I have also worked closely with first generation individuals and families to be the cycle breaker. I believe that positive change and growth can happen and it’s the first step to your journey of healing.

Growing up isn't always easy. Whether you're navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, or the many transitions that come with adolescence and young adulthood, you don't have to face it alone. I specialize in helping teens and young adults better understand themselves, build healthy coping skills, heal from difficult experiences, and gain confidence as they move toward the life they want. My journey to becoming a therapist began in child welfare, where I witnessed firsthand the resilience of young people and the complex challenges many families face. For more than 10 years, I've been committed to serving underserved communities and providing a safe, supportive space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered. My goal is to walk alongside you, helping you navigate life's challenges while building the tools and confidence needed to reach your personal goals.

I'm a Licensed Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I received my Master's from the University of Southern California. I have provided mental health services for 18 years, helping clients with a wild range of issues, including anxiety, depression, trauma, psychosis, grief/loss, chronic illness, postpartum, problematic relationships, behavioral issues, personality traits and life/career transitions in diverse populations of adults. Given my experience, I have developed a therapeutic approach based on clients' needs. I combine evidence-based interventions with cognitive and psychodynamic therapies. I provide a supportive environment where clients openly and safely express their experiences, emotions, and thoughts with acceptance and non-judgment.

Hello there, thanks for spending the time to get to know me as a Therapist. I would like first to welcome you to this interesting journey of getting to know yourself deeply and possibly understand the world around you. First, I explore you, the problem you are facing, your environment, and your past to understand better what is going on. So, be aware, I will take some time on that. I especially want you to feel heard and understood first, to be in the same page before we move on to the next step. I was told to be very approachable and easy to talk to, even when I point out inconsistencies for us to gain broader insight into your situation. Over the years of experience, I have learned that each of my clients brings a different theory that needs to be treated case by case. I use several different approaches and orientations, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Bowen Therapy, and Structural Therapy among many others. I have treated adolescents, women, men, couples, and families, and I have been treated at different severity levels. I have been successful in bringing out the best of you once you find your personal goals and place in life. Overall, I am open to your needs and preferences in treatment plan and interventions, as long as it brings you back to your functioning and high performance.

Hello! I love meeting people where they are, and helping them transition to their next best thing. Whether it be transitioning from college to adult life, or perimenopause ladies rocking into their next best self, I love being there to support when you're unsure and to reflect and help processing things that just aren't making sense...yet! Transitions can make us anxious for trying something new, or depressed from letting something go. I am there as a calm and positive force for you to springboard into what's next, while honoring and holding on to what still is a part of the YOU you are growing into!

I have almost 10 years of experience in this field of work. Most of it has been with the geriatric population within various settings, as well as with individuals challenged with a severe mental illness in forensic environments. I am very familiar with the impact of trauma on the life cycle. Additionally, I work with young adults navigating school-work-life-family balance, setting priorities, making challenging life decisions and developing self esteem and confidence while learning to maneuver life's ongoing challenges.

I am an LCSW working in the Bay Area, with experience in Child Protection/ At-risk family service, Home Health & Hospice service, and community mental health center. My primary clients are the Asian community (new immigrants or their descendants), and I address issues such as stress management, depression, anxiety, and immigration trauma. In my previous work, I have also supported patients dealing with postpartum depression and parenting concerns. Because I have similar experiences, I can empathize with the struggles involved and use insights from Asian traditional culture to better understand your thoughts and feelings in the therapeutic process. I offer counseling services in Chinese, ensuring that language barriers do not prevent you from receiving support. I aim not only to provide you with psychological and emotional support but also to assist you in utilizing community resources to ensure you receive comprehensive care.

I am Licensed MFT and I help my client to explore their behaviors, thoughts, and emotions in a safe and confidential space. The goal is personal growth and improve mental wellbeing and navigate the client through anxiety, depression, addiction and relationship issues, through collaborative work my client able to gain the tools and insight to deal with the at hand problems and future issues. Developing rapport with my clients is a primary focus and understanding their struggles in their own words, by providing them with safe and nonjudgmental environment.