Therapists in Florida

I’m David, a licensed therapist who creates a calm, supportive space for adults navigating anxiety, stress, relationship challenges, and moments of feeling “stuck.” I know how overwhelming it can feel to start therapy, and I honor the courage it takes to reach out. My approach is grounded in compassion, clarity, and collaboration. Whether you’re feeling unlike yourself, moving through recurring patterns, or simply wanting to reconnect with your sense of direction, I’m here to listen and help you move forward with confidence and care

I work with adults navigating anxiety, stress, and life transitions — those moments when things feel unsteady and you're not quite sure how to move forward. My approach starts with building a warm, genuine relationship where you feel safe to explore what's really going on beneath the surface. From there, I bring in practical tools — often drawing on CBT and coping strategies — so you leave sessions with more than just insight, but real ways to manage day-to-day. As a parent myself, I understand how life's transitions can test us in ways we don't always expect, and I bring that same steadiness and practicality to the people I work with.

Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 24 years of experience with a variety of individuals, partners, and family units. I received my master's degree in social work in 1998 from Florida State University. I am open to work with anyone who has a desire to grow and learn about themselves and others. My shared goal is to partner with folks on informed choice and decision making in life.

Mi nombre es Giliana Peña. Soy psicóloga de formación en Venezuela y Trabajadora Social Clínica Licenciada (LCSW) en Florida, con experiencia acompañando a adultos y adultos mayores en diferentes etapas y desafíos de la vida. Mi trabajo se enfoca en apoyar a personas que enfrentan ansiedad, depresión, duelo, dificultades emocionales y transiciones significativas, incluyendo procesos relacionados con pérdidas, enfermedades y el final de la vida. Ofrezco un espacio cálido y de confianza, con un enfoque personalizado y basado en fortalezas, ayudando a cada persona a comprender mejor lo que está viviendo, desarrollar herramientas para afrontar sus dificultades y avanzar hacia un mayor equilibrio emocional y bienestar.

Hi, I’m Jessica Calabro, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor specializing in EMDR and trauma recovery. I help adolescents and adults manage anxiety, heal from the past, and reconnect with themselves. My choice to become a counselor was deeply personal. I wanted to offer the kind of support I once needed: compassionate, nonjudgmental, and human. My experience spans military, addiction, outpatient psychiatric, and medical settings, including equine therapy, so I’ve seen a lot and bring a grounded perspective to my work. Over the years, I’ve worked with people navigating trauma, anxiety, addiction, depression, grief, and life transitions. My goal is to create a space where you feel understood while we work together toward meaningful change.

My name is Wes Conway (US Army Veteran), and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with a passion for helping individuals navigate and overcome mental health challenges. I am committed to a collaborative partnership with each of you, tailoring treatment to your unique needs and goals, in a non-judgmental and empathetic space where you can find hope and lasting change.

Do you feel overwhelmed, frustrated or misunderstood? I am here to help. I'm Magdhalini, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida with an extensive experience in mental health, disabilities and substance abuse. I have a master’s degree in counseling, and I enjoy working with individuals that need support to overcome daily struggles and life changes. I have experience working with mood disorders including anxiety, depression, and ADHD.

I can’t think of anything more rewarding than helping people heal and get better. I graduated from the New School for Social Research and have practiced with all types of client problems. I welcome each new interaction as a chance to help someone discover who they were really meant to be and how to have a life worth living. I am well-versed in problems of anxiety, depression, and sources of trauma and its relief. I look forward to working with you!

I am Magaly Gomez, a Florida Licensed Mental Health Counselor with an online practice in Weston, Florida. I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship issues, using a blend of traditional talk therapy and mindfulness techniques. My holistic approach emphasizes the mind-body connection, fostering self-acceptance and personal growth. I welcome clients aged 9 to 80 for individual and family counseling. Click the link below to schedule an appointment.

Hi, I’m Dawn Witherspoon, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida. I work with adolescents, adults, couples, and families navigating grief, trauma, anxiety, relationship challenges, and life transitions. My approach is warm, collaborative, and down-to-earth, blending compassion, practical tools, and even humor when appropriate. I strive to create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to move toward healing and growth.

My name is Amanda, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker licensed in Florida, Massachusetts, and Nevada. I graduated from the University of South Florida with a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology, with a concentration in Criminology. I completed my Masters in Social Work from the University of Central Florida. My training includes various modalities, but my approach is often person-centered, strength-based, and solution-focused. I am always seeking to learn more in all areas, in effort to provide the best support that I can to the individuals that I work with.

I have been providing therapeutic services since 2013, working with children, adolescents and adults in community-based care. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Qualified Supervisor. I earned my Bachelor of Arts Degree in Sociology from Hunter College of NYC and my Master of Arts Degree in Mental Health and School Counseling from Webster University. I am bilingual English/Spanish.

Hello, I'm Kristen Price, an LCSW with experience helping individuals navigate life's most challenging transitions. My background in medical social work has given me extensive experience supporting people coping with chronic illness, caregiver stress, anxiety, depression, grief, and loss. My approach is warm, direct, and collaborative. I utilize evidence-based therapies including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing, and Solution-Focused Therapy to help clients gain insight, identify practical solutions, and move toward their goals. It is my belief that therapy should be a supportive space where clients feel heard and understood in addition to being challenged to grow.

I believe that each person is the expert on themselves and my role is to guide you toward a life based on choice and self-acceptance. I work with all ages and specialize in neurodiversity, eating disorders, LGBTQ, anxiety, depression, and learning difficulties. I help parents balance their responsibilities and individual needs. I am always happy to hear about your special interests or passions and encourage self-expression and creativity.

I’m a licensed mental health provider with five years of experience supporting individuals across outpatient, inpatient, hospital, and school settings. This diverse background allows me to understand the full spectrum of mental health needs and to adapt my approach to meet each client exactly where they are. My therapeutic style is direct but gentle. I believe in being honest and clear while still offering compassion, steadiness, and genuine care. Therapy can feel intimidating, especially when you’re exploring long‑held patterns or negative core beliefs. My role is to help you navigate that process with support, curiosity, and even moments of humor. I value creating a space where you can show up authentically, feel understood, and work toward meaningful change at a pace that feels right for you.

I'm Ari'Ton B. Scales, LMHC, Founder of Internal Growth LLC. I provide compassionate, evidence-based therapy for children, adolescents, and adults throughout Florida. I specialize in ADHD, Autism (ASD), anxiety, depression, trauma, life transitions, and parent support. With eight years of experience in mental health, I am committed to creating a safe, supportive space where clients can build resilience, heal, and achieve meaningful personal growth.

I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who has been practicing in the local community since 2011. I began my career working with a non-profit by helping children, teenagers, parents, and couples who struggled with various issues, ranging from learning to cope with day-to-day stressors to healing from major traumas. In the years since then, I’ve helped young adults in college wrestling with academic pressure, newly blended families yearning for harmony, couples searching to renew faded intimacy, and individuals struggling to overcome addictive patterns. This broad range of therapeutic experience has helped me to become well-rounded as a mental health professional.

I am a veteran, a spouse and mother, and a licensed clinical social worker. I have been in this field since 2020, providing therapy to clients with trauma, anxiety, depression, and various other challenges in their lives. I consider myself to be a guide and teacher helping client discover their true worth and strengths so that they can live the life they deserve.

I specialize in helping individuals navigate the challenges of substance use, emotional dysregulation, and life transitions. My work is rooted in evidence-based practices, including Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)—approaches that support real change by combining empathy, skill-building, and a strong therapeutic alliance. With 9 years of clinical experience and lived experience with addiction and family trauma, I bring both professional knowledge and real-world understanding into the therapy room. Above all, I offer a space where you don’t have to explain or justify your struggle—you can just be real. And from that place, we work together to create the life you want to live.

I’m Theo, a licensed therapist focused on creating a safe, trusting space where you can explore challenges and work toward meaningful change. I specialize in evidence-based methods such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Family Therapy, helping you manage anxiety, depression, stress, trauma, and relationship issues. My approach prioritizes safety, collaboration, and clarity, so you feel understood while making tangible progress. I guide you in building coping strategies, strengthening resilience, and navigating life transitions, all within a space designed for security and trust. Sessions are structured yet flexible, ensuring each visit contributes to measurable growth and positive outcomes.

I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) in the state of Florida. I received my Masters from Nova Southeastern University and have been providing counseling and therapeutic services for 8 years. My goal is to provide an individualized approach with the clients I serve. I serve a wide range of individuals from diverse backgrounds and includes teenagers navigating social dynamics and peer relationships to adults experiencing life transitions. I am culturally sensitive to those I serve and also utilize my Caribbean background when working with those of similar culture.

Combining Transformative Justice Practices with Clinical Mental Health Counseling Techniques, Adejare (Ah-Day-Jah-Ray) McMillan, is professionally a Psychotherapist and communally a healer. This South Florida-based speaker, poet, and activist holds a Bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice, Master’s degree in Mental Health Counseling, and is State Licensed as a Mental Health Counselor (LMHC). For the last decade, he has worked with people of all races, lifestyles, and ages — as young as 13 and upwards of 70 years old. Having been a past member of several organizations dedicated to human rights and social justice, Adejare finds time to remain engaged in community activism, advocacy, and organizing — at times, specifically as a Transformative Justice Circle Keeper and Trainer.

I am a Licnesed Mental Health Therapist who wants to help each person find their own authentic voice in their life. I have worked in different fields including grief, behavior, and mental health which has given me different perspectives on the different challenges that we all as humans go through. I seek to help each person find what sparks joy and provides meaning for each person individually.

I received my Master's Degree in Counseling from Wayne State University in 2011. I am experienced in providing a wide variety of therapeutic services including Substance Use, Addictions, Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, and Grief and Loss. I see adults, 18 and over, including elders. I offer both telehealth and in person sessions, whichever works best for you. Making a call is your first step towards feeling better. I look forward to meeting you.

I am a therapist who is passionate about helping people create meaningful and lasting change in their lives. I provide a supportive, collaborative, and direct approach to therapy, helping clients better understand themselves while developing practical tools to move toward their goals. I believe that insight is important, but meaningful growth also comes through action. Activity, movement, and engagement are important parts of my philosophy of well-being, and I encourage clients to explore healthy ways of connecting with themselves, others, and the world around them. Whether you are navigating anxiety, trauma, substance use concerns, relationship challenges, or life transitions, I am excited to partner with you in building a life that feels healthier, more balanced, and aligned with what matters most to you.

I am trained in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and DBT Prolonged Exposure (DBT-PE), and I tailor these evidence-based approaches to meet your unique needs, strengths, and goals. I recognize that every individual’s experiences are different, which is why I take a personalized approach to treatment rather than relying on a one-size-fits-all model. Whether you're navigating everyday stressors or working through more complex challenges, my goal is to help you build practical skills, gain deeper insight, and create meaningful, lasting change. I strive to provide a therapeutic space that is warm, collaborative, and nonjudgmental, where you feel heard, supported, and empowered throughout the healing process.

I am a licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 16 years of experience. I completed my master’s in counseling psychology at Trinity International University, South Florida Campus, in 2008. Graduating from Trinity International University has given me excellent opportunities to deeply integrate my faith into practice, primarily with clients of Christian backgrounds. My counseling experiences include residential, outpatient, and online settings for clients suffering from various mental and social health issues. Being in the counseling field as a licensed mental health therapist over the past several years has equipped me with the skills, knowledge, and abilities to provide the best possible care to all my clients. Experience: Domestic Violence, Trauma, Grief, Anger Management, Self-esteem, Coping with life changes, Abandonment Issues, Homelessness, Chronic Medical Condition, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and balancing life through faith in Jesus Christ.

I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), EMDR trained and trauma certified, specializing in addiction, anxiety, and depression, including clients currently in treatment programs. My practice is built on a person-centered approach — real dialogue, not lectures, and space for you to heal at your own pace. Together, we'll build practical tools tailored to you, while addressing what's underneath the struggle. My goal is to help you heal, repair, and grow into lasting independence and self-trust.

Welcome to Rocky Road Therapy, I’m Raquel (Rocky) and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 5+ years of experience in helping maneuver life’s challenges with greater clarity, confidence, and self-compassion. My approach is direct but warm, collaborative, and down-to-earth. I believe therapy should feel like a genuine conversation where you feel heard, supported, and empowered. I work with teens, adults, veterans, and couples navigating attachment styles and wounds, substance misuse/recovery, grief, guilt & shame, trauma, relationship concerns, life transitions, anxiety, depression, identity loss, codependency, and self-esteem challenges.

As a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Master's-Level Certified Addictions Professional, I bring over 20 years of clinical expertise in treating addiction and relationship issues. I have worked with clients of all races, cultures, and genders. My professional experience includes Inpatient, Residential, Outpatient, and Aftercare therapeutic services. I maintain active community involvement through nonprofit work and dedicate personal time to fishing, restoring old motorcycles and time with my daughter.

I am a licensed clinical social worker with experience providing psychotherapy in outpatient, inpatient, community mental health, veteran services, student counseling, and crisis settings. I work with adults navigating trauma, anxiety, depression, ADHD, relationship challenges, life transitions, and the lasting effects of difficult experiences. My approach is warm, collaborative, and trauma-informed. I believe therapy should be a space where you feel heard, respected, and supported while also being challenged to grow. Together, we will explore patterns that may be keeping you stuck, build practical coping skills, and work toward meaningful and lasting change.

Howard is a highly trained, experienced Licensed Mental Health Counselor, specializing in treating and providing therapy for a co-occurring disorder, dual diagnosis population. Howard has been treating clients from a variety of diverse cultural backgrounds. They struggle with drug/alcohol addiction as well as sexually addictive behaviors, pornography addiction and symptoms associated with depression, anxiety, unresolved trauma, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. ‘I've employed evidenced based treatment modalities for clients since 2008, many of which having an underlying mental health concern or diagnosis (co-occurring disorder) that has not been addressed’. The work Howard does with clients goes beyond relapse prevention and coping skills to ‘survive’. Howard enjoys teaching client’s how to ‘live’. ‘I utilize a ‘systemic’ approach to treating addictions and will teach family member’s how to actively participate in their love ones treatment and at the same time teach them specific techniques to eliminate codependency, as well as maladaptive, dysfunctional and enabling behaviors, to establish healthy boundaries, so the entire family gets well’. We learn from experience how one family member can impact and affect the entire family.

Hi! I’m a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and the Clinical Director of a children’s services agency, where I work with families in crisis to provide immediate tools that foster a sense of safety and ease. I look forward to partnering with you to tap into your existing strengths and skills, helping you overcome obstacles and move confidently toward growth and success.

Welcome! I'm Gustavo, a licensed mental health counselor with 8 years of experience helping individuals navigate life’s challenges. Whether you’re struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, or simply feeling stuck, I am here to provide the support, tools, and understanding you need to move forward. My approach is personalized to meet your unique needs. I work with adults (18+) to create a safe, collaborative environment where you can explore your feelings, gain insights, and develop practical strategies for emotional well-being.

Hi, I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) serving clients virtually throughout Texas and Florida. I specialize in working with adults, high-achievers, and "the strong ones"—the fixers, leaders, and eldest siblings who are used to taking care of everyone else but are secretly running on empty. My primary treatment areas include: Anxiety & Overthinking: Helping you quiet the racing thoughts and find relief from that constant, "on-edge" feeling. Burnout Recovery: Providing practical tools for professionals and caretakers who are emotionally exhausted and operating on fumes. Life Transitions: Navigating the disorienting, messy middle of major life, career, or relationship changes. In our sessions, you don’t need a script; just show up as you are. My style is a collaborative, faith-friendly conversation where we meet your real-world struggles with down-to-earth grace. Together, we will turn your stress and constant overthinking into practical, manageable tools you can use the moment our session ends. You don't have to carry this heavy load alone anymore—let's work through it together.

I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with my PhD in Marriage and Family Therapy in Florida. I received my Masters and PhD at Nova Southeastern University and I have over 25 years experience in working in the mental health and substance abuse fields. My strengths as a clinician are to help individuals and families to gain awareness as to what they are going through and how to make life long positive choices to gain a better sense of themselves.

I strive to create a therapeutic alliance that allows you to feel comfortable in expressing your mental health concerns, and involve the mind, body, and soul in the journey of healing. I will work on allowing the client recognize his/her own solutions and path to greatness. Together, we create the amazing experience of being empowered, which is so powerful. Self discovery and self awareness of one's strengths is the key to open a world that one never knew existed. We try to find that hidden key and access this unbelievable world which is filled with one's positive qualities which ultimately allows one to change around his/her life. You deserve a safe space to heal and grow. In our sessions together, I'll meet you with compassion and evidence-based techniques so you can overcome the hang-ups and habits holding you back. I look forward to guiding you with gaining an understanding of being the best version of yourself & achieve your fullest potential.

I specialize in working with adults and young adults navigating anxiety, ADHD, trauma, addiction and recovery, relationship challenges, and major life transitions. Whether you've recently moved across the country, started a new career, stepped into a leadership role, gotten sober, or are trying to figure out what's next, therapy can provide a space to slow down, gain clarity, and move forward with confidence. I also enjoy working with individuals navigating both traditional and non-traditional relationships, including ethical non-monogamy. For clients who value spirituality, mindfulness, or holistic wellness, I welcome those perspectives into therapy and believe they can be meaningful resources for healing when integrated with evidence-based care. My goal is to create a compassionate, judgment-free environment where you feel supported while developing practical tools for lasting change.

I’m Cassy Dorvilier, a Licensed Mental Health Therapist and Clinical Director with over a decade of experience supporting individuals and families on their journey toward healing and wholeness. My work has spanned social services, outpatient therapy for children, and leadership in trauma-focused residential care—giving me a deep understanding of the unique challenges people face at different stages of life. In our sessions, I create a safe, compassionate space where you can explore your story without judgment. I draw on powerful, evidence-based approaches such as Internal Family Systems (IFS), Inner Child Work, and trauma-informed care to help you understand the parts of yourself, heal emotional wounds, and uncover your inner resilience. Whether you are seeking help as an individual or in a group setting, therapy with me is a collaborative process that supports growth, clarity, and self-compassion. I integrate faith into the therapeutic process—honoring Christian values and belief systems while respecting each person’s spiritual path. Whether you’re a woman seeking self-discovery, a man learning new ways to process and communicate emotions, or a child building coping skills and self-esteem, my goal is to meet you where you are and walk alongside you toward a life of deeper understanding and freedom.

Hello there! I’m Dr. Emily Rose Penna, a Licensed Clinical Psychologist passionate about helping individuals of all ages navigate life’s challenges. Whether you're struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, or work-related stress, I offer a warm, collaborative space where you can feel truly seen and supported. I believe in “doing the work” alongside my clients - leading with honesty, curiosity, and a deep commitment to healing. Together, we’ll explore what’s been bothering you, clarify your goals, and build a path toward meaningful growth. On a personal note, I am told that I am a warm, nature-loving clinical psychologist who proudly embraces her “hippie therapist” identity - I am often found happily roller-skating to 70’s music or crafting creative projects. I try to bring that same free-spirited, grounded energy into all of my work, inspiring others to reconnect with themselves, cultivate inner peace, and live in greater harmony with both their values, nature, and the planet.

I’ve been passionate about psychology since I was eighteen, when I began studying it in Cuba. My mother once told me she had always dreamed of being a psychologist but had to follow another path—and that dream inspired my own. After completing my degree in Cuba, where I worked in inpatient and school settings, I continued my journey in the United States and earned my master’s degree in psychology. Over the years, I’ve worked with children, families, and adults through moments of crisis, grief, and major life transitions. My experience with multidisciplinary teams has taught me to see each person as a whole—emotionally, physically, spiritually, and socially. Healing happens when we look at the full picture of someone’s life, not just their symptoms.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Florida. I have twenty years of experience working with adolescents, women, and families. My therapy practice provides therapeutic life coaching and counseling services to help my clients live a resilient life. I believe with the right tools everyone can build the life they desire. As a parent and school social worker, who has provided intensive outpatient community mental health services I am skilled at assessment and treatment planning.

Hi, and welcome. I’m really glad you’re here. Taking the first step toward healing isn’t always easy, and the fact that you’re exploring support says a lot about your strength. Life can throw unexpected challenges our way, and sometimes those challenges make even the day‑to‑day feel overwhelming. I’m a licensed clinical social worker and qualified supervisor in the state of Florida. Since 2014, I’ve worked as a medical social worker in transplant, dialysis, and with individuals managing complex chronic and behavioral health needs. These experiences have taught me the importance of meeting people exactly where they are and honoring their lived experience. If you’re looking for a provider who will work with you to clarify your goals and create meaningful change, I invite you to schedule an initial consultation.

Hello, my name is Michelle, and I am happy that you are here! Life can be challenging, and some days things may seem completely overwhelming and out of control. As a person-centered counselor, I truly believe that no matter what we may go through, healing and growth is possible. I often remind my clients that they hold the power to create the life that they desire and the change they wish to see. If you are struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, self-esteem, family conflict or grief this is the space for you! I look forward to being on this journey of growth and healing with you.

Welcome. I'm a licensed therapist who believes that healing begins with feeling truly seen and accepted. For more than 20 years, I've had the privilege of walking alongside people through grief, trauma, anxiety, life transitions, and profound loss. As a Certified Thanatologist (Retired) with specialized experience in grief and end-of-life care, I offer a gentle, compassionate space where you don't have to carry life's hardest moments alone. Together, we'll move at your pace, drawing from evidence-based therapy, mindfulness, somatic practices, and your own inner strengths to help you find hope, healing, and renewed purpose.

Hello, my name is Kimberly and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 10+ year of experience. I have worked with a variety of populations ranging from 2 years old to 80 years old. I have worked with individuals who have a variety of mental health conditions as well as those who have experienced life challenges and transitions. I am currently taking on 5-10 clients and specializing in ADHD, Depression, Anxiety, and providing support to those in need.

Hi there! Im Stephanie, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor based in New York, who is also licensed in Florida and Texas. I hold a Master's degree from CUNY John Jay College of Criminal Justice and have over 10 years of experience working with individuals and families. I specialize in helping individuals manage anxiety and anxiety. I help others navigate interpersonal conflicts, support parents through the challenges of parenting, and assist couples in strengthening their relationships.

I’m Dr. Monica Rodriguez, a bilingual licensed psychologist with over 14 years of experience helping clients heal, grow, and reconnect with their inner strength. I specialize in supporting clients struggling with low self-esteem, anxiety, and emotional wounds, offering a compassionate, empowering space where you can feel seen, heard, and supported. My goal is to help you build a more loving relationship with yourself and create a life that feels aligned and meaningful.

Hi! I'm Jennifer, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Florida native, and school social worker who is passionate about helping teens, young adults, and adults navigate life's challenges with confidence. Working in a school setting has given me extensive experience supporting adolescents, young adults, and families through anxiety, stress, life transitions, relationship challenges, and the everyday pressures that can feel overwhelming. My goal is to provide a warm, supportive, and judgment-free space where you feel comfortable being yourself. Together, we'll identify what's keeping you stuck, build on your strengths, and develop practical strategies to help you create meaningful, lasting change.

I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 28 years of experience helping individuals and families navigate life's challenges. I earned my Master's degree from Florida State University, where I trained in a variety of clinical settings, including hospitals, schools, assisted living facilities, and hospice care. These experiences have given me a broad perspective and the ability to support clients through many different stages of life and circumstances.