Therapists in California

Are you looking for nonjudgmental listening, do you struggle with anxiety and worry over daily living, do you need support in a phase of life struggle? Through an initial assessment we will work together on developing your goals to support growth to better living. You will receive compassionate listening that provides a nonjudgmental space to work through challenges that you may be going through. I specialize in children, youth, and families dealing with depression, anxiety, ADHD, and mood disorders. I have been providing therapeutic services to youth and families since 2009 when I started working in the school system providing therapy to students through their IEP. Currently, I have been in private practice since 2018 providing therapy to adults and youth utilizing Solution Focused, CBT, and DBT therapy styles in my practice supporting patients with mood disorders, depression, anxiety and life transitions. In my tele therapy practice, I have moved away from working with patients under 16 as I find that in-person therapy is more effective for younger children. I received my Master's Degree from California State Long Beach and earned my licensure hours through the Los Angeles Unified School District. My hope for patients is for them to be able to learn skills that will help them move forward from current challenges on their own. I do not provide assessment or completion of paperwork or forms for work disability or emotional support animals.

Hi there, I am Alberto. I believe each individual is unique, and I want to help you uncover your strengths to create a life worth living. I strive to create a comfortable, non-judgmental environment for you to discuss what is bothering you. Through various evidence-based practice interventions, I will help you work through the emotions and behaviors preventing you from achieving your life goals. Seeking therapy can be scary, and I am here to make this experience pleasant. Let's work together!

Hello! I'm Gustavo Olvera and I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT), serving clients via telehealth throughout the State of California. My long-time approach to therapy is to meet the client where they are and work with them to identify goals that will help them improve their quality of life. I believe that we all have the potential to succeed in life and the potential to achieve greatness. A healthy mind is key to success, as we often have to make critical decisions daily. I believe we can all achieve our desired goals by increasing and maintaining a positive outlook on our mental health. What attracted me to wanting to become a therapist was my true and honest desire to help others. Seeing how clients benefit from therapy, seeing how clients can truly overcome their mental illness, and seeing how clients can return to normal and healthy day-to-day living is what drives me to continue to do the work that I do. Today I invite you, to allow yourself to start your journey to a better tomorrow; I am inviting you to take a chance. Sadly we can't change what happened yesterday, nor do we know what will happen tomorrow, but we can hope for a better tomorrow by making positive decisions today.

Change is hard, not having the tools, direction and support make the process even harder. I can help you identify areas that may be keeping you stuck. I also provide wellness and behavioral health coaching in addition to traditional therapy. The atmosphere that is created in the therapy session is one of warmth, safety, and acceptance. I have a straightforward, interactive approach to treatment. I am passionate about my work and strongly believe in the healing benefits of therapy. Reach out to me, I’d love to help you help heal, connect, & thrive. Together we can create the life you want.

A warm welcome to you! I've been a therapist for many years, have a master’s degree in social work from UC Berkeley, and draw upon a depth of life and work experience in our work together. You are the expert in you and I am your ally and resource. We team up and collaborate in meeting your goals and freeing you up to be the best version of yourself. Whether your goal is to figure out your career path, get your mood on an even-keel, tame your inner critic, or to move through your grief, I'm here for you.

Lynda is specialized in assisting individuals, couples & families with preventive, motivational & management strategies to help establish/maintain healthy and fulfilling lifestyles. She strives to create a safe & nurturing atmosphere where clients can feel supported in their efforts to grow with change & become reconnected to their strengths and life goals.

Hi. I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist. I have been treating individuals and couples for over 15 years. I love working with individuals who need support in their life transitions and are looking to make meaningful changes in their lives. I genuinely want to hear your life story. I want to support you in developing a path forward.

Hello, I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 22 years of experience in psychotherapy. I hold a Master's degree in Social Work and dual MBAs in Finance and Cybersecurity. Based in California, my practice has been enriched by my extensive travels and a deep appreciation for nature and hiking. I have had the privilege of working with a diverse population, providing tailored psychotherapy to meet a wide range of mental health needs. My approach is informed by a blend of professional expertise and personal insights, aiming to offer compassionate, effective care to each of my clients.

Professional with over thirty experience collectively in mental health/clinic-based care and in an educational capacity. Bilingual fluency in both English and Spanish. Extensive work experience with culturally diverse populations throughout San Diego County and Ventura County. Knowledgeable in working with co-occurring disorders, substance abuse and a variety of mental health disorders. Licensed Marriage and Family Counselor since an intern in 2006.

Are you struggling with anxiety or feelings of depression? As a California Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), I can help guide you through these uncomfortable feelings and support you in reaching your mental health goals. I graduated in 2016 from California State University, Northridge, with a Master of Science in Counseling, Option in Marriage and Family Therapy. I have worked among many different clinical settings (schools, substance use disorder treatment, crisis settings, and private practice). My goal is to guide you to develop tools and insights to help you navigate life's challenges and lead your most fulfilling life.

Hello. I am a California Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor that is living in Florida. I am also licensed in Florida and Idaho. I have worked in the mental health field in various roles since 2010. My desire to work with clients stems from always having a desire to help those suffering. I believe that mental health treatment needs to be uniquely individualized to meet the unique needs of each person. This may mean treatment that is culturally sensitive, or just meets the person where they are at regarding their motivation for change.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who has been practicing for seven years in a nationally recognized outpatient healthcare clinic. After completing my Bachelor’s degree in psychology at Chapman University, I decided to change careers and pursue a Master’s degree in Clinical Psychology with an emphasis in Marriage and Family Therapy. Working for the clinic has provided an extraordinary learning environment and allowed me to benefit from collaboration with amazing clinicians who share my passion to help others.

Hi...I am a Marriage and Family Therapist working out of San Diego with 16 years experience in severe mental health, private practice, and working with Military dealing with everything from Couples Counseling, Anxiety, Depression, Addiction/Recovery, OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder), Trauma, Family Therapy, and working with Adolescents. I'm a former College football player with a 13 year old son who is my everything. I love football and sports and enjoy exercise and being outdoors as my hobbies. More importantly, I'm a Christian believer who does not like religion, if that makes any sense. I believe that love conquers a lot, and my therapy style is a very laid back and relaxed approach with absolutely no judgment, but with great love and understanding.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in California. I received my Masters from California State University, Fresno and have been practicing for 29+ years. I love helping people who feel stuck in life due to anxiety and depression. I help clients develop self-insight based on their strengths and areas of interest. By doing so, they are able to overcome negative thoughts and self-defeating behaviors and to identify goals to move toward.

As a licensed therapist of more than thirty years, I have the experience and expertise to work with clients on a variety of issues. I provide a safe therapeutic environment that builds trust and openness. Clients who engage in the counseling process discover new energy for life and relationships. This results in positive change and increased self-awareness. I’m actively involved in the sessions, providing guidance, structuring interventions, and setting goals. Positive change happens one step at a time, trusting that life can get better. I also have expertise in anger management/domestic violence treatment.

Hello! I’m a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) (LCPC) (LPC) (LCMHC) (LMHC) based in Arizona. I am licensed in various states. I received my Masters from Avila University in Kansas City and have been practicing for over a decade. I have adults struggling with life problems and aid them in regaining control over worry, panic, fear, or dread in order to become the best version of themselves.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, in California. I obtained my master's degree in social work from Virginia Commonwealth University. I've been practicing for more than 20 years. I have a lot of experience working with adults with anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders. My clients are very motivated to improve and need support and understanding to get to where they want to be and to live a fuller life.

My career as a classroom teacher, assistant principal and university professor served me well in my current practice as a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I earned my Doctorate in Education/Ed.D. from Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale, FL. As a university professor, I became the Multiple Subject Program Director, Graduate Reading Director, and Supervisor of Student Teachers with both national and international publications.

Kudos on taking this first step toward change! I am a licensed psychologist, licensed marriage and family therapist, and an international parenting, divorce, and coparenting coach. You can read my full bio here: family-options.com/dr-tracy-mallett-bio. I have been working with single adults, couples, children and families for over 20 years. My clients learn to overcome issues such as anxiety, depression, stress, and trauma; poor self-worth; relationship struggles; and many other challenges in their lives. I have expertise working with couples and families in conflict, or who are struggling with communication. I am Level II trained in the Gottman Method, and utilize this extensively with couples. My clients report successes such as trauma recovery; anxiety and depression reduction; managing existential and identity issues; gaining peace of mind; reducing stress; and controlling anger. I have counseled in mental health, addiction treatment, and criminal justice settings. I have a private practice in south Florida (family-options.com), where I supervise master's level mental health counseling and psychology trainees. In addition to Florida, I am licensed as a psychologist in Arizona and Iowa, and am a PSYPACT credentialed clinician, having obtained an Authority to Practice Interjurisdictional Telepsychology (APIT) from the PSYPACT Commission, which also allows me to serve clients via telehealth in most US states. I also teach graduate-level courses in ethics, disaster and trauma response, abnormal behavior, community counseling, and criminal behavior, and I mentor graduate dissertation students in forensic psychology.

Hello. I am a Clinical Psychologist. I am licensed in California and in Arizona. I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and other evidence based treatment methods to achieve long term sustainable change with my clients. I hold a Master’s of Science in Clinical Psychology as well as a Psy.D. ( Psychology Doctorate). I have been in practice for over 10 years with my practice focusing on Addiction, Mood Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD.

As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California, I am deeply committed to supporting individuals on their journey toward mental wellness and personal growth. I earned my Master’s degree from California State University East Bay and bring over six years of experience in community mental health, where I have built a strong foundation in various therapeutic modalities. I look forward to partnering with you on your path to healing and self-discovery.

Hi I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist (LMFT) i have been working with children, families, couple and individuals in the mental health field for over 10 years i have been providing therapy in a community based setting for over 5 years. I believe in a mind body/ holistic approach while providing an individualized service based off of your individual needs.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have my Master’s Degree in Marriage and Family Therapy and my Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology. I have been providing direct therapy since 2012. I have experience in the mental health field in office based therapy, school-based therapy, non-profits, community mental health, enrichment classes, and group homes since 2009. I have specialized experience working with many types of mental health, emotional and behavioral issues. I have experience working with individuals with anxiety, impulse control disorders, ADHD, depression, life transitions, adjustment disorders, stress, young adult hood, perinatal mental health, postpartum, college life, parenting difficulties, emotional dysregulation and relationship concerns. I use a wide range of psychotherapy modalities based on the individuals need. The sessions are focused on you and I am there with you every step. PLEASE KEEP IN MIND. I CHARGE A $75 LATE CANCELLATION FEE FOR APPOINTMENTS CANCELED LESS THAN 24 HOURS. FULL PAYMENT $150 FOR NO SHOW APPOINTMENT

With more than 25 years experience in helping adults improve their relationships and manage interpersonal stressors, my clinical strengths include treating mood disorders, and addressing self-injurious and self-sabotaging behaviors. I provide a therapeutic space to enhance your motivation and to get “unstuck”. I offer you a safe, non-judgmental space to process your feelings, thoughts and behaviors and help you explore alternative actions you can take in response to the stressors you are facing. Restoring clients to a state of physical, mental and emotional health is the most rewarding aspect of my practice and I rely heavily on the latest advances in behavioral science to ensure my clients continue to receive the best therapeutic services available. Visit my website at www.valued-directions.com to find out more about my approach to therapy

My work focuses on targeting ineffective behaviors, habits, and beliefs around anxiety and depression. I believe in taking a collaborative approach to helping clients reach their goals. My approach to therapy varies based on the needs of each client I work with. I most frequently use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy as both modalities help me and the client build a shared understanding of their reality, and allow us to work together to chart a path forward.

Hi, I am a LMFT based in California! I have my Master's degree from National University and have been in the behavioral health field for 17 years. I have found a passion in helping those in crisis, struggling with self-esteem, relational challenges, athletic performance and mood/eating disorders. I want to be able to make change and guide those to focus on thought patterns, feelings and emotions to challenging situations and improve their daily living.

Hello. I chose to become a therapist after recognizing its value as a tool for managing life's challenges. I am committed to fostering self-growth and exploration. I aim to support others in their personal development journeys! **Lastly, if you do not see that I accept your insurance on the Grow platform, I may through Headway. My headway link is included on this profile.**

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in individual, couples and family therapy. As a graduate of Antioch University Los Angeles specializing in Marriage and Family Therapy, I am currently serving as private practitioner working with a broad spectrum of clients. Among my areas of expertise are romantic, work and social relationships, compulsive gambling and other kinds of addictions, , self esteem, life and social skills, depression, anxiety, trauma and various mood and personality disorders. In addition to being a passionate and compassionate therapist, I went through extensive training at Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior at UCLA where I received a hands-on experience as a research assistant at PEERS treatment program working with teenagers and young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders. I was also trained to treat individuals with dual diagnosis at Residential Dual Diagnosis Treatment Center Beit T'Shuvah, Los Angeles where I worked with individuals, families and ran groups specializing in compulsive gambling. I am also a current member of California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists. I am an interactive, solution-focused therapist and my eclectic therapeutic approach primarily consists of evidence- based treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy. My goal is to provide support and practical feedback to help clients effectively address personal life challenges. I integrate complementary methodologies and techniques to offer a highly personalized approach tailored to each client. With compassion and understanding, I work with each individual to help them build on their strengths and attain the personal growth they are committed to accomplishing.

Hello - I am an LCSW serving the adult population in the state of California. I earned my MSW degree from San Jose State University and have been licensed for 12 years. I work with clients from a strength based perspective and offer knowledge/skills to support in increasing functioning and efficacy. I believe in mindfulness practices and making the most of each moment thus moving away from depressive and anxious thoughts. I also excel in increasing self esteem/compassion and improving relationships to self and others. I hope to see you on my schedule and look forward to working with you!

Hi, I am a Marriage and Family Therapist licensed in California for 20 years and I hold a doctorate degree in the Philosophy of Counseling. I am in my second marriage for 29 years now, after my 24-year first marriage failed. We have seven children between the two of us, 31 grandchildren, and 5 great-grandchildren. I have had good success counseling couples who have given up on their relationship, especially those who have experienced infedelity. I don't counsel children until they are 18. I enjoy helping people understand how they became the way they are and therfore find ways to leave dysfunction behind.

Hello! I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist practicing in California. I earned my master’s degree in clinical psychology from Antioch University – Los Angeles. I received my license in 2020, and work with adults, adolescents and seniors. At present, I meet clients in-person or virtually for couples and individual therapy. Often people seek therapy when they are going through a rough patch. We can work together to navigate, and attempt to improve the situation by applying coping strategies, reviewing options., and other techniques.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of California. I have worked as a therapist for the past 12 years. As a first generation Vietnamese American with immigrant parents, my life experiences of growing up in two very different cultures have taught me ways to navigate through cross-cultural conflicts and have the ability to respond to individuals, couples, and families from diverse cultural systems with compassion and understanding. As a therapist, I empower individuals to draw upon their strengths, heal holistically, and self-love. I will encourage and provide a safe space for you to explore, heal, and have the courage to move forward on a journey toward self-discovery, growth, confident, and love. It will help you become more resilience, improve self-worth, and a healthy deep connection with others.

I use a client centered approach in therapy sessions. I am here to listen to your words and be understanding, I will also provide feedback as needed. You can count on a nonjudgmental, safe and confidential space. It has been a privilege to work with adults, families, and children. I look forward to joining you in discovering all that life has to offer.

Hello! I'm a Licensed Clinical Psychologist based in California. I received my Doctorate of Psychology (Psy.D.) from the California Professional School of Psychology (CSPP) at Alliant International University in 2017. I have been practicing in settings like the California Department of Corrections and the Department of Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System for seven years. My experience is primarily with adults who have a severe mental illness, or merely symptoms that are disrupting their sense of wellness and are a barrier to their happiness.

Hi! I am a licensed marriage and family therapist based in California. I received an M.S. in Counseling/Marriage, Family, and Child Therapy from the University of Phoenix in 2016. I have 8 years of experience treating a variety of mental health conditions (including anxiety, depression, and post traumatic stress disorder) and assisting clients in navigating major life changes and challenges. I am also EMDR trained.

Hello, I’m Maria Simental, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years of experience in mental health. At Grow Therapy, I strive to create a warm and welcoming environment where you feel safe to share your thoughts and feelings without judgment. I use a variety of therapeutic approaches tailored to your unique needs, including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, compassion-focused therapy, and trauma-informed care. By integrating these methods, I help you explore your emotions, challenge negative thought patterns, and build resilience. My goal is to empower you to tap into your inner strengths and navigate life’s challenges with confidence. I believe that everyone has the capacity for growth, and I’m here to support you every step of the way. Together, we can work toward meaningful change, helping you lead a more fulfilling and authentic life. Your journey is important, and I’m genuinely committed to walking alongside you on this path.

I have an ability to connect with people in a very real and empathic way. I will try to understand who you are and meet you where you are to develop plans to help you achieve your goals. I use CBT, EMDR and Psychodynamic techniques to assist you with developing a plan of care for you. I have a wealth of knowledge working in all levels of mental health care and all age groups.

Hi! I'm Susanna Franchi. I have been working in the mental health field a total for twenty years. I received my Master of Science in Counseling with a specialization in Marriage and Family Therapy from California State University, Northridge. I am a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I am very dedicated in doing my best work in sessions with clients to help them improve and lead satisfied lives. It has been rewarding seeing my clients improve and grow which has given me continued motivation to continue my work as a therapist.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who is licensed in California and Arizona; I have been working with clients since 2006. I enjoying working with all sorts of populations including people struggling with anxiety, mood disorders (depression and bipolar disorder), men's issues and eating disorders. I believe we all have the capacity to change and grow, and we each have times in our life where we need a little bit of extra help. I hope to help you to reconnect with yourself and with others in your life.

Chronic pain is a false alarm. "Try putting ice on it. Try putting heat on it. Try sleeping on a giant magnet. Just ignore it." Some things are impossible to ignore. Pain is designed to be unignorable. When your body tells you there's a problem, it makes sure you listen. Pain helps protect our bodies from harm. Pain is like a conversation between body and brain. But as in any conversation, sometimes there are misunderstandings. You want your life back. Pain Reprocessing Therapy can help. I had suffered with chronic pain for many years, until Pain Reprocessing Therapy cured my chronic pain. I am excited to bring this relief to others! In 15 sessions or less, let me offer hope, and a way out. You have been ignored, gaslighted, and drained of your cash over many years of unsuccessful remedies for your pain. Pain Reprocessing Therapy targets learned neural pathways in the brain, and reverses them. If you have a diagnosed or suspected mental health condition, PRT is still effective.

You have the wisdom and power to bring change and peace into your life, and I am here to help you find your strengths and reclaim your power. Using a client-centered, straight-forward and empathetic approach, I can help you confront and integrate painful experiences so you can move forward as the hero in your own story, healing the root along with the symptom and taking all aspects of life and the environment into consideration. Together, we will build your self-worth and find confidence within your Self as you navigate life and all of its complex transitions. Specializing in complex trauma and the abandonment wound as both a personal survivor and clinical professional, I have over a decade of experience providing trauma-informed educational services, mental/emotional health therapy, and grief counseling to all age groups from elementary-aged children to elders transitioning into death. Services I provide include: strengths-based talk therapy, art/creative therapy, psychoeducation/coping skills, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), Depth/Jungian psychotherapy, and shadow work.

Hi my name is Mylan (Me-lawn) Allen. I approach therapy with authenticity and curiosity using person centered and cognitive based therapeutic modalities. My clients develop a deeper sense of self and understanding of their environment when working with me. I help my clients build their resilience by learning to challenge their thoughts, identify their feelings and recognize patterns and behaviors.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I am bilingual in Spanish and have over 20 years of experience working with individuals and families helping them learn coping skills and grow. I work with adults struggling with anxiety, trauma, depression, career stress, substance misuse, and burnout. I ONLY see people virtually. In addition, I have experience working with families in the child protective services, not limited to foster care, adoption, and case planning.

Welcome to your first step into a new therapeutic journey. I aim to create a safe, compassionate therapeutic environment that allows you to explore strengths and empower you to have more control over your life. I have helped clients gain new skills and explore experiences that can get in the way of their current happiness. Whether they are struggling with depression, anxiety, identity, and/or relationships, I focus on helping clients feel happier and more confident in their everyday lives. After graduating from Northwestern University with a Master of Science in Marriage and Family Therapy, I have spent the last four years helping people struggling with acute depression and anxiety symptoms as well as any other symptom that has significantly impacted their lives. I have helped clients make life-changing steps toward recovery to create the lives they want to live.

I'm so glad you found your way here. Seeking treatment is an indication of being ready for change and having a new experience of life. I'm an insight oriented therapist meaning I assist clients in illuminating their inner workings and wounds that have created struggles in their lives. I work at a level of healing and empowering with the intention to offer guidance rather than to instruct. You are the expert of your life. Together we take a look at what needs to be addressed and resolved then move into recognizing one's own strengths, value, and worth. This allows individuals to move into greater appreciation and acceptance of self. I have worked for several years with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families with a strong focus on personal acceptance, self-compassion, and resolution of internal conflicts based in trauma, depression, anxiety, stress, relationship strain, or lack of direction and focus in one’s life. I specialize in substance abuse and addiction treatment. Having been in recovery for 10 years myself, I understand the journey of ending the cycle of self destruction and moving to a place of healing and greater peace.

Hello, I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in California with six years of experience in the mental health field. My journey as a therapist is fueled by a deep passion for personal growth, empathy, and professional dedication. I am committed to supporting individuals from all walks of life, helping them navigate challenges—big or small—and empowering them to become the best version of themselves.

Hi, I’m Lainie. I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I specialize in helping clients recover from emotionally confusing relationships—whether with partners, family, or religious systems. My clients often come to therapy feeling anxious, self-doubting, or like they’ve lost touch with their own voice. I use a gentle, affirming approach that blends parts work (IFS-informed), mindfulness, and trauma-informed care to help you reconnect with your intuition and build a life that feels like yours again.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Therapist with a passion for helping individuals heal and grow. I have a Master's in Counseling and over 5 years of experience supporting clients through life’s challenges. I specialize in trauma, anxiety, and relationship issues, using approaches like CBT, ACT, and Internal Family Systems (IFS) to help clients build self-awareness, resilience, and emotional well-being. My goal is to create a safe, supportive space where you can process your thoughts and emotions, develop healthier coping strategies, and live a more meaningful life.

Everyone's journey is different and that is why I tailor my approach to meet your unique needs and goals. I specialize in helping individuals navigate anxiety, depression, life transitions, trauma, and relationship challenges. Therapy is not about having all the answers. It is about creating space to ask the right questions, explore what matters and building a stronger, more grounded version of yourself. Whether you are looking for clarity, direction, or simply someone to walk alongside you for bit, I am here to assist you in making meaningful progress.

Greetings! I am Dr. Errie Bohanon, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 21 years of combined expertise in Social Services and Forensic Mental Health. With a deep commitment to empowering individuals, I specialize in helping people navigate life’s challenges, overcome obstacles, and achieve meaningful personal growth. Whether you're seeking support for mental health, personal development, or guidance through complex life transitions, I am here to provide compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to your unique needs. My approach is rooted in understanding your story, fostering resilience, and creating a safe, nonjudgmental space where you can thrive. Together, we’ll work toward clarity, healing, and lasting change