My name is Andrea. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Qualified Supervisor in the state of FL and NY. I have over 14 years of experience working with children and adults in inpatient and outpatients settings, including corrections. I was raised in NY by West Indian (Caribbean)/Asian parents. I then moved to FL where I earned my BA in Psychology and Masters in Mental Health Counseling. My passion is helping others figure out this crazy thing called life, and learn how to live with more satisfaction. My approach to therapy is person centered. This means it will be tailored to each person's specific needs. I enjoy building rapport with my patients to help encourage a healthy therapeutic relationship and allow my patients to feel as comfortable as possible. So whether it's anxiety, depression, or trauma etc., let's figure this out together!

Hi! I am Linda Edwards. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor. I work with adults and couples with various challenges such as addiction recovery, depression, anxiety, grief, and trauma. I prioritize creating a safe environment, where clients are encouraged to express themselves freely. My approach adapts depending on what my client is facing, and the goals and objectives they have. I aspire to build awareness towards improvement in overall mental health. I look forward to working together promptly!

I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who helps adults navigate anxiety, stress, life transitions, and relationship challenges. I specialize in working with men but also support individuals from all backgrounds who want practical tools to improve their mental health. My goal is to create a supportive, structured space where clients can develop insight, build coping skills, and make meaningful progress in their lives.

I am a caring counselor with 10 years of experience in helping individuals navigate their emotional and mental health journeys. My approach is compassionate, client-centered, and tailored to meet each person's unique needs. I specialize in supporting clients through challenges such as anxiety, depression, life transitions, and self-esteem issues. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive space where you can explore your feelings, gain insights, and develop effective coping strategies to create a more fulfilling life. I help people cut through confusion to discover what truly matters in their relationships and lives. Whether you're a couple caught in repetitive conflicts, or an individual navigating life transitions, my approach combines intellectual depth, genuine warmth, and practical structure to create lasting, measurable change.

I’m Elsie DaCruz, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) dedicated to helping individuals and couples find balance, healing, and clarity. I create a warm, supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts and emotions freely. My approach combines practical tools with genuine empathy, helping clients strengthen self-awareness, improve emotional regulation, and build healthier relationships. I work collaboratively to empower clients toward growth, resilience, and lasting change.

Hello, I am a LCSW who has been working within the field for over 10 years providing me with a wide variety of knowledge and experience with many different clients. Life is not always easy or exactly how we wish it to be, and there comes a time when everyone needs help and support. I am here to help. If you are struggling with emotions, life changes, stress, relationships, family, loss reach out and let's start working together. Or, if you simply want to change yourself, your life, or a part of your life, I can absolutely help. If you are mandated to treatment for any type of behavioral problem, anger management, or addiction schedule an appointment and let's get started. I look forward to meeting you and working with you to achieve the goals you have in mind.

I am Anya, a Licensed Mental Health Counselor fluent in English and Russian, with conversational Ukrainian. I specialize in individual therapy for adults and couples therapy, drawing from modalities including Internal Family Systems (IFS), Relational Life Therapy (RLT), CBT, DBT, Gestalt, and Positive Psychology. My approach is integrative and tailored to each client's unique needs, whether you're navigating relationship challenges, anxiety, depression, or personal growth. I'm licensed in New York, Connecticut and Florida, and I'm passionate about helping clients develop deeper self-awareness and healthier patterns in their relationships and lives.

I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who blends warmth, honesty, direct feedback, and evidence-based strategies to help clients feel more grounded and in control of their lives. I work with people navigating anxiety, stress, and big life transitions, and I focus on giving you practical tools you can use right away while still holding space for deeper reflection and growth.

I’m a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with 8 years of experience working with diverse populations across a variety of settings. I’m passionate about helping individuals navigate life’s challenges while building confidence, resilience, and a stronger sense of self. I bring a supportive but gently challenging style to therapy where I will I’ll validate you, but I’ll also help you challenge yourself. Growth isn’t always comfortable, and sometimes a little lightness and motivation helps us face the difficult things. My goal is to create a space where you feel empowered, understood, and pushed in the best way to become the most confident version of yourself.

I am a counselor with four years of experience offering practical, honest, and compassionate therapy. My approach is straightforward and collaborative, helping clients recognize unhelpful patterns, build effective coping skills, and create meaningful change. I believe people already have the strengths they need to grow, and I’m here to support and guide that process. I also specialize in working with athletes, helping them work through all types of challenges—such as performance pressure, perfectionism, injuries, confidence struggles, identity issues, and life transitions. I help athletes develop mental resilience and emotional wellbeing that are as strong as their physical abilities. I want them to feel as confident in their inner world as they do in their physical performance, and I empower them with tools they can use in their daily lives—on the field, in competition, and beyond.

I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who believes therapy should feel supportive, collaborative, and grounded in real life. I am a good fit for clients who value collaboration and are open to exploring how their thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and past experiences influence their current challenges. My approach is strengths-based, trauma-informed, and culturally responsive, and I tailor treatment to each client’s unique needs, goals, and pace. If you are looking for a therapist who provides a supportive, nonjudgmental space while also offering practical strategies and evidence-based care, I may be a good fit for you.

I am a licensed mental health provider in the state of New York. I work with clients with many concerns, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, career challenges, OCD, and ADHD. I also help many people who have experienced physical trauma or emotional abuse. My counseling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating everyone with dignity, respect, sensitivity, and compassion. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, rational-emotive counseling, motivational, and solution-focused therapy.

I would like to introduce myself. I am a therapist with over 20 years of experience working in the counseling field. I earned my Master’s in Counseling Psychology from Gannon University. My career has spanned diverse clinical settings, giving me a broad perspective on mental health. I have been told by clients that I am easy to talk to and create a safe, trusting space in sessions. I have a small family that I love to spend time with. Personally, I love to be outdoors as much as I can and have many outdoor hobbies. I enjoy working as a mental health therapist; I find the process of exploration and people's growth to be fulfilling.

I’m a licensed clinical social worker with a background in outpatient mental health and substance use treatment. I work with individuals dealing with anxiety, depression, substance use, and life stress. My approach is direct, structured, and focused on real change, using CBT and practical strategies to build coping skills and stability. I also support court-involved clients and provide a straightforward, culturally aware space to help you move forward.

Hi, I’m Melissa Salce, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and founder of Revive Psychotherapy. I provide culturally sensitive, trauma-informed therapy for individuals and couples navigating anxiety, relationship challenges, life transitions, and the lasting impact of past experiences. My approach is collaborative, compassionate, and practical. I strive to create a safe space where you feel heard and understood, while also helping you develop concrete tools to manage stress, improve communication, and build healthier patterns. My goal is to support meaningful, lasting change that aligns with your values and personal growth.

Hi and Bienvenido! Therapy is about having a space where you can feel heard and supported without judgement. My goal is to walk alongside you as you work through life's challenges-whether that's grief, anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, or major transitions. I believe it is important to be encouraging and supporting during the client's stage of life and helping build practical tools for change.

I have been working as a psychotherapist for 20 years and in a variety of settings before that. I enjoy working with all ages and through different hands on methods that evoke thoughtfulness. Activities for children and adults help clients determine obstacles and ways to overcome them. I am open to working individually and in groups with couples and families.

Hi, I’m Samantha, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker committed to creating a safe, compassionate space where clients can feel understood and supported. I work with children, teens, and adults experiencing anxiety, trauma, emotional regulation challenges, and life stress. Using a blend of trauma informed care and attachment-based approaches, I help clients gain confidence, develop new skills, and create meaningful changes that support long-term wellness.

EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is an evidence-based therapy designed to help individuals process and resolve distressing memories and experiences. It uses bilateral stimulation, such as guided eye movements or alternating tapping, to support the brain’s natural healing process. EMDR helps reduce the emotional intensity of traumatic or overwhelming experiences while strengthening more adaptive beliefs about oneself. This structured approach is effective for trauma, anxiety, depression, and other stress-related concerns, allowing clients to experience relief without needing to repeatedly relive the event in detail.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in the state of New York and Indiana. I have a Masters degree in Clinical Psychology from Antioch University-Los Angeles. Previously, I had a 30 year career in the Film & Television industry. My passions were, the Film business & Psychology. I said to myself, the day I become disinterested in the Film business, I'll go to graduate school, get my degree in psychology and become a psychotherapist. That day came and here I am. I have been practicing since 2009.

I’m Jinese Haskins, LCSW, a licensed clinical social worker dedicated to creating a safe and authentic space where healing feels possible. My goal is to help clients feel seen, supported, and empowered to create lasting change at their own pace and in their own way. Whether you’re managing life transitions, stress, anxiety, or simply trying to rediscover yourself, I believe therapy should meet you where you are. Together, we’ll explore your story, uncover your strengths, and build practical tools that help you move forward with confidence and clarity.

Taking the first step toward personal growth is a brave and meaningful decision, and I’m here to support you on that journey. I hold a Master’s in Psychology from St. Francis College and a Certificate of Advanced Study in Mental Health Counseling from Alfred University. As a Clinical Supervisor, I have had the privilege of supporting individuals through life's challenges and mentoring future therapists. I specialize in working with people who are ready to look inward, whether you're navigating anxiety, healing from trauma, or simply trying to understand yourself more fully. My goal is to create a space where you feel safe to explore what you’re carrying without judgment, shame, or pressure to fix yourself. With training in trauma-informed care, multicultural counseling and psychopathology, I bring both heart and skill to the work that we'll do together.

In my practice I value wellness for the mind and body. A comfortable and safe environment are my priorities, as we work towards meaningful personal and relational changes together. I rely heavily on body and nervous system focused practices, mindfulness and intentionality, as well as healing, relational, and experiential strategies. I will come alongside you to guide you towards connection, growth, and embodiment.

I have been a New York State Licensed Clinical Social Worker since graduating Columbia University in 1983. Subsequently, I completed 2 fellowships one in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and the other in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy at The Postgraduate Center and Center For Rational Emotive Therapy, under Dr. Albert Ellis, in New York City. I have had extensive training in family and couples counseling and I am successful in creating change for my clients.

Hello I'm Madelynne, My training and experience has instilled in me a strong belief in my clients' ability to change their lives with support, understanding and compassion. My journey in this field is driven by my passion for facilitating safe experiences for clients' growth, and I feel fortunate to be able to continue to work with clients to gain valuable insights and to assist them on their own life's journey. I believe it is critically important to establish and build mutual trust in the therapeutic relationship and I prioritize this in sessions.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of New York and received my Masters in Social Welfare from Stony Brook University. I have been practicing for 10 years with diverse populations, including those most vulnerable among us - those who have experienced justice-involvement or homelessness. I practice out of the relational model which is type of therapy that focuses on the importance of relationships and how they affect a person's well-being.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and have worked with individuals and couples seeking counseling for over 9 years, both online and in private practice. It is my pleasure to have the privilege of working with you. In providing psychotherapy my goal is to support and empower Clients to resolve concerns/challenges and to gain skills to use going forward. I offer a confidential and safe space where you can feel comfortable discussing your concerns which may include feelings of anxiety or depression or feeling stuck and unsure as to how you can move forward.

I’m a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who specializes in trauma-informed, attachment-focused care for individuals. I support clients who feel emotionally overwhelmed, stuck in survival mode, or impacted by past experiences that still show up in their daily lives. I help people understand how their history shapes their thoughts, behaviors, and relationships, and guide them in building healthier, more secure connections with themselves and others. My approach is warm, collaborative, and deeply client-centered. I believe therapy should feel safe, respectful, and empowering. I combine emotional insight with practical, evidence-based tools so clients can make real changes in how they regulate emotions, set boundaries, and show up in their lives. My goal is to help you feel more grounded, confident, and connected, not just during sessions, but in your everyday life.

As a dynamic licensed psychotherapist in the States of New York and Connecticut, I bring two decades of compassionate, culturally responsive mental health support to my practice. My approach centers on understanding the unique experiences of individuals navigating complex emotional landscapes, with specialized expertise in depression, anxiety, relationship dynamics, and life transitions. My bilingual practice (English and Spanish) allows me to connect with a wide range of clients, providing culturally sensitive guidance through personal transformations, relationship complexities, and emotional healing. I approach each therapeutic journey with genuine empathy, respect, and a collaborative spirit. While life is an ongoing process of learning and growth, I will support you on your journey toward freedom from anxiety, depression, inner criticism, and fear of loss, with the ultimate goal of living a rich and meaningful life.

Hi, I’m Anna, a Licensed Therapist in New York. If you’re feeling anxious, drained, or like you’re carrying a lot on your own, you don’t have to do it alone. I believe healing begins when we feel genuinely seen. In our work together, I offer a calm, supportive space where you can slow down, make sense of your emotional and nervous system responses, and build practical coping skills that fit your life. My style is collaborative, focused on emotional regulation, self-awareness, and strengthening self-confidence over time. I work with clients from diverse backgrounds, respect each person’s values and beliefs, and provide therapy in both Mandarin and English.

I am a psychologist that is licensed in Florida and New York with 11 years of experience in the field. I have worked as a school psychologist, trauma-informed postdoctoral resident and a clinical psychologist. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, executive functioning deficits, relationship difficulties, school issues, parenting struggles and career challenges. I also helped many people who have experienced trauma and/or abuse. My counseling style is empathetic and warm. I believe in treating anyone with compassion, understanding and openness and I don't believe in the stigmatization of clinical diagnoses. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, client-centered, and integrated theory. I will tailor our treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. It takes bravery and initiative to take the first steps towards change. If you are ready to take those steps I am here to help guide you and provide support along your journey of self-discovery as you unlock your potential and continue to grow as a person. I look forward to working with you!

Empowering you to heal, grow, and live without limitations. Is it time for you to live life without limits? Do you believe therapy can be both enlightening and enjoyable? Are you ready to embrace your diagnosis instead of avoiding it? If so, you’re exactly where you need to be. Mor Rondo J. Edwards-Roberts is a Licensed Independent Social Worker (LISW-S) dedicated to helping individuals feel seen, supported, and empowered. He believes therapy should be a space where people can explore their identity, gain insight, and develop meaningful tools for real-life change. His approach blends behavioral health models with compassion, cultural awareness, and a commitment to helping clients reclaim control over their lives.

I am dedicated to providing compassionate, culturally competent care to individuals navigating various life challenges, changes, and losses. I have 20 years in supporting individuals living with mental health and 4 years directly as a therapist with fluency in both English and Spanish (Se Habla Español), I am passionate about ensuring that you feel heard, seen, and respected, regardless of your cultural background. My therapeutic approach is rooted in empathy, active listening, and a strengths-based perspective. I work collaboratively with you to develop a personalized treatment plan that align with your unique goals and values.

I take a holistic perspective with my clients to address the health of body, mind, and spirit. I believe that a solid therapeutic relationship between client and therapist is a crucial part of the healing process, and that techniques and therapy approaches must “fit” the client in order to be effective—there is no “one size fits all” therapy. My goal, as a counselor and therapist, is to deeply understand my client, and when this happens we are able to identify areas of life that need to be changed, and ways of going about doing that. Therapy is a collaborative process between a trained therapist and a client who wants to change.

I work with individuals and couples seeking meaningful change, greater emotional balance, and stronger relationships. I provide a supportive, collaborative space where clients can better understand themselves, break unhelpful patterns, and build practical skills that translate into everyday life and work. Through this process, clients often experience improved well-being, clearer communication, and increased confidence that positively impacts both their personal lives and professional success.

Hi There, Perrin here, If you are reading this short bio, I want to first congratulate you on the first step towards self discovery. I was born in The Bronx, NY which has inducted me naturally into a world that did not always make sense. I am mixed with African American and Native American heritage so this has allowed me to be both culturally sensitive as well as unbiased towards the human experience. I have a great appreciation for humanity which has led me to this field and assisting individuals in recognizing their innate abilities to push through tough challenges is my most treasured goal. My practice embodies the three core processes I have concluded to be effective during my 13 years of experience. These processes are; explore, grow, and maintain and through these processes, individuals will understand and explore where they have come from, growing through their experiences, and using the skills along the way in maintaining effective change.

With over 30 years of experience working with military personnel, their families, and individuals facing personal challenges, I understand the complexities of stress, trauma, and relationships. My approach is tailored to your unique needs, fostering trust, self-awareness, and meaningful progress through evidence- based therapeutic techniques. Healing starts with a conversation, and I’m here to provide a supportive, judgment-free space where you can feel heard and validated. Take the first step toward healing today—click the website button to schedule an appointment. Let’s work together to help you navigate your challenges and create a path forward

If you are feeling hopeless, despair and like you are not living your best life and with no purpose, passion, and real joy, you’re not alone. I have an extensive history of working with diverse individuals who struggle with depression, emotion regulation, anxiety, anger, childhood trauma, grief, addiction and other life struggles and psychiatric conditions. I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), CASAC-Certified Alcohol and Drug Specialist with a warm, genuine, non-judgmental approach that creates a safe space for you to process, explore, heal, and grow. My clients often describe me as someone they feel comfortable talking to.

My name is Maria. I have been practicing therapy for 20 years. I have worked in a variety of settings such as, a hospital emergency room seeing individuals struggling with mental health issues. I have also work with children and adults. I feel privileged to have you allow me into your life and share your experiences and struggles with me.

I’m Tasha Valentino, a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist specializing in helping individuals and couples break free from stress, anxiety, and relational patterns that no longer serve them. My approach is collaborative and empowering—I’ll help you understand the “why” behind your struggles and teach practical, effective tools to create meaningful shifts in your life and relationships. If you’re ready to feel more confident, connected, and emotionally supported, I’m here to help guide that process.

**I’m currently opening up more sessions than what is shown on my public calendar. To secure your spot, please go ahead and grab any slot that looks open for now. I will follow up with you shortly after to share my expanded availability and ensure we have the most convenient time locked in for you.** As a therapist, I believe in walking alongside you through life’s most difficult challenges. My greatest strength is utilizing our space to truly listen, ensuring you feel heard and understood. Building a genuine rapport is my ultimate goal; without this foundation of comfort and trust, the real work of healing cannot begin. Whether you are navigating anxiety, depression, chronic illness, or the heavy weight of caregiving and grief, I offer a supportive sanctuary for your story. By blending evidence-based practices like CBT with a focus on your unique strengths, we will work together to build a brighter, more resilient future.

Hello. I'm Catherine. I'm a Generalized Practice Clinician with over 14 years in the field of Clinical Social Work. While I've worked in a variety of settings, the majority of my professional career was spent in Community Mental Health. For the past 3 years, I've focused solely on Psychotherapy and truly love this side of Social Work. Outside of work, I'm passionate about travel, cats, the environment, and cooking. Fun fact- I'm a boarding school alumna.

I tailor each session based on your unique needs, using a combination of evidence-based approaches such as CBT, DBT, and psychodynamic theories. During our time together, you can expect a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where you feel heard and understood. We'll work collaboratively to explore your goals, identify patterns, and develop practical tools to help you feel more in control.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years of experience helping adults move through anxiety, relationship challenges, trauma, and the stressful transitions that life can bring. Clients often tell me I’m warm, honest, and easy to talk to, but also straightforward and challenging in a way that helps them make real change and experience growth. I don’t sit back and nod; I’m actively engaged in the process with you. My work combines deep emotional insight with practical tools you can use in everyday life. I draw from CBT, DBT, mindfulness, and psychodynamic therapy, and tailor my approach to what works best for you as a person, not following a generic formula. My goal is to help you feel understood, supported, and capable of change and growth. You don’t have to carry everything on your own, and therapy is a place where you can share, breathe, make sense of things, and start feeling more in control again.

I believe people thrive when they feel heard and cared for, and that belief is at the heart of my practice. In our work together, we’ll explore challenging thoughts, feelings, and life experiences—including relationship dynamics, trauma, and stress—with compassion and clarity. I listen deeply, and collaboratively develop coping strategies that support healing, resilience, and meaningful growth. My goal is to create a non-judgmental space where you feel supported, understood, and empowered to thrive.

I am a therapist who is passionate about helping individuals and couples navigate life’s challenges with greater clarity, resilience, and self‑compassion. I believe that therapy should be a collaborative and supportive process—one where clients feel safe, respected, and empowered to create meaningful change in their lives and relationships. In my work with individuals, I help clients better understand their thoughts, emotions, and behavior patterns, especially those that keep them feeling stuck or disconnected from what matters most. I draw from evidence‑based approaches, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and cognitive‑behavioral principles, to support clients in building psychological flexibility, coping more effectively with stress, and moving toward values‑driven goals. Rather than focusing solely on “fixing” symptoms, I work with clients to change their relationship with difficult experiences and to build skills that support long‑term growth. As a couples therapist, I support partners in strengthening communication, deepening emotional connection, and navigating conflict in healthier ways. I help couples identify unhelpful interaction patterns, increase understanding of one another’s experiences, and develop practical tools for responding with greater awareness and intention. Couples work often focuses on clarifying shared values, improving emotional safety, and learning how to stay connected even during challenging moments. My approach is trauma‑informed, strengths‑based, and tailored to each client or couple’s unique needs, background, and goals. I strive to create a therapeutic space that is thoughtful, nonjudgmental, and grounded in collaboration. Whether you are seeking support for personal growth, relationship concerns, or life transitions, my goal is to help you move forward with greater confidence, clarity, and alignment with what matters most to you.

I am a licensed psychotherapist in the state of New York with eight years of professional experience supporting adults navigating stress, anxiety, anger management, life transitions, trauma, ADHD, addiction, and the emotional impact of domestic violence. I help individuals 18 and older who are ready to build healthier patterns, strengthen emotional resilience, and create meaningful change in their lives. I understand that seeking support can feel overwhelming, especially when life feels heavy or uncertain. My role is to provide a safe, open, and judgment-free environment where you can process your thoughts and emotions freely. Together, we will explore your story, identify what’s getting in the way, and move toward a life that feels more grounded, balanced, and fulfilling.

I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 12 years in the field. As a therapist, over the past 10 years, I’ve helped many clients - struggling with issues like depression, anxiety, stress, family concerns, life changes, and existential crises - rediscover themselves, cope in healthier ways, and implement change in their lives. I work with individuals, couples, families, and youth. I also have experience working with individuals with serious mental illness and chronic medical conditions. My approach is a welcoming and supportive one. I see therapy has a collaborative journey. Through exploration with you, I strive to help you find and understand yourself on a deeper level, to become aware of the areas in your life that may be impacting you, and help you better cope with life’s many challenges, in an open, non-judgmental, safe space.

Hi! My name is Jose Rodriguez, I have been working in behavioral health since 2008, and it has been a very rewarding experience. I have an energetic and enthusiastic approach. Please note that I am licensed in both California and New York. I stay up to date with the latest studies to provide the best care possible. I am well versed in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, and Psychodynamic Therapy. I am originally from New York, so I have had the opportunity to gain experience at reputable institutions such as New York Presbyterian Hospital and Montefiore Health System. I have also served as Director of the Behavior Health Department at Salinas Valley Health in Salinas, California. I earned my BA in Psychology from Boston College and my Master of Social Work from Fordham University. I also earned my MBA in Healthcare Administration in 2019. Outside of work, I enjoy boxing, playing golf, yoga, lifting weights, and going to the beach! The goal in psychotherapy is for you to become your own therapist. We would achieve this in a collaborative and strategic manner. There has always been a need to address our emotional well being but until recent times, this topic is more accepted than ever to discuss. Not only do I help people address their problems, but I also aim to help people be self-actualizing.

Hi there, I'm Mauricio. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor from New York City, and such, have seen or been involved in my fair share situations. I have spent most of my counseling career as an addictions counselor (substance use and problem gambling), and through that experience, I have worked with many co-occurring issues/conditions such as anxiety, bereavement, depression, career/life transitions, and trauma.