Grief Therapists in Washington

My name is Melissa and I'm a licensed mental health counselor based in FL and working on licensure in Washington. I received my Master's degree from Capella University. I've worked with adults in many different areas of behavioral health from outpatient to residential. I have over 5 years of experience in providing counseling services with over 20 years of experience working in behavioral health, substance use and mental health.

Welcome. My name is Maggie Kelley and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I provide individual therapy to clients in North Carolina and Washington. I have been practicing since receiving my Master of Social Work in 2020 from University of Maryland Baltimore. I have experience working with incarcerated individuals, adolescents, and young adults. I am experienced in life transitions, trauma-focused therapy, and overcoming daily stressors.

Hi. I am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC) and a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC). I want perspective clients to know I genuinely care about the people I work with, and have a passion for joining people on their journey to a new self. The fact that you are searching for a therapist shows you would like something to change. This is very brave. We often lose perspective about situations and how we deal with them. This can be a result of things we have buried from our past, or relationships that did not support us in the way we need. I will give you a safe and supportive place to look at your unwelcome patterns and find a way to make your journey more fulfilling. My counseling focus is on adolescents and adults. My philosophy is client-centered, Mindfulness based, trauma informed, and goal oriented. I have training and experience with Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT), and Mindfulness. My areas of focus include trauma, attachment issues, difficulties with distress tolerance and emotional regulation, along with families dealing with Alzheimer's. Your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are what make you who you are. As we work together to understand these parts of you, we will find a way to alter those thoughts that no longer work for you and strengthen those that are helping you become who you wish to be.

Hello, I'm Kim. Are you looking for ways to build a life worth living? I am happy and privileged to be a part of your journey for change. I have a passion for helping clients find an emotional balance and happiness in their lives. I will work with you to reach your goals through an open-minded and caring alliance. I work with you to help you build a life worth living, guiding you to the goals and contentment you seek. We will work together in a supportive environment on this journey toward change. I believe in helping clients find ways to jumpstart their change in a goal-oriented manner. Clients and I work together to set goals that help them move forward. Using cognitive-behavioral therapy and other counseling methods, I will help you find the path for change that works for you in an understanding and caring environment. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, life changes, or relationship issues, I would be honored to help you discover a path to healing. Congratulations on taking the first step toward therapy and a happier future.

I feel that clients shouldn't have to be in therapy forever! While co-creating this process with you, I strive to balance my active listening with imparting active, hands-on techniques to help you reclaim your narrative and overcome obstacles in your path. I feel it's about more water rather than less soda, so to speak, and take both a clinical and holistic approach to helping you enhance alignment and experience deeper fulfillment in your journey. Along with my LCSW, I am trained in EMDR, certified in Theta Healing, Reiki, Transformational Life Coaching, and Therapeutic Touch, and Master Practitioner certified in Neuro Linguistic Programming, Hypnotherapy, and Time Line Therapy. I feel I provide a safe space where shame and judgements are left at the door, and we will explore your wants, needs, and feelings with curiosity and compassion. I feel it's very much a co-created process, as you know more about you than I ever will. The work is also far more about our uncovering your truth than you adopting mine. With that said, I have a wide array of modalities and approaches I feel I have quite dialed in, and we can collaboratively determine which tools and approaches best suit your needs. My hope is that our work together will help you feel not only hear and validated, but also empowered and aware of how to eat the elephant on your own going forward. I see this work as us walking side by side, with you gradually taking the lead with me supportively in your corner. If you have something pressing you wish to discuss in session, that will always take precedence. My job is ultimately to actively listen and hold space. With that said, if that's all I was doing, you'd inevitably say, "Robby, you're a nice guy. But I don't know how much we're actually getting done." To that end, I feel it's far more important to determine HOW you think rather than WHAT you think. So it tends to be important for us to explore unconscious limiting beliefs and emotions along with the conscious. You can also expect to learn clear and concise action steps (ranging from mindfulness exercises to creative writing prompts to holistic practices like meditation and breathwork) to help you regulate your emotions and reclaim your narrative. I feel that many people are hesitant to engage in therapy because they perceive a stigma tied to seeking support. After all, the notion of "mentally ill" does have a negative connotation. The way I see it, though the process is not about fixing a broken thing, but rather enhancing one's alignment and fulfillment (and okay, yes, also confronting obstacles to those pieces). But if the focus is on "Where am I trying to get to and how will I know that I got there?" where our work is to simply close the gap between here and there, it can help us leave shame and judgements at the door, and perhaps even enable you to look forward to increased awareness and empowerment in your journey forward.

My name is Liana Gibson, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 14 years of experience, licensed in CA, WA, and TX. I specialize in helping individuals and families navigate life’s challenges, strengthening bonds, and fostering healthier relationships. My approach centers on compassion, clear communication, and tailored strategies, integrating Christian faith, recovery principles, and cultural awareness to create a holistic and supportive environment for diverse individuals and families.

We all have the opportunity to start fresh on the path of our lives. During the journey of our developmental lifecycle, we change, grow, heal, destroy, and can improve our lives. I have experienced many difficulties on these paths and you are not alone. We are not alone in this world but we are compelled to isolate ourselves from fear of experiencing pain within our lives. I have many years of clinical training combined with life experiences including successes and failures. I have at times started over and remained stable within this system we are invited into with no manual at birth. I have a sense of humor but good sound clinical judgment so take a leap of faith.

I am a bilingual and bicultural Licensed Mental Health Counselor licensed in Florida with over 15 years of experience working as a psychotherapist. I have worked around the world- in Mexico, in the US, in Germany, in Japan, and in US, and worked in a wide variety of settings, including extensive work in community mental health, substance abuse/addictions, child welfare, and with military and veteran populations. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including couples/relationship issues, anxiety, depression, immigration-related issues, abuse and trauma, divorce and separation, and grief and loss, among other things. I have also worked extensively with the Marine Corps in the area of force preservation and suicide prevention, and have worked with other branches of the service as well, both in the US and OCONUS. My counseling style is warm and interactive. I believe in treating anyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe in stigmatizing labels. I honestly believe we can work together to find solutions for almost any problem and that we can emerge from challenges stronger, and even more resilient. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, mindfulness training, and other techniques. I also have incorporated many things I have learned in my travels and interactions with psychology in other cultures and countries into my extensive training. I will tailor our interactions and treatment to help you meet your goals and work collaboratively with you every step along the way. It takes courage to seek for a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. If you are ready to take that step I am here to support and empower you.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker providing teletherapy to teens, adults, and couples. I collaborate with patients to find solutions to the challenges that disrupt their lives. Overcoming a crisis in your relationship, working your way through loss as you grieve a loved one or life change, managing feelings or moods that overwhelm you and keep you from healthy functioning......these are just a few of the reasons that people begin therapy. Whatever might be challenging you and keeping you from living your best life, we can find solutions together, in therapy. Let's get started!

Hi! I'm Sherry. Does life ever seem overwhelming, like you are pulling in a million different directions? Or do you feel stuck, like you are struggling to keep up? Have you forgotten who you are and how to be kind to yourself? Let's work together to create a way for you to find joy and purpose. My goal is to provide an environment where you feel safe to explore and express your thoughts and feelings. Let's create a room for you to heal and grow. In our sessions together, I'll meet you with compassion, warmth, and evidence-based techniques so you can overcome the hangups and habits holding you back. Let's work together!

Hello and a heartfelt welcome! I'm Carmel Browne, and it's truly a joy to have you here. I've had the privilege of being a licensed clinical social worker since 2004, initially in Illinois, and now in Washington State, where I've been licensed since 2024. Throughout my career, I've been fortunate enough to connect with a diverse array of individuals and groups, from parents and young children to adolescents and adults. Each person brings a unique story, and I am genuinely honored to be a part of their journey toward healing and growth. The challenges that my clients face are as varied as the individuals themselves—be it depression, anxiety, addiction, post-traumatic stress, or navigating the complex emotions of grief and loss. My journey has allowed me to gain experience across several fields, including child welfare, dual disorder treatment, and behavioral health, equipping me with a broad understanding of the systems that impact our lives. Additionally, as a certified forensic interviewer, I have supported individuals who have endured physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, standing by them as they find their voice and strength. I deeply understand how daunting it can be to reach out for help, and I want to acknowledge the courage it takes to do so. It's not easy to open up about personal struggles, and the fact that you're here speaks volumes about your strength and determination. You're taking a brave step towards uncovering the greatness that lies within you, and I am inspired by your decision to embark on this transformative journey. Together, we will work towards your goals, and I am committed to supporting you every step of the way. I am truly delighted to welcome you, and I look forward to helping you uncover the brighter future that awaits. Welcome aboard!

I am a LPC with a PhD in psychology from Walden University. I have been counseling for almost 20 years. Before that, I was a teacher working with students with emotional concerns and their families. I know that it can be very difficult to take the first step to seek counseling. My intent the moment you “walk through the door” is for you to feel safe, cared for, listened to, and above all, understood. I am not here to judge or condemn. We all have our stuff. Life gets messy. Life can be complicated. I grew up in a Christian family riddled with dysfunction; alcoholism, addiction, anxiety, chronic pain, depression, suicidal ideation, and chronic medical issues. I have also worked in the educational sector with children with behavior issues, ADHD, ODD, OCD, attachment disorder, autism, as well as anxiety and depression. I am a people person. I am empathetic, I listen, I am real, and I can help.

Greetings! I have been supporting individuals, families, and couples with various mental health challenges as a licensed therapist and clinical social worker for more than seven years. My clients appreciate my practical approach to help them get the results that they want to see in their life, work, and relationships. I can help you in the areas of work, family, personal identity, relationships, and much more.

I am a compassionate therapist with over 20 years of experience in healthcare, specializing in helping individuals overcome challenges stemming from trauma, anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and chronic health issues. I offer a safe, nurturing environment where clients can explore their personal stories, identify patterns that keep them feeling stuck, and work towards self-compassion and emotional resilience. Using a Trauma-Informed Focus, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and Mindfulness Practices, I support clients in transforming negativity into positive life changes. I am also bilingual and offer services in both English and Spanish. My mission is to empower individuals to confront their fears, rebuild their belief in themselves, and create meaningful, fulfilling lives.

Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, licensed to practice in various states. I have experience working in a variety of mental health settings and have found my passion working as an outpatient therapist. In our work together you can expect to be met with a therapeutic alliance that promotes safety, empathy, compassion, and value, as a human being.

Great to meet you! Self-care is something I wholeheartedly believe in. I hold a master's degree in counseling psychology and have been helping others since 2009. The fundamental aspect of therapy is helping others to overcome life toughest seasons; addressing issues that may become a stumbling block. Life challenges can eventually lead to mental discomfort. Helping others for many years, I apply different treatment modalities that will assist you in reaching your therapy goals.

I'm a licensed clinical social worker who's been providing therapy for several years, and I'm a firm believer that therapy is most effective when someone has an authentic trusting relationship with their therapist. I am passionate about providing quality therapy via telehealth to adolescents and adults struggling with a variety of mental health concerns. The relationship we have with ourselves and others can hurt us but also heal us, and therapy is a great way to achieve that healing.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with vast experience in mental health and health sciences in multiple settings for over sixteen years. I am licensed in the state of Virginia, Washington, District of Columbia, and Georgia. I obtained my Bachelor's in Psychology at North Carolina State University, and my Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a specialization in Crisis and Trauma from Walden University. My certifications are as follow; National Certification in Counseling (NCC), Sexual offender treatment provider (CSOTP), Clinical trauma adolescent provider (CTAP), Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCTAP) and Certified Advanced Grief Counseling Specialist (CAGCS). Prior to establishing MentalMorphosis, LLC, I worked as a therapeutic independent contractor for multiple organizations. My experiences include the following: providing therapy in a residential psychiatric facility, intensive in-home counselor, clinical coordinator, forensic interviewer and foster care case manager. In addition to, I am a proud Veteran of the United States Armed Forces where I serviced honorably for 8 years as a Medical Laboratory Technician also known as a 68K.

I have extensive experience in serving adults, adolescents, children, and families by providing mental health counseling, domestic violence prevention, substance use prevention, addiction recovery, career counseling, family support, career coaching and education. I enjoy live theater productions, watching classic movies, reading biographies, listening to music, traveling, and spending time with family. I will look forward to working with you soon.

As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker - Supervisor, I have over 9 years of experience treating mental health issues. My background includes inpatient, outpatient, and individual therapy. Also, I have worked in the medical field as a BSN RN and feel comfortable treating individuals with physical conditions. I am based in Texas and have licenses in Washington and DC. I have worked with children to geriatrics.

Dawn is a Social Worker and Mental Health Therapist and has received her Social Worker Associate Independent Clinical license by way of her Master in Social Work from Walden University in August 2019, and BSN in Nursing from California Baptist University in December of 2011. Dawn has also completed Advance Clinical training for Infant and Child Mental Health and Child Parent Psychotherapy at the Barnard Center of University of Washington.

Hello there! Life is a journey, and we all need help sometimes. Congratulations on making the first step to taking back control over your life. You are brave and courageous to starting this journey and exploring the benefits that therapy provides. I am a California based Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I became a mental health provider because I believe everyone deserves to have adequate access and have the support to be in good mental health. I love the social work profession and that I can make a real difference in people's lives. I have clinical experience working with diverse populations of youth and adults in multiple behavioral health settings. I am here to support you with the process of getting your life back on track. I truly believe that to experience the best life you can, you must care for all aspects of your health and wellness, which of course includes mental and emotional health. I enjoy using humor when it is appropriate & invite my clients to laugh and share as much as they need to. I offer telehealth therapy sessions. Telehealth really helps to reduce anxiety and help you get back on track with your life, conveniently from the comfort of your own space. Together, we will work to find ways to get you back on track towards a fulfilled life. You deserve a space to safely and comfortably open, heal, learn, and grow during therapy.

I am a licensed clinician providing telehealth therapy services to clients residing in California, Washington state, and Oregon. I am a second generation Korean American with a former background in literacy, ESL, and English education. I have significant personal and professional experience in navigating issues such as: immigrant cultures (mainly Asian, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic), life transitions, self esteem, self-identity, anxiety and depression, family conflicts, relationships, parenting, work or career challenges and transitions, academic and social pressures for minors and college students, spirituality, trauma or PTSD, race and gender conflicts, and grief or loss. I also assist clients with behavioral challenges, including substance use, addictions, diet and exercise for healthier lifestyles, obsessive compulsive behaviors, and other issues that might stem from past traumas. My approach is compassionate, collaborative, and solutions-oriented, helping you gain inner strength and courage to move forward in a consistent way. I am passionate about my work and grateful to be considered as a participant on your journey to wholeness.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Social Worker (LCSW) based in Virginia. I received my master's from Virginia Commonwealth University and have been practicing for 6 years. I help adults ages 18 and up who are struggling with anxiety and depression symptoms. As an integrative therapist, I provide a blend of psycho-education, emotional support, anxiety reduction, and other coping skills to guide you through difficult times.

Hi, I’m Paul. I work as a Marriage & Family Therapist that believes there are ways forward through places of distress and challenge. Many factors can impact how we experience the world, others and ourselves and therapy is a space for us to have conversation about what is happening for you in order to discover paths towards wellness. I have experience working with an array of issues and I am an advocate that your therapist should be someone you feel understands your struggles.

Hello. I am James Moore and I have 55 years of experience as a clinical psychologist in a variety of settings including institutional, academic and private practice. I developed and ran a head injury treatment facility in Carbondale, Illinois, but have spent my last 36 years in private practice in Miami, Coral Springs and The Villages, Florida. I have specialized in psychological evaluation, neuropsychology, and forensic psychology. geriatric psychology and individual psychotherapy. My modes of treatment include psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and, when called for, some degree of psychoanalytic therapy. After 3 years in academia and 8 years as a forensic psychologist, I moved my family to Miami in 1986 and joined a large private practice firm. Three years later, I was entirely on my own and have been so ever since. I look forward to utilizing my unique experience to assist new clients to achieve a more satisfying and successful quality of life.

Bio: Demetric Marsh, LCSW, JD “Dee” is a dedicated behavioral health professional with over 25 years of experience. Her experience includes Psychotherapist; Program Director; Manager/Supervisor of Clinical Services; Adjunct Professor; Consultant; and LCSW Clinical Supervision. She has a Juris Doctor Law Degree from the Jacob D. Fuschberg Law School in NY and she is a multistate licensed LCSW. She earned her Master’s degree in Social Work from the Adelphi University- School of Social Work in NY with a specialization in mental health and addictions She holds a BA from Hofstra University in NY with a Major in Sociology and a Minor in Political Science and French Language/Culture. Dee has direct practice experience with individuals, families, couples and group work. Practice specialties include foster care/adoptions; anxiety, depression, trauma, stress management, spirituality, employment/workplace issues; addictions; grief/loss; court-ordered assessments/recommendations; diversity/inclusion/cultural issues.

Holding space is the practice of providing a safe and supportive environment for someone to express their thoughts, emotions, and experiences without judgment or interruption. It involves being fully present and attentive, allowing the other person to explore their feelings and navigate their own process. My 20 years of experience have allowed for a diverse background of traditions and practices that clients can implement in their personal journey. I value transparency in the therapist/client relationship.

Hi! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist located just outside of Portland, Oregon. I am licensed in California, Oregon, and Washington. I have been practicing as a therapist for over 18 years and work full time as a manager in a large healthcare organization. I love being able to work with people to identify their goals and strategies to meet those goals, then support them along their journey. Please note: I do not specialize in couples' counseling. I work with individuals, and if appropriate and discussed thoroughly ahead of time, we may invite a significant other into a session as part of the work on your individual goals. If you are looking for therapy for you and your partner together, I highly recommend finding a provider who has training and experience to work with couples to get the most out of your therapy experience.

Hello, I'm so glad you're here seeking support for Behavioral health support. I'm Trasie Phillips MSW LICSW, I'm a License Clinical Social Worker, for 10 years and in 3 states. In the last ten years I have regularly provided support to Military active duty and Veterans, families, couples, detox, addiction, and EAP clients. The client I serve have stated the treatment they receives from me is "extremely helpful", "The best" "sensative but honest." Mostly clients states I have helped them meet their mental health goals.

Michael J. di Salvo, (He/Him/His), Psychotherapist, LICSW, LCSW-IC, LCSW-QS, C-DBT, CTTP, C-GIP, CCATP, EMDR, is a Nationally Board Certified Licensed Clinical Independent Social Worker with over thirty-year's experience. He is licensed and certified in multiple states and works with adults (18 Years +). He has several specialty care areas in mental health therapy, including but not limited to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Person-Centered, Trauma-Focused, Grief and Loss Therapy, Psychodynamic Therapy, Positive Psychology and EMDR. He works with various Life Transitions, Coming-Out, Sexual Orientation, Gender Issues, Transitioning, Men's Issues, Mood Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Geriatrics, LGBTQ+, Bias, Race, Ethnicity, Discrimination, Trauma, Career, Vets/Emergency Responders and Co-Occurring Disorders. Mr. di Salvo works with many diverse populations and works with persons who have experienced trauma, discrimination, racism, defamation, prejudice, hate and bias in any form. He is also a long-time advocate and mental health treatment provider for persons within the LGBTQ+ Community and many other minority populations. Mr. di Salvo provides a safe, supportive, welcoming, affirming, and nonjudgmental space for all people. If you have any questions, please schedule a "FREE" 15-minute virtual consultation today! If you do not see an available slot, please contact customer care with your availability so that we may accommodate your needs. *Virtual Sessions are available to all patients at this time in the following states: DE, FL, GA, MA, MD, NJ, NY, NV, PA, SC, VA, & WA. Mr. di Salvo graduated with honors. He obtained his undergraduate and post-graduate studies, research and internships through The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C.

My name is Shardae Collins I am a licensed clinical social worker who offers telehealth therapy to individuals residing in California, Washington, Nevada, Massachusetts, and New Jersey. I support individuals in recognizing their strength and resilience regardless of the cards that were dealt to them. My therapeutic approach explores your environment and lived experience to better understand your strengths, needs, and hopes for the future. I believe that you have the power to heal yourself. I am simply a guide. I provide a non-judgmental safe space for you to freely express yourself. My approach is one that is direct, culturally relevant, sensitive, trauma informed, and non-shaming. I specialize in anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationship issues, and trauma and PTSD. I offer individual therapy rooted in mindfulness. Therapy can be hard and sometimes scary. I get it, I am here to support you on this journey. I look forward to supporting you on your journey to healing and self-discovery

I try to provide a safe and private space where someone can process their feelings and emotions and discuss the difficulties they are experiencing. I like to help people find solutions to the problems they are having and help them continue living their lives without their traumas or their past weighing them down. Every person deserves to live life to the fullest. You can search my website on www.collinscounselingcenter.org.

Hi! I'm a independently licensed therapist who can help patients in Michigan, Oregon, and Washington. I obtained my Masters from Indiana University and PhD from the Western Michigan University. I have been practicing for 20 years. I help adults achieve their desired mental health outcomes coping with stress, anxiety and depression and other cooccurring conditions such as substance use disorders.

Hi, I am a licensed mental health counselor who focuses on identity transformation! I work with those who feel the achievements are there, yet still feels misaligned in what you do versus who you truly are. This identity crisis shows up in subtle ways - the anxiety that greets you before meetings, the exhaustion from maintaining the "strong Black woman" image, the longing for relationships where you can finally be real. I want you to know that transformation is possible. That having more alignment and authenticity in the way you show up is possible. In our work together, we'll move beyond just understanding why you code-switch or people-please and help your system find its way back to your truth using Internal Family Systems therapy. Imagine walking into any room fully grounded in who you are. Picture making decisions from your core self, not from old wounds. It's time to transform your relationship with yourself - to heal those outdated identities and create a life that truly feels like yours.

Looking for a trusted therapist to help you overcome stress, anxiety, depression, or relationship challenges? I’m a Licensed Mental Health Counselor & Marriage and Family Therapist, specializing in CBT, Solution-Focused Therapy, and the Gottman Method to provide effective, results-driven therapy for individuals, couples, and families. Whether you’re struggling with family conflicts, self-esteem issues, or relationship difficulties, I offer a personalized, solution-focused approach to help you regain control, heal emotional wounds, and create lasting change. 🔹 Specialties: Anxiety, Depression, Relationship Issues, Family Conflicts, Self-Confidence, Personal Growth 🔹 Proven Methods: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, Gottman Method for Couples 🔹 Book Your Session Today! Online Therapy Available 📞 Contact Now: [760-880-0803] 🌐 Visit: [MyWebsite – www.splendormind.com] Take the first step toward a happier, healthier life—Schedule a Consultation Today!

Hi there, I'm Pamelia. Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed, anxious, and/or sad? Feeling as if you are unable to make it through the day, that there are not enough hours in the day? Are you struggling to maintain a good work/life/family balance? I help my clients to better manage anxiety and depression. Together, we can identify what's not working and get you back to balance. We'll use a whole body approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit. I also integrate mindfulness and meditation to help you get in touch with yourself, often becoming an improved version of your former self. Whether you're dealing with an unhealthy work/life/family balance or dealing with chronic anxiety and/or depression, I'm here to help. It takes a lot of courage and strength to reach out for help, but you're making the right choice. You deserve a safe space where you can be heard. In our sessions together, I'll provide support, active listening, and evidence-based techniques so you can feel better. My hope is that I get the chance, the opportunity to work with you on your healing journey!

My name is LaTonya Thomas and I am a license clinical social worker. I have been in the mental health field for over 14 years and has worked with clients with anxiety, depression, grief, life transition and many more diagnosis. My goal is to help the clients become aware of what may be going on with them and ways to handle it.