Therapists in Pennsylvania

I have been a therapist and worked in mental health for many years. I truly love my job. I know that I cannot help every person I meet, but I am committed to offering kindness and my best efforts to do exactly that. I aim to offer clients kindness, make them feel more comfortable with even uncomfortable conversations and cheer them on as they heal on this journey.

Your Mental Health Medic. Your Doctor of Hope. When life feels overwhelming, uncertain, or urgent—you don’t have to navigate it alone. I’m Dr. Kia Everett, known to many as Dr. K, your Mental Health Medic and Doctor of Hope, here to serve individuals, couples, and families with compassionate, results-driven care—when it matters most. With nearly 30 years of experience in mental health and human services, I bring a rare blend of clinical expertise, lived experience, faith-informed insight, and practical strategies to help you stabilize, heal, and move forward with confidence. I’ve walked alongside thousands of individuals and families through life’s most difficult seasons—and I believe there is always a way forward. Dr. K

Hi, I’m Brittany — a licensed professional counselor in Pennsylvania who helps women heal from trauma, break free from intrusive thoughts, and manage high-functioning anxiety without burning themselves out. Many of my clients appear “put together” on the outside but feel overwhelmed on the inside—carrying childhood trauma, people-pleasing patterns, chronic worry, or perfectionism that never seems to let up. If this sounds like you, you’re not alone, and you don’t have to keep powering through it. When I’m not working with clients, you can usually find me outdoors with my family and dog, reading, traveling, going to concerts or comedy shows, or doing a Bible study. These things help me stay grounded — and I bring that same grounded energy into sessions.

Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in Pennsylvania. I have been working as an LPC since 2011. Over my career I have worked in a variety of settings which has provided me with extensive knowledge on the different resources available to assist clients on their journey. I have extensive training in trauma therapy and I am also TF-CBT certified. Additionally, I am PCIT certified and can help families to navigate parenting and behavioral issues.

Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience treating complex trauma, ADHD and helping people who feel stuck. I am trained in EMDR for the treatment of PTSD and provide functional strategies for helping people reduce symptoms related to anxiety and depression. I am here to provide a comfortable space for you to explore what is important to you. Through our work together, you will gain strategies that promote wellbeing that can be used throughout your lifetime.

I'm a licensed professional counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania. I received my master’s degree in clinical psychology from Millersville University, and I have a doctoral degree in human development from Marywood University. I have been in the behavioral health field for over 35 years. Over the years, I have come along with a wide variety of people to help them improve their lives.

Our mental health counseling collective is dedicated to providing accessible and affordable counseling services to individuals of all races. I am certified in EMDR by EMDRIA. I am committed to fostering a safe and inclusive environment where everyone can receive the support they need to achieve their optimal mental well-being. Our mission is to empower individuals to navigate life's challenges, overcome barriers, and improve their overall quality of life through evidence-based therapeutic interventions. I strive to promote cultural sensitivity, diversity, and equality in mental health care, ensuring that every person, regardless of their background, receives compassionate and personalized counseling services. Together, we are working towards a healthier and more resilient community, one step at a time.

As a man, father, and mentor, I offer insight that’s both professional and personal. I knows that strength isn’t about shutting down—it’s about showing up. I work with teen boys dealing with anxiety, anger, or school struggles, young men facing family, friend and/or relationship issues or life transitions, fathers seeking balance, and healing. Let's talk about the problems you are facing.

Hi, my name is Josh. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with experience working with clients of all ages on the issues that separate them from meaningful connection with themselves and others. I enjoy working with individuals, families, and groups, and I take an existential approach to dealing with anxiety, depression, and trauma-related disorders. As a counselor, I believe in the intrinsic worth of each human being and I would like to offer my assistance and support in helping to empower you to achieve your highest self. I believe that transformational change is the result of insight and action and it is my hope that I can support you as you move toward understanding and initiative. We will work together in developing and refining your problem-solving skills, in affirming your progress along the way, and in mapping out a meaningful direction for your life. With gentle encouragement and the space to explore, I hope to be a valuable partner in the exercise of your skills and creativity as you face whatever challenges are presenting themselves in this moment and the moments to come.

I strive to create a safe space where people can work on building upon identified strengths, challenge negative assumptions or beliefs, and develop a new mindset to confront daily life obstacles. It is my belief thoughts have a direct influence on how we perceive ourselves, how we interact with others, and how we function on a day-to-day basis. Sometimes we can feel helpless and bound to our thoughts; however, I believe that thoughts are like habits, and habits can be eventually modified to help us achieve our full potential.

As a therapist, I provide a compassionate, nonjudgmental space where clients feel heard, supported, and empowered. My approach is collaborative and tailored to each individual, drawing on evidence-based practices to help clients navigate challenges, build resilience, and create meaningful change. I’m here to walk alongside you with warmth, curiosity, and a deep respect for your unique story. I see individuals, couples, families, including support for adolescents and college-aged clients. My approach is client-centered and solution-focused, helping individuals overcome challenges like anxiety, OCD, trauma, low self-esteem, ADHD, and relationship issues. With experience as a high school counselor and in residential treatment settings, I offer compassionate, collaborative care. I’m here to help you heal, grow, and build the skills to thrive.

"True success is the predictable result of hard work, patience, sacrifice & learning put into practice everyday." - Unknown Hey there! Thank you for sliding on past my profile and the above quote is essential to not only my mindset in how I approach everyday as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) but also how I want to assist in creating a space for my clients. I am currently based in Pennsylvania & have over 10 years of experience working with an array of clients. I have helped many from young adults to older adults take a deep dive within themselves to challenge thoughts, perspectives and beliefs that create a mental and emotional limitation on becoming a more empowered and improved version of themselves. My goal is to respectfully challenge and guide clientele to look within themselves since they are the best expert on their own life and choices so that they can discover the innate skills and abilities that can take them to higher heights within their situations and lives.

Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) located in Pennsylvania. I obtained my Master’s degree from Carlow University and have been working in this field for five years. My focus is to support individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, complex trauma, and relationship challenges, guiding them towards reaching their maximum potential. In addition, I have experience working with individuals from various ethnic backgrounds, and I maintain a strong cultural awareness during counseling sessions.

Tutu Wreh is a Licensed Independent clinical social worker (LICSW) and a certified healthcare social worker (C-SWHC) and Integrated Health. Tutu provides clinical supervision to Master level Social Workers and Professional Counselors in PA. Tutu provides Mental Health therapy to children, teens, adults, families and couples. Tutu is authentic and genuine in the therapy process, which individuals have said they appreciate. Tutu provides a person-centered environment. Tutu strives to cultivate a warm, supportive, and non-judgmental environment where individuals feel safe to openly share their thoughts and feelings.

Are you a teen or young adult struggling to navigate social pressures and responsibilities? A parent of a struggling teen? I help create self-esteem and establish proper perspectives when young adults feel overwhelmed. A full-time school counselor, Colin Smith has been working with adolescents both in schools and in outpatient therapy for nearly twenty years. Working in both public and approved private schools as well as community mental health has provided Colin with various learning opportunities. Areas of experience include individuals with anxiety, depression, self-esteem deficits, autism, and conduct disorders. He has provided individual, group, and family therapy in school, home, and office settings. Colin believes in the power of rapport building and establishing a strong therapeutic bond through trust, and a lack of judgment. His approach involves using individual strengths to foster independence and personal growth.

I am a licensed professional counselor with six years of experience. I specialize in working with children, adolescence, families, those experiencing anxiety, and trauma. I have experience working with children, adolescence, and families from diverse backgrounds in the school setting, crisis intervention services, outpatient setting, and an intensive after school behavior program. I work with individuals and families who have and continue to experience complex trauma, anxiety, depression, mood disturbances, attention and hyperactivity issues, grief and loss, behavioral difficulties, and relational conflict. I use a human centered, strengths based, and trauma informed approach as well as relaxation and self-care skills to help clients heal from trauma and stress. I utilize cognitive therapy skills to help clients heal from intrusive thoughts that contribute to anxiety and depression. I am telehealth only. Please message me to schedule!

Hi there - I'm an Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Lancaster, PA. I received my master's degree in social work from University of Pittsburgh and have been practicing for 7 years. I specialize in helping adolescents and adults navigate life transitions, relationship challenges, and feelings of anxiety and sadness, to ultimately help them to become the best versions of themselves.

Hi! I'm a therapist licensed to practice independently in several states. I graduated from the University of Pittsburgh with a Master's of Social Work in 2006, and have been in practice since. I provide support to help teens and adults who are struggling with depression, mood swings, anxiety, trauma, and ADHD. We may cover challenges pertaining to family, work, school, sports, substance use, household and parenting, to name a few.

Are you feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or facing challenges that feel too big to handle on your own? Whether you’re navigating ADHD, anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, or life transitions, I’m here to help you make meaningful changes and move forward with confidence. With 15 years of experience, I specialize in providing compassionate, results-driven psychotherapy tailored to your unique needs. My practice addresses a wide range of concerns, including ADHD, depression, anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, PTSD, anger management, family conflict, career transitions, caregiver support, and more. I work with individuals, couples, and families, supporting clients of all ages—from children to older adults. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and holder of a Doctorate in Education (EdD) with a focus on Special Education, I bring advanced training and insight to my work. I have a deep understanding of the complexities of autism, intellectual disabilities, reproductive concerns, and the challenges that both men and women face. My goal is to create a safe, supportive environment where you can address your struggles, uncover your strengths, and explore new possibilities for healing and growth. Change is possible, and you don’t have to face it alone. Let’s work together to begin your journey toward a healthier, more fulfilling life.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in SC, PA, TN, and NC. I specialize in helping clients and family members with addiction issues, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and PTSD. I also assist clients experiencing anxiety, depression, grief and loss, and can provide relationship and couples counseling as well. I have been practicing for over 10 years and have an empathetic and passionate approach. I love working with all ages however age 10 and above appears to work well for online therapy.

At my core, I am a humanist, existentialist, and a proponent of unconditional self-compassion. I have a strong skill set working with teens and young adults but love working with all humans in general. Other therapeutic areas of strength would be trauma, personality disorders, gender and sexuality, parenting, relationships, Depression, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder and ADHD.

I'm Nanette Allred, a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 31 years of experience helping individuals and couples navigate life’s challenges with clarity, compassion, and creativity. Through my virtual practice, NPA Counseling, I specialize in CBT, Solution-Focused, Strength-Based, and Reality therapies—tailoring each session to meet you where you are. Whether you're seeking emotional resilience, stronger relationships, or practical tools for daily life, I offer a safe, supportive space to grow.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor here to offer support to you as you navigate through the challenges of life. I believe in a therapeutic alliance based on trust and open communication. I will use active listening and empathy as we approach your personal struggles such as: grief, trauma, depression, anxiety, and parenting. You will find a space free of judgment and full of hope as we work toward healing and an improved sense of wellbeing. I utilize several evidenced based treatment modalities along with a faith filled perspective in my clinical practice. I am passionate about the opportunity to help you feel and live better with a renewed sense of hope. I also have extensive experience supporting children and teens who have experienced trauma, attachment difficulties and exhibit behavioral challenges. I approach children and youth with evidenced based treatment approaches combined with family involvement for continuity of care.

I am a National Certified Counselor (NCC) and Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) located in Southwestern Pennsylvania. I hold a master’s degree in professional counseling from Carlow University. My counseling approach is integrative with a focus on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with acceptance and commitment (ACT) therapeutic methods and techniques. We work together to identify values underlying therapy goals and develop actions to achieve those goals. Life situations and our response consists of thoughts, emotions and behaviors which lead to an outcome. In the therapeutic relationship, we develop customized methods and techniques in talk therapy that can offer an alternative perspective toward an improved outcome and overall wellness and personal well-being unique to your circumstances and life situation.

Many clients come to work with me at a time in their lives when they feel stuck, lost, or unsure due to trauma, intense loss, or a major life transition. During these times, the people in their lives may not always know or understand how to help. This can be such a painful place to be, but just know that you don't have to go thru this alone. My expertise is in working with survivors of childhood abuse and domestic violence. Helping people comes naturally to me. I've also been confronted with difficult challenges and struggles in life where I understand how overwhelming it could feel to take that first step in seeking help. If this work has taught me anything it's taught me this: Change takes time and is a process, but there is more hope, possibility, and power when we work together to bring about change. My approach is simple-I will meet you where you are and together we can start your journey towards positive change and personal growth. If you think we will be a good fit please reach out to schedule a consultation-I am looking forward to working with you and helping you on your journey towards personal growth.

Hello there, my name is Joe Sampson, and I would like to take this moment to acknowledge you for your courage in seeking therapy. Your decision to seek therapy, illustrates that you are ready to take an important step towards creating a future where your current struggles are no longer the driving force in your life. My role in this this process is to provide and create a therapeutic relationship by offering a listening ear for you to tell your story and collaboratively work towards your desired goal. As a licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), I am here to support you with evidence-based techniques and strategies to address issues of life stressors, anxiety, depression, familial struggles and significant trauma. Therapy does not have to be a scary process, when you work with the right therapist, it can be a wonderful journey of discovery and healing.

You deserve to be the best functioning version of you. Navigate the journey to courage while feeling empowered and supported working through animal assisted psychotherapy, play therapy, and expressive art therapy. I also provide ADHD and executive function coaching, ADHD assessment. Special interest in LGBTQ+ issues, such as gender exploration, relationship counseling,sexual health and sex-related topics. . I am trained in and utilize various experiential approaches to create treatment tailored to your specific experience. Equine assisted psychotherapy, animal assisted psychotherapy, Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy, gaming in therapy, expressive art therapy, play therapy, cosmic, energy, practices. Currently training in the Gottman Method couples counseling. While I primarily work with adults, I do still accept children for therapy. Specialities including attachment based trauma training, specialization in foster care/adoption/reunification, ADHD/neurodivergence, anxiety, depression, stress management, LGBTQ+. I work from a strength based, primarily person-centered perspective with CBT, DBT, and Polyvagal Theory infusion. Therapeutic services can look different for each person because we all walk different paths. That being said - our goals are all the same - to be the best functioning individual we can - whatever that looks like to us. I can’t wait to walk alongside you in your journey and show you what I know you’re capable of.

Hello there, my name is Brandon Ballantyne. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor. My clinical focus is in utilizing cognitive behavioral therapy with clients to alleviate various forms of mental and emotional distress. I provide supportive therapy to improve the understanding of internal relationships between thoughts, emotions, and actions. When our thoughts are recognized to be tangible elements, we realize the personal control we have over thinking better, feeling better, and coping in healthier ways.

Hi! My name is Season Apple and I am a licensed professional counselor based in Pennsylvania. I have been in private practice since 2015 and have 15 years of experience in the counseling field. My passion is helping individuals, couples, and families lead healthier and more productive lives. Whether it is anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder or relationship issues within partners or family members. The focus is always on helping my clients gain coping skills, increase their satisfaction, and enhancing their relationships with others.

Patricia career expands well over 25 years of working in the Behavioral Health and Human Service field, working in various Drug and Alcohol programs /Mental Health Field (In the York Lancaster and Chester County areas). She earned master's degree in human services 2002, License Professional Counselor 2003 NCC Nationally Certified As of 2025 still provides Mental Health Drug and Alcohol, Couples, And Trauma related issues.

Hello! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Master's degree from Mount Aloysius College in 2021. I have been practicing counseling for 7 years. My specialty is helping individuals struggling with substance abuse disorder as well as individuals struggling mental illness such as depression, anxiety, mood disorders, and OCD. I strive to help individuals gain insight into their struggles and become the best version of themselves.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Masters from Clarion University and I have been practicing for five years. I have worked with clients of all ages from three to seventy-four. Trained in play therapy I enjoy working with children using this technique. I served twelve years in the air Force before starting this journey.

Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Masters defree from Rosemont University and have been practicing for 10 years. My professional experience in residential, community, and both inpatient and outpatient mental health settings has provided me the opportunity to develop a diverse range of skills that I implement in sessions. I work with individuals of all ages who seek to improve their communication skills, stress management, self-esteem, life transitions, and any symptoms related to mental health diagnoses.

I am a Professional Licensed Counselor (LPC) with many years of experience working with adolescents, teens, and young adults. I have worked as a contracted mental health therapist in the public school system for the past 7 years. Before that, I worked at a non-profit counseling center helping single moms and kids with emotional and mental health concerns. I have an MA in marriage and family therapy and an MA in trauma and crisis response from Liberty University.

Hello, I am a licensed clinical social worker in the state of Pennsylvania and New York. I obtained my Masters Degree in Social Work in 2016, from Adelphi University. I work with a wide range of people starting from adolescence all the way to individuals who are older adults. I also focus on a wide range of issues such as self esteem, relationships, caregiver burden/stress, Depression, and Anxiety to name a few.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CAADC) with an endorsement in gambling addiction. I specialize in working with individuals who are struggling with addiction, I also have experience working with parents, teenagers, and families navigating a variety of challenges. Whether you're struggling with addiction or facing family dynamics, I provide personalized support to help you move forward with confidence and clarity.

Hello! I was born and raised in rural Pennsylvania and have spent the past ten years providing mental health support in outpatient, school, and community settings. My experience includes working as a Behavior Specialist, outpatient therapist and family therapist, supporting children, adolescents, and adults as they navigate a range of emotional and relational challenges. I have a systemic approach using relational and attachment-based theories.

I am committed to guiding you through life's challenges. I enjoy creating a therapeutic space without judgment and I utilize a conversation-based method to build therapeutic rapport. Are you struggling with relationship issues or coping with anxiety? Do you have ADHD, depression, or facing significant life stressors or changes? These are all areas I specialize in as a clinical therapist.

Hello, I am Dr. Iris Parkinson, a compassionate therapist dedicated to helping individuals heal, grow, and rediscover their strength. I specialize in supporting adults and families coping with grief, trauma, life transitions, and relationship challenges. My approach blends Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, and Compassion-Focused Therapy to meet each person where they are. I believe therapy should be a safe, empowering, and culturally sensitive experience—rooted in understanding, hope, and genuine progress.

I am Lali Binder, LPC, a licensed therapist with over 20 years of experience supporting children, adolescents, young adults, and families. I provide trauma-informed, evidence-based therapy to help clients strengthen emotional regulation, process difficult experiences, and build healthy coping skills. Through a supportive and collaborative approach, I help individuals and families improve communication, increase resilience, and create lasting positive change in their daily lives.

Hello, I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) in the state of Florida as well as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Pennsylvania. I received my Masters of Science in Counseling Psychology from Chatham University in 2011. I have been practicing as a counselor for 13 years. I help clients identify, develop, and implement positive coping skills that target specific areas of need within their daily lives. I also help the client to establish a positive and safe environment in which they feel comfortable discussing their concerns and experiences.

Hi! I'm Kimberly Massey, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. I received my Masters in Social Work from New York University and have been practicing for over 10 years. I specialize in helping individuals overcome trauma, anxiety, and depression to become the best version of themselves and improve their overall quality of life. I also enjoy working couples and families struggling with conflict or relationship difficulties build stronger connections, improve communication, and create healthier relationship dynamics.

I am Nancy Malwitz, a Licensed Professional Counselor and I am always looking for ways to help others achieve their goals for growth and resolution of problematic issues in their lives. I spent many years working as a retail manager and learned many things about human behaviors and how to resolve conflict and help mentor and teach others about many life experiences that they may have. I approach issues and concerns with directness and open-minded, outside of the box thinking in order to help those who are seeking guidance for the concerns they have about their lives. I feel that often people have the capacity to find solutions that are good for their journey and to be able to make connections that enhance those capabilities in their own lives. I am someone who can come alongside you in helping find those pathways and answers to the questions that you may have about your own life, due to the journey that I have taken in my own experiences and life lived.

Hello, I'm Adam. Do you feel that your past or present internal and external experiences are holding you back from experiencing what you truly want to feel in your life? Do you feel that you will never be able to live the life you want to live if you continue to let your feelings and thoughts be the narrator of your life? If you answered "Yes" to any of these questions, the therapy approach I use may be what you need. You may not see it now, but you demonstrate the courage, compassion, and ability to move forward in your life even with the most difficult challenges that life has or is currently bringing to you. You could live the life you want to live and gain the ability to write out the rest of your life the way you want. I will empower and help guide you to be "psychologically flexible". I incorporate modalities such as Acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and trauma-informed approaches to help give you the opportunity to win the struggles that you have with yourself every day. Whether that be past or present trauma experiences, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, self-esteem issues, ADHD, personality disorders, OCD, or relationship issues. Together, we can identify and explore what it is that is causing you psychological pain and learn what skills/strategies will help provide you with the ability to not let life struggles/stressors cause you distress.

I’m Christy J. Manoharan, LPC, NCC. I provide virtual therapy for teens and adults in Georgia and Pennsylvania, helping you shift perspective, manage anxiety, heal from trauma, and build resilience in a safe, supportive space. I believe perspective matters and how we view our thoughts, feelings, and experiences can shape the way we live. My goal is to help teens and adults discover new perspectives that bring resilience and hope.

Hi, I'm Michelle. Are you feeling overwhelmed by the pressures and stress of life? Do you have life changes and/or transitions that have increased your worry and affected your moods? Taking the first step to begin therapy may feel intimidating. However, it may be the journey that brings you the peace and insight you need to begin living life in a positive direction. I have over 10 years' experience in working with children, adolescents and adults. There are many reasons people seek therapy. Whether life transitions, grief, anxiety, depression, or relationship struggles together we will explore how this impacts you and your daily life. Maybe you are struggling to manage and understand your child’s moods and behaviors? Is your child feeling anxious, depressed, or lacking self-confidence? Are your child's behaviors impacting your family? Parenting is hard! It can be even more challenging if your child struggles with emotional and/or behavioral problems. As a Registered Play Therapist Supervisor, I will work with you to ensure you and your child have the support and skills to be successful.

Thank you for coming here and viewing my page. I have much life experience besides work and school caring for those with a severe and persistent mental illness, mood disorders, anxiety and depression and woman's issues. Also, I have worked with many families of those struggling with mental health issues. My children and I are survivors of domestic violence and I have learned that with you can heal and reach your potential even when sometimes you do not think you can.

I began my professional career in 2005 working as a caseworker helping children and families maintain safe and healthy environments as well as financial stability. Since then I have completed masters degrees in counselor education and clinical counseling and was first licensed as a professional counselor in 2014. I'm currently credentialed as a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania and a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida. In my career, I've been privileged to serve many individuals in crisis, community based, and outpatient counseling settings. I've worked with individuals experiencing mood and anxiety concerns, addiction, trauma, and severe and debilitating mental health issues. Also, as a gender and sexually diverse member of the LGBTQIA+ community, I am well suited to address the unique needs of individuals exploring ideas related to their own gender and sexuality or that of a loved one.

Hello there! I am Carole Gigliotti, a License Professional Counselor hailing from Pittsburgh, PA and now residing in Florida. I believe in kindness, empathy and humor as the most important elements of building a therapeutic relationship. I have 15 years working as a therapist- working with various age ranges and in multiple settings. I would love to help you reach your goals, improve your relationships and be present in the moment.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in New Jersey. I received my Masters from Bryn Mawr College and have been practicing for 8 years. I help adults and couples struggling with relationship difficulty, low self-esteem and life transitions. I believe that tapping into our emotional world and understanding the past can aide using moving forward in present.