Therapists in New York

Life can be challenging causing anxiety and self doubt however your feelings matter and sometimes it is not easy to talk about them. My background with working in a mental health facility, hospital, education and child welfare have provided me with over 20 years of experience working with children, teens, individuals and families providing therapy to cope with various life transitions.

I enjoy working with individuals looking for help to understand themselves better. Worry regarding life stages and the need for a safe space to process those stages of life is where I as a Therapist comes in. I work with family systems who need help navigating to get to an improved way of functioning. My role as a Therapist is to help clients that have come to the realization of wanting to grow beyond their current circumstances both mentally/emotionally.

I have been a practicing social-worker for over 35 years. I attended Rhode Island College School of Social- Work, graduated in 1989. I have an extensive history of working with patients in outpatient mental health settings. I have provided individual and group treatment for chronically mentally ill individual . I have also worked in inpatient care. I am currently in private practice for the past 10 years.

I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and a Credentialed Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counselor (CASAC). I received my Masters in Social Work from Adelphi University and have been in practice for 8 years. I guide clients through life transitions and help them to grow and heal into the best versions of themselves. I believe that therapy can provide the guidance necessary to work through transitions and ultimately, reach your utmost potential. I work collaboratively with clients and utilize a client-centered, strengths-based approach to help them feel empowered to reach their personal goals. My goal as a therapist is to create a safe and welcoming environment, where clients are supported and guided through this process.

. I am a compassionate and dedicated therapist committed to helping individuals navigate life's challenges and achieve meaningful personal growth. I believe that every person possesses unique strengths and resilience, and my goal is to create a supportive, nonjudgmental environment where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered. Using a collaborative and strengths-based approach, I work with clients to develop practical coping skills, improve emotional well-being, and create lasting positive change. Whether you are facing anxiety, depression, stress, relationship concerns, or life transitions, I look forward to partnering with you on your journey toward healing and self-discovery.

Hello! I am an Licensed Clinical Social Worker with nearly 8 years working in my local community working community and correctional mental health. I have experience working with those who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, sex addictions, relationship issues, parenting, self esteem, and so much more! I graduated with my Masters of Social Work in 2017 from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania.

I am Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) in New York and Florida. I am also certified as a substance abuse counselor in New York (CASAC) and Florida (CAC). My extensive expertise, combined with my empathetic and empowering approach, has contributed towards helping clients like you discover your strengths and achieve meaningful change. I provide individual, couples, family and group counseling sessions.

I have been a therapist for 14 years, working virtually with teens and adults for the last 7 years. I enjoy meeting clients where they are and offering a warm and safe place to explore who they are and who they want to be. My background is in communication sciences and that has helped drive who I am as a therapist. I understand that all behavior is communicative and sometimes we need help understanding what it is we are trying to communicate to ourselves and others.

Michael holds a Bachelor's in Psychology and a Master's in Applied Counseling from Lynn University, specializing in mental health and addiction. He’s driven by the transformative “breakthrough moments” when clients gain new clarity—whether through a fresh insight, a life-changing decision, or witnessing a loved one’s growth. "Every person's journey unfolds at their own pace," Michael reflects. "Being present for those transformative moments—when everything clicks into place—reminds me why I chose this path. If you've ever experienced that sudden clarity, you know exactly what I mean. It's what makes this work endlessly rewarding."

I hold a doctoral degree in counseling psychology from the University at Albany, with specialized training in psychodynamic therapy. Over the past 14 years, I have developed an eclectic practice, working across diverse settings that have deepened my understanding of the human condition. Through this experience, I have come to appreciate both the resilience individuals possess and the challenges they face when striving toward their goals while carrying the weight of past experiences and ingrained patterns. I recognize how daily life can sometimes feel burdensome, leading to a sense of being “stuck.” I believe the therapeutic relationship provides a supportive space to gain clarity and renewed energy, helping clients move forward and foster meaningful growth.

I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 26+ years of experience helping adults navigate anxiety, chronic stress, burnout, depression, relationship challenges, and major life transitions. I have a particular passion for working with women who are accustomed to managing a great deal—careers, relationships, families, caregiving, and other responsibilities—yet find themselves feeling overwhelmed, depleted, or disconnected from themselves. My approach is warm, practical, and collaborative. Together, we’ll look beyond immediate symptoms to understand what may be keeping you stuck, while developing concrete strategies to help you feel more grounded, confident, and in control of your life. I believe therapy can be about more than simply feeling less anxious or overwhelmed. It can also be an opportunity to strengthen relationships, establish healthier boundaries, reconnect with yourself, and create meaningful, lasting change. My goal is to help you move toward a life that feels more balanced, authentic, and fulfilling.

Hello, I am a License Mental Health Counselor (LMHC, NCC), based in New York. I earned my Masters degree at CUNY Queens College. I have been practicing for 6 years assisting children, teens and adult navigating daily life stressors for a more functional day. I am authentic, with a genuine approach in building a therapeutic relationship with clients for a successful and positive therapeutic experience.

I'm Robert, a licensed CBT therapist based in New York with over 20 years of experience. I work with adults navigating anxiety and depression, and various other behavioral health issues, drawing on a background that spans a wide range of settings and populations. My approach is practical and collaborative — together, we'll build real skills to help you feel better and move forward.

I am Gordon Shearer an LCSW located in NY and have been a psychotherapist for 10 years. I love my work and enjoy meeting and working with individuals who are interested and committed to making their lives better in some meaningful way. I believe support is crucial to developing the therapeutic relationship and want to do best for my clients.

I work with deep feelers, overthinkers, cycle-breakers, and people in transition who are ready to release the old emotional stories they no longer want to live inside. My approach is warm, intuitive, grounded, and collaborative. Together, we explore the patterns, beliefs, protective responses, and inner agreements that may have formed through pain, survival, heartbreak, family dynamics, identity shifts, or repeated relational wounds. I help clients slow down, listen inward, understand what their emotions are trying to protect, and begin relating to themselves with more clarity, compassion, and choice. My work supports emotional release, self-trust, nervous system awareness, healthier boundaries, and the gradual return to one’s own voice, body, truth, and power.

I offer a calm, supportive space for people working through trauma, anxiety, and depression. My style is warm, steady, and grounded in helping you understand what you’re carrying and why it feels so heavy. Together, we slow things down, make sense of your patterns, and build tools that help you feel more in control of your life. My approach blends trauma‑informed care, CBT, and motivational interviewing. I help you notice the thoughts and beliefs that shape your emotions, explore where they come from, and practice new ways of responding that feel more compassionate and sustainable. You won’t be pushed or judged just met with curiosity, clarity, and respect for your pace. Whether you’re feeling overwhelmed, stuck, or disconnected from yourself, therapy with me is a place to feel seen and supported while you rebuild your footing. My goal is to help you move toward steadiness, self‑trust, and a life that feels more aligned with who you are and who you’re becoming.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in New York and Connecticut, providing psychotherapy to adults aged 18 and older, in person in Pleasantville NY, or through telehealth. I work with individuals who are motivated to make a change in their life, who seek help to reduce their depression, anxiety or stress; this includes individuals navigating any sort of life transition that is having an impact on their daily functioning, mood or emotional stability. Using a person-centered and collaborative approach, we would work to identify your individual needs, values, and how to practice self care while experiencing whatever circumstances life brings. I believe that therapy is most effective when it is a partnership—one where we work together to identify goals, explore challenges, and build on existing strengths.

Hi! I'm Joan Schifaudo, Licensed Clinical Social (LCSW). I graduated from Fordham University in 2002 and had so many wonderful experiences in this helping profession and I want to share them with you! I am both a listener and problem solver with help from you, the client. I use Gestalt and CBT primarily as treatment methods, but I'm not adverse as to what YOU would like to introduce to the sessions so we can create your treatment goals together!

I am Lorena Amador, a licensed mental health counselor who prioritizes walking alongside my clients as individuals, beyond any specific diagnosis. With extensive experience guiding clients toward their goals, my practice is built on a compassionate, person-centered foundation. As an eclectic therapist, i integrate evidence-based tools like CBT, DBT, and ACT to help you manage complex emotions and build psichological flexibility. Also, specializing in grief therapy, I provide a safe space for healing. Let's work together toward a more resilient , meaningful life.

Hello, I am a licensed clinical social worker in New York and Arizona. I am committed to helping individuals turn life's difficulties into opportunities for growth by building mental toughness and self-awareness. I believe therapy offers a unique opportunity to pause, reflect, and create meaningful change. Whether you are experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship difficulties, grief, or a major life transition, my goal is to provide a supportive and collaborative space where you feel heard, respected, and empowered. My experience spans 30 years. In addition to academic training, I have received training and been a trainer in Critical Incident Stress (CIS), Mindfulness, Solution-Focused Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. Recently received certified Menopause Mental Health Provider (MMHPC.) Spanish: Hola, soy trabajadora social clínica licenciada en los estados de Nueva York y de Arizona. Estoy comprometida a ayudar a las personas a transformar las dificultades de la vida en oportunidades de crecimiento, fortaleciendo la resiliencia mental y el autoconocimiento. Creo que la terapia ofrece una oportunidad única para reflexionar y generar cambios significativos. Ya sea que estés enfrentando ansiedad, depresión, dificultades en las relaciones, duelo o una transición importante en la vida, mi objetivo es brindar un espacio de apoyo y colaboración donde te sientas escuchado(a), respetado(a) y fortalecido(a). Cuento con 30 años de experiencia. Además de mi formación académica, he recibido capacitación y he sido instructora en Manejo del Estrés por Incidentes Críticos (Critical Incident Stress, CIS), mindfulness (atención plena), Terapia Centrada en Soluciones y Entrevista Motivacional. Recientemente obtuve la certificación como Especialista en Salud Mental y Menopausia.

Hi, I’m Erin. I’ve been supporting children, teens, young adults, individuals, and families therapeutically for more than seven years. I believe that feeling heard, understood, and supported can make a meaningful difference in the healing process. My approach is warm, collaborative, and strengths-based. I work alongside clients to better understand their experiences, navigate challenges, and build confidence and resilience. My goal is to create a safe, compassionate space where you can feel comfortable being yourself and supported as you move toward greater connection, clarity, and growth.

Hi! I’m a Licensed Mental Health Counselor providing therapy to clients in New York. I’m passionate about helping people make sense of their experiences, strengthen their emotional wellbeing, and build lives that feel aligned, grounded, and meaningful in everyday life. My style is warm, relational, and collaborative, as I meet you exactly where you are and walk with you from there.

Hi, I'm Key Hammonds, LCSW and yes, I'm the therapist who will make you laugh and help you breakthrough in the same session. I'm a NYC native, a mom, a community member, and a Licensed Clinician with over 18 years of experience. I earned my Master's in Social Work from NYU, but honestly some of my most important education has come from living life, navigating motherhood, doing my own healing work and overcoming adversity. This taught me resilience isn't just a buzzword, it's a practice. I practice what I preach. I believe deeply in therapy not as a last resort, but as an everyday act of self-care and courage. I will show up for you with honesty, humor, warmth, and zero judgment.

I am a licensed psychotherapist in the state of New York with eight years of professional experience supporting adults navigating stress, anxiety, anger management, life transitions, trauma, ADHD, addiction, and the emotional impact of domestic violence. I help individuals 18 and older who are ready to build healthier patterns, strengthen emotional resilience, and create meaningful change in their lives. I understand that seeking support can feel overwhelming, especially when life feels heavy or uncertain. My role is to provide a safe, open, and judgment-free environment where you can process your thoughts and emotions freely. Together, we will explore your story, identify what’s getting in the way, and move toward a life that feels more grounded, balanced, and fulfilling.

Jennifer has over 25 years working a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and has clinical experience in a variety of treatment settings including inpatient psychiatry, outpatient community mental health care, outpatient substance abuse and college mental health. My approach to therapy Her approach to counseling is holistic, fostering an individuals growth and healthy development in the mental, physical, emotional, spiritual and social areas. She utilizes a wide range of therapeutic approaches with a specific focus on cognitive -behavioral and person-centered therapy interventions to help treat individuals. Her clinical background includes both individual and group psychotherapy.

I am not a young therapist. I have learned a great deal through my life experiences which enable me to empathize with the issues that are bothering my clients. This is my second career. I went back to school later in life and received my degree in mental health counseling. My greatest satisfaction comes from my helping my clients make their lives better.

Therapy can feel broad and overwhelming. To simplify our approach, we'll seek acceptance and control of adversities that seem to dictate your life. Whatever stressors weigh on you, we'll troubleshoot what hasn't been working and process new tools to put in place. It is my responsibility to adapt to your preferences and ways of learning. I'll provide a space for you that can range from open discussion and exploration, to structured activities and weekly goals. Additionally, these steps are flexible and can be done in a matter of time that fits what you hope to achieve. All possible with individual, couples, and/or family therapy. Life is complex, causing us to feel overwhelmed, uncertain, and disoriented. Let therapy be your compass. I'm trained in individual psychotherapy as well as couples & family dynamics. Thus, we'll think systemically about your presenting concerns as needed, helping to reduce individual burdens that come with depression, anxiety, and other presenting problems. Having grown up in the helping field and being exposed to a variety of challenges, it is my pleasure to lend insight and support throughout your own adversities. I have helped a wide variety of clientele, including end of life care, couples on the verge of divorce, and addiction, to name a few. I look forward to the potential of working with you.

My name is Tatiana, and I’m glad you’ve taken this brave step toward support. Reaching out for therapy can feel vulnerable, and it’s normal to feel anxious or unsure in the beginning. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where you feel heard, respected, and empowered. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with experience working with a diverse range of clients, including those navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use, and life transitions. I take a client-centered approach, believing therapy should focus on what feels most important and comfortable for you. I tailor each session to your unique needs and goals. I integrate evidence-based approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and mindfulness. CBT helps identify and challenge unhelpful or intrusive thoughts, allowing for healthier, more balanced thinking—especially helpful for anxiety. A solution-focused approach emphasizes strengths and views challenges as manageable and solvable. When working with substance use concerns, I utilize motivational interviewing to foster motivation, insight, and meaningful change. Mindfulness techniques support grounding, present-moment awareness, and relaxation. Together, we will build coping skills, increase self-awareness, and strengthen your ability to manage life’s challenges. Therapy is a collaborative process, and I am here to support you as you work toward emotional balance, self-confidence, and a more fulfilling life.

My approach is collaborative, personalized, and focused on empowering clients with the tools and confidence to manage life’s challenges. I work well with clients who may feel ambivalent about change but are open to support in making healthier, values-based decisions. I believe progress in therapy is built on a client’s motivation, readiness, and active engagement in the process. My approach emphasizes compassion, curiosity, and collaboration in helping clients find their own path forward.

I tailor each session based on your unique needs, using a combination of evidence-based approaches such as CBT, DBT, and psychodynamic theories. During our time together, you can expect a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where you feel heard and understood. We'll work collaboratively to explore your goals, identify patterns, and develop practical tools to help you feel more in control.

Hello! I have been in the field of social work for over 25 years as a social worker/clinician and Clinical Supervisor/Director. My career has been working with children and families in various capacities. I have worked in therapeutic foster care, therapeutic preschool programs and early intervention. I have many years of experience working with individuals and families that have experienced trauma. I also see private clients of all ages. I look forward to meeting you!

I am a licensed LCSW as well as a CASAC. For the last 5 years I have treated those with serious mental illness who have recently released from a period of incarceration. However, I worked with an organization with a psychiatrist on staff who could proivde medication. I feel more comfortable assisting clients with day to day issues they may be facing in their lives, wondering perhaps why they feel stuck, why they find themselves prone to addictive behavior and endeavor to uncover with them the reasons for their feelings with the idea of changing those thoughts that engender the uncomfortable feelings and perhaps unhealthy behavior.

Hello, my name is Kristine, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based on Long Island. Since graduating from Fordham University in 2008, I have worked with a variety of populations in different clinical settings, supporting individuals through many of life’s challenges. In my current full-time role, I provide support to patients and families in hospice care, helping them navigate end-of-life experiences with compassion and empathy. I bring that same supportive approach to my private practice, where I strive to create a safe space for clients to process, heal, and grow. Everyone’s journey is unique, and I am here to help guide and support you along the way.

I am a License Mental Health Counselor in New York and Florida that works with marital counseling clients and those experiencing relationship issues and who are struggling with their sense of self confidence. My ideal client is someone who is committed to the process of self-introspection and wants to be held accountable to reach their goals. I specialize in counseling women and men on self-esteem, worth & actualization. I also support clients affected by bullying, narcissistic abuse as well as those dealing with complicated grief. As your therapist, I will assist you in discovering or uncovering yourself. This might mean realizing some difficult truths about your personality and behavior patterns, tapping into your strengths, and identifying what coping skills work for you. Or, it might mean working through emotional pain, trauma, or barriers that prevent you from being your best self. In my years of experience, I have found that once a person’s authentic identity has been discovered through therapy, clients can accept who they are, confidently speak up for themselves and understand themselves with greater perspective. Usually this leads to healthier relationship choices and dynamics. I will help you to learn more about yourself and make realistic changes.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in New York. I received my master's from the Springfield College and have been practicing for over 10 years. I help those who are struggling with anxiety, depression, general struggles of work, school, being a caregiver, dealing with the strains of chronic illness. I also work with those grieving the loss of a loved one in handling their grief.

I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) with diagnostic privilege dedicated to helping clients navigate their challenges and discover their strengths. My approach is both compassionate and direct, providing a supportive atmosphere where you can work towards personal growth. I specialize in a wide range of emotional and behavioral issues, offering individual therapy, couples therapy, and family therapy. I utilize evidence-based and mindfulness techniques tailored to your needs. Whether you’re seeking to enhance communication and understanding in your relationship or working through personal challenges, therapy can be a source of support.  

My name is Brittany DeBell and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor who blends evidence-based approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with mindfulness and nervous-system-based tools. I help adults navigate anxiety, stress, and life transitions with clarity and compassion. My goal is to help you understand your patterns, build emotional balance, and feel more grounded in your daily life.

MY passion for helping others has shaped my work as a mental health professional and guided the creation of Looking Within Mental Health Counseling PLLC. My philosophy centers on the belief that with understanding and insight, individuals can reconnect with inner peace and rediscover joy. Carla is dedicated to walking alongside clients as they explore the root causes of emotional and mental health challenges, offering steady support throughout the healing and self-discovery process.

Do you feel overwhelmed, anxious, or emotionally drained trying to keep up with life’s demands? Maybe you’re navigating a difficult relationship, a life transition, or feeling like you’ve lost a sense of yourself. If you’ve been wondering whether things can feel better—you’re not alone. I’m a bilingual (English/Spanish) therapist working with children, adolescents, and adults. I provide a safe, supportive, and culturally responsive space where you can feel heard and understood. Together, we’ll explore what’s holding you back, build coping strategies, and help you regain a sense of clarity and control.

Hello, thank you for clicking on my profile. My name is Jon, and I am an LCSW offering telehealth sessions, hoping to support people working through anxiety, depression, and trauma with a grounded, compassionate presence. I have had opportunities to work in multiple settings and have been able to provide support to many clients over the past six years. I hope that you feel seen, safe, and understood as we explore what’s weighing on you and help you reconnect with your own strength, clarity, and sense of possibility. As a visually impaired therapist, I bring both lived experience and clinical training to my work. My primary focus is to help adults manage anxiety, depression, trauma, and disability-related stress using CBT, solution-focused, humanistic, and trauma-informed approaches, with a focus on practical strategies, resilience, and meaningful change.

Welcome, I'm Alison! I'm so happy that you've taken the first step toward feeling better and becoming your best and highest self. I create a warm, safe environment for you to work through what's troubling you. I work holistically, addressing mind, body and spirit, because life works when you are in balance. If you're struggling with a challenging relationship, or wanting to figure out how to create and sustain a healthy relationship, I can help you find the tools and skills to get your needs met in this area. Because a difficult childhood can sometimes result in unsatisfying relationships in adulthood. I can help you work through and heal childhood wounds, and learn to manage the accompanying symptoms of anxiety and depression so you can create a life you love. Therapy is a big step and there's no better investment you can make than in your health and well-being. When you are ready to embark on a journey of self-discovery, message me. You will be met with compassion and gentleness.

I’m Jemila McPhee, LCSW, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a deep commitment to helping individuals navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, stress, and self-critical thinking patterns. Together, we’ll explore what’s underneath the overwhelm, calm the mental chatter, and build tools that feel authentic and doable. Every session is tailored to meet your unique needs, so together we can move you toward clarity, confidence, and peace.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is passionate about supporting individuals navigating life transitions, relationship challenges, and emotional distress. I specialize in working with clients healing from trauma, including intimate partner violence, as well as those struggling with anxiety, self-doubt, and grief. My approach is warm, collaborative, and grounded in creating a safe, nonjudgmental space where clients feel seen and heard. I understand that healing is not linear, and I meet each client where they are. Together, we work to build insight, strengthen coping skills, and reconnect you with your sense of self, confidence, and overall emotional well-being.

I have been providing Psychotherapy for over ten years at a community outpatient mental health clinic working in a multicultural environment. My experience encorporates treating clients with all types of mental health disorders especializing in anxiety, depression, trauma, health and weight issues. I incorporate an eclectic model approach using techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectic behavior theory, client centered, crisis interventions, and trauma focused.

Do you have trouble getting through the day, feeling tired or discouraged? Maybe you’re going through the motions but aren’t sure why. Many people I work with have felt overwhelmed, stressed, or just stuck. You may have found temporary coping skills that have worked to get you this far. But life’s about more than just surviving each day with the least amount of pain. I help people who are struggling with depression, anxiety, and stress, and are ready for a change. I believe you have a purpose and deserve to experience a more fulfilling life. You can learn to stop fighting and become more excited and hopeful about the future.

I am a New York State Licensed Mental Health Counselor with over 10 years of experience helping individuals navigate anxiety, stress, life transitions, women’s issues, and other emotional challenges through compassionate, evidence-based care. As a Certified Autism Specialist, I provide individualized support to autistic individuals through a strengths-based approach tailored to each person’s unique experiences and needs. My background includes work across outpatient mental health, behavioral health, and substance use treatment settings, including clinical leadership roles that strengthened my expertise in comprehensive assessment and treatment planning. I earned my Master of Science in Mental Health Counseling from State University of New York at New Paltz, and I remain committed to ongoing professional development to provide thoughtful, effective care.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who works with children, individuals, and families navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, and feelings of overwhelm or disconnection. I bring over 10 years of experience in the public school system, supporting children’s emotional and behavioral needs and partnering with families to strengthen relationships. I work with clients who feel stuck, unmotivated, or unsure how to move forward, as well as those seeking deeper self-exploration. Using evidence-based approaches, I provide a supportive, collaborative space to build coping skills, improve emotional regulation, and develop healthier patterns. My goal is to help you feel more grounded, connected, and confident in creating meaningful, lasting change.

EMILIA has training in treating children, teens and adults including those with developmental disabilities throughout life phases. She has experience using trauma focused therapy and grief therapy for survivors and caregivers. She specializes in applying CBT and mindfulness skills to help with stress-reduction, sleep and focus. Many people see an improvement within the first few sessions when using tools taught in session. Sometimes, client feel a large sense of relieve after the first session because of my approach to listen and validate.

Hi. I have been active in the field of mental health for several years, having worked with teens, children and people struggling with addictions. I also specialize in working with ADHD and helping people with struggles they have while acknowledging the strengths inherent in being neurotypical. I am an active listener but have several tools at my disposal that are known to be effective in coping with these sorts of issues.

What drew me to this path was being able to help people see that they carry the strength and resilience for resolutions on their own. Much of what people may need is some guidance and support through their healing journeys. I specialize in working with individuals navigating life transitions, anxiety, depression, and trauma. I take a client-centered, collaborative approach to therapy, tailoring each session to your unique needs and goals. Together, we'll identify challenges and work on strategies to help you move forward with confidence.