Child Therapists in Charlotte, NC

Greetings! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in North Carolina! I earned my Master of Social Work from the University of Kentucky- Big Blue Nation! I have a passion for college basketball, and the Kentucky Wildcats are my favorite team! Originally from Lexington, KY, I made the move to North Carolina in 2005. With over twenty years of experience, I collaborate with clients to help them become the best version of themselves.

Is life overwhelming for you and you are not sure how to deal with it? Is your past impacting how you are functioning in your daily life? Have you found yourself in need of someone with whom you can talk without feeling judged? I am passionate about assisting each individual with developing their strengths and effective coping skills to promote a healthier lifestyle. My name is Leslie Stover, I am a licensed clinical social worker in North Carolina. I am a proud graduate of Howard University's Social Work program. My areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and family issues. With 6 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients improve their lives and overcome challenging moments. I believe that you are the expert on your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!

Welcome! I am licensed to provide therapy in the states of North Carolina and Florida. I have 6+ years experience as a therapist and 10+ years experience working in the mental health field. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, EMDR, and Mindfulness-Based strategies. My approach to therapy is warm and collaborative. My goal is to support you in finding ways to manage stress and discover the tools you need to navigate life. Currently, services are only being offered online via a HIPAA compliant Telehealth platform.

My name is Anna and I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) and I specialize in Clinical Complex Trauma with children, teens and adults. I have also worked with various mood disorders and helping many through difficult phases in life. I have worked with individuals for about 5 years, both online and in private practice. My passion is to help those who have hit a rough patch and need help making their way to the other side.

Hi! I'm a LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS based in North Carolina and practicing in NC, SC, GA, ME and NH. I received my Doctorate in Counseling Psychology from Argosy University and two Masters from Webster University in Counseling and Health Administration. I have been practicing for over 20 years and enjoy working with a diverse population of people. I have several areas of expertise and enjoy using them to support my clients in their overall life goals and plans for success.

Hello! I'm Nena, your down-to-earth licensed clinical mental health counselor and spiritual healer. I'm a proud alumna of both Grand Canyon University and Delphi University, where I gathered the knowledge and skills that help me guide you through life's mazes. In our sessions, imagine us sitting in a circle of trust, where science meets the spirit, and where your mental health finds sanctuary. Together, we'll explore the landscapes of your inner world, uncover hidden strengths, and maybe even share a laugh or two as we journey towards a more joyful, balanced you. Welcome to a place where healing happens and where every step forward is celebrated with heart and soul!

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in North Carolina. I graduated in 2020 with my Master's of Social Work from Western Carolina University, and I've been working with youth and families for over 15 years, 8 of those being in the mental health field. I help neurodivergent, queer, and gender-expansive adolescents, teens, and young adults find ways to live authentically as themselves in a world that can be unkind and harsh. I also support people who have had negative experiences with therapy in the past and want to try again with a more person-centered and affirming approach.

My goal is to assist you in developing your vision and journey in becoming your best and desired self. I am person centered and enjoy applying creative strategies in my practice; such as the use of art, music-videos, narrative mediums and activities. I believe that everyone is capable of change. I have extensive experience with working with adolescents, adults, and families. I am an active supporter of persons and groups of varied cultural backgrounds and individuals in the LGBTQ+ community.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Social Worker (LCSW) based in North Carolina. I received my Masters from East Carolina University and have been practicing for 6 years. Over the past several years I have worked closely with all populations including children, adolescents, adults, and families. I have extensive experience with anxiety, depression, adhd, trauma, family conflict, behavioral issues, and crisis intervention.

Hello! My name is Chandra and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker located in North Carolina. I earned my Master of Social Work degree from Indiana University School of Social Work (IUPUI). I help people cope with life transitions and the stress that comes along with them. I have 19 years of experience working with youth and families in various settings.

Greetings. I am a LCMHC, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, based in Charlotte, NC. I received my Masters from Capella University and have been practicing for three years. I help children, adolescents, teens, adults, and families in achieving their fullest potential and becoming the best version of themselves. On this journey I have acquired the skills to assist you with better managing your mental health and working towards measurable goals.

My training, clinical background and experience supports a culturally informed and sensitive approach focused solely on your needs, beliefs and goals. I look at our collaborative therapeutic relationship much like being an honored passenger seat support for your path as the driver. I believe in inherent, unconditional and unchangeable self-worth as the fundamental foundation. Life’s ups and downs being the variable factors that can impact confidence, self-esteem and emotional well-being. I believe in therapy because I have seen the value it brings both as therapist and as a client myself. Thank you for considering me, I look forward to working with you. :-)

After completing my undergraduate Degree in Media Communications at Asbury University, I spent a year working alongside at-risk youth in inner-city Houston where my desire to become a counselor began. Upon leaving Houston, I moved back Charlotte to be close to family and pursue a Masters In Clinical Mental Health at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. During that time utilized my creative abilities to teach high school photography, full time video edit, and freelance local photography and videography. Upon graduating with my masters and becoming licensed, I worked in community-based services for more than 4 years, counseling teens and at-risk youth and their families in the Charlotte area. During my time, I gained a wealth of knowledge in clinical care, confidence in myself as a new clinician and, developed a love for in home therapy and higher levels of care. Even though my desire to own my own practice led me to step down fully from community based services, I still continue to clinically lead an intensive in home team with a local organization in Charlotte on my days when I am not in the office. On the weekends you can almost always find me hanging out with my husband, hiking, eating my way though the city—and making up for it on the Peloton—or constantly laughing at my goofy Sheepadoodle named Pepper—I have high hopes that one day she will be chill enough to be my therapy assistant.

Greetings! I am a culturally sensitive Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) practicing in North Carolina for over 18 years. I have extensive history with working with young adults (children, adolescents, families) within school and outpatient settings. I enjoy working with college aged adults struggling with school and home stressors, life transitions; in addition to specializing issues related to multiracial identities.

As a licensed clinical mental health counselor with 10+ years of experience, I have worked with a range of clients and mental health challenges. My expertise centers around helping people heal from past hurt, calm down anxious thoughts, and find their voice to create healthier relationships. My approach is collaborative, strength based, and holistic. I believe everyone has everything they need within them to live their best life. My role is to support and encourage you on your journey to uncover your inner strengths to live a life in peace and wholeness. Together we will explore multiple aspects of your life and set goals in each area. I will teach you new skills and support you as you become stronger and more resilient in overcoming your stressors.

I am a professional counselor, consultant, human development and nature healing specialist. I am licensed with the state of North Carolina Board for Licensed Professional Counselors (#6516) and a National Certified Counselor (#229164). I received my Bachelor of Arts degree in Elementary Education in 1996 and both Masters and Specialists degrees of Education in Mental Health Counseling from the University of Florida in August of 2000. My continuing ed & training focus has mainly been on trauma and dissociation throughout the last 26 years. The majority of my life experiences have centered around learning as much as I can about trauma and dissociation; how we can increase our awareness in order to increase our "window of realness." We often hear about improving our "window of tolerance" in order to tolerate the ever more increasing demands of our world. By increasing our "Window of realness" we move toward our most authentic selves. I often use an eclectic approach bringing together a variety of types of therapy to help my clients express what they need to express from the various different developmental levels that traumatic material gets stuck within. For example in one session you may find we start out by talking and end by drawing, playing, or dancing. Whatever brings you in: trauma, grief, struggling with dissociation, anxiety or depression, it's my hope that by providing a soft place to land, you will feel comfortable enough in your own skin to begin to be curious to explore what's on your mind. You'll feel acknowledged, respected and empowered as an individual, as a human being, with rights and needs, through the compassionate and empathic way that I will relate with you. From, the very first session, you can begin to claim back your power.

I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (S10174) in North Carolina. I received my MA in Community and Mental Health Counseling, from Webster University in 2011. I have been in clinical practice since 2012. I have a myriad of counseling experience working with children, adults, couples, and families that have focused on a variety of presenting problems such as depression, divorce recovery, marital conflict, anxiety, codependency, parenting techniques, grief, sexual brokenness and life transition. I provide an individualized treatment approach, displaying honesty and empathy while also offering a space that's safe and allows you to be your true self. I am dedicated to making the treatment experience worthwhile as we all strive to become a better version of ourselves.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) based in North Carolina. I received my Masters from the Gardner-Webb University and have been practicing for 9 years. I help young adults and children struggling with career/school stress as well as feeling stuck in a life. All the pressures we have today lead to melancholy and burnout. Lets work together to help you become the best versions of yourself so you can feel peace and contentment.

I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) and Certified Play Therapist with nearly 10 years of experience as a school counselor. Additionally, I have over a decade of experience providing individual and family therapy in a private practice setting. Helping clients navigate life's challenges and achieve emotional well-being through tailored therapeutic approaches is the goal of my work.

John Swails is an ordained minister, a Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), and Marine Corp Veteran, with military mental-health practice experience addressing traumatic stress, separation, family grief, and relationship issues, and civilian experience addressing physical and sexual abuse, single-mothers with dual diagnosed children, and group therapy for middle-school and teens to develop resiliency. As a therapist, John utilizes proven DBT, Strategic, CBT-Family, Solution-Focused, and other systemic techniques to address individual, couple, and family issues. As a minister John is sensitive to the beliefs of the client and is ready to explore spiritual solutions to any issue.

Hi, my name is Kateryna Chorna, and I am a Mental Health Therapist. I specialize in helping adults who struggle with anxiety, depression, and trauma to manage their negative emotions so they feel safer, calmer, and more in control of themselves and their lives. I understand how overwhelming and debilitating these conditions can be, and I am here to support, guide, and empower you on your journey towards healing and recovery. I bring to the table proven expertise and experience in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), Safe and Sound Protocol(SSP), Bio Dynamic Breathwork and Trauma Release System (BBTRS) and I am a Trauma and Resilience Practitioner (CTRP). These credentials enable me to equip you with the tools necessary to manage anxiety, depression, and PTSD in a sustainable and healthy manner. You don't have to struggle alone or let negative emotions define your life. Together, we can work towards a brighter future where you feel safer, calmer, and more in control of yourself and your life. Don't let negative emotions hold you back any longer.

I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) based in North Carolina. I received my Master of Arts in Counseling with a Emphasis in Professional Mental Health Counseling and a Master of Arts in Human Resource Management from Webster University. I have 16+ years of Clinical experience practicing Outpatient Therapy . I assist children and adults struggling with depression, anxiety, and other mental conditions with developing coping skills to manage their symptoms on a daily basis without disruptions to their lifestyles and daily functioning.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with six years of dedicated experience supporting individuals, children, and families in overcoming life’s challenges. I received my Master’s Degree in Social Work from North Carolina Central University and began my career as an Intensive In-Home Therapist, where I developed a deep understanding of family dynamics, conflict resolution, and effective communication strategies. My passion lies in empowering clients—especially young adults through the elderly—to build self-motivation, enhance self-image, and achieve lasting personal growth. I believe in a collaborative, client-centered approach that emphasizes resilience, self-determination, and meaningful change.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) located in North Carolina, holding a master's degree from Walden University. My practice focuses on assisting individuals facing a range of mental health challenges, such as depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. Additionally, I provide support to new mothers dealing with feelings of "mom guilt" and the difficulties associated with the transition to parenthood. I employ various evidence-based approaches to empower my clients in achieving their mental health objectives.

Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) and Licensed Clinical Addiction Specialist (LCAS). I earned my Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and Master of Science in Mental Health Counseling with a concentration in Rehabilitation counseling from North Carolina Agricultural & State University. I have more than 7 years of experience serving various populations in Outpatient and Inpatient settings. I have experience providing individual & group therapy to children, adolescents and adults struggling with a variety of issues and concerns including substance abuse, serious and persistent mental illness, criminal justice involvement,and mood disorder.

Hi, I’m Kelly! I am a Licensed Clinical Social worker in the state of NC. I am an LGBTQIA+ affirming therapist. I have been working as an outpatient child/adolescent therapist for the last three years. My goal as a therapist is to create an environment that you feel comfortable growing in and allowing you the space to heal. I have experience with treating children/adolescents and young adults (18-25) with anxiety, depression, trauma, eating disorders, as well as detailed parenting skills for children with behavioral struggles. I also have experience working with young adults that are transitioning to/from college. My approach to therapy is warm, inviting, and I love to incorporate humor in sessions when appropriate. I am here to support you through healing and growth!

Do you struggle with feeling disconnected from yourself and/or others? Do you feel like your life could be more fulfilled? Life entails wins, successes, accomplishments, ups and downs, transitions, unexpected events, detours, stumbling blocks, and so much more. My passion is boosting your self-efficacy, meanwhile, helping you to identify and implement new perspectives and practices to transform and start living a better life. It might mean learning to set boundaries, working through a loss, coping with life transition(s), altering your thinking process, and changing behavior(s) and patterns that are keeping you stuck. Regardless of what it is, my goal is to normalize prioritizing your self-care, improve your coping capacity, build resilience, and increase your self-awareness.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in North Carolina. I received my Masters from the Western Carolina University (go Cats!) and have been practicing individual therapy for 4 years. I have worked closely with elementary-aged children to address social anxieties, self-esteem, and impulsivity. I have also provided services for individuals struggling with stress-management and ADHD. I have experience working directly with geriatrics and veterans as well.

Hi there! My name is Erin Dey and I am a licensed clinical social worker located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. I have a masters’ degree from Columbia University, and I specialize in helping clients successfully navigate challenging life transitions. I work with individuals of all ages, families, couples, and groups both in person as well as online. My approach to counseling is solutions-focused, strengths-based, and relational.

Hello, I am Lori Breland MA, NCC, LCMHC, C-DBT. My primary focus is working with juvenile females/ at risk youth aged 11-17 with significant behaviors and/or involved in the court system. I am a MA (Master's in Clinical Mental Health Counseling), NCC (National Certified Counselor), LCMHC (Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor), and C-DBT (Certified in Dialectical Behavioral Therapy. I am a member of ACA, ACES, Chi Upsilon Chi Honor Society, and Southern ACES.

My name is Iesha Bell. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. and a Licensed Independent Social Worker- CP. I have 13 years of professional work experience. I have experience in assisting adults, children, and families. I have experience in helping clients with family conflicts, anger management, motivation, self-esteem, confidence, & depression. I ensure to have and show my passion to assist, empathy, compassion, and drive for the individuals that I serve.

I provide individual therapy and family therapy that is person centered and meets the client where they are. The process of counseling is a team effort and I strive to assist (you) my clients with identifying strengths, recognizing supports, developing self-awareness, and accepting accountability I use a variety of approaches (eclectic) to meet the needs of my clients. I specifically use interpersonal psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, Family Systems Therapy, and Mindfulness Based Counseling. All treatments are supported by the following values: • People are doing the best they can with the skills that they have. • People can change. • People do get better. • People may not have created their problems, but they do have to live with them. • The therapeutic relationship is a safe place to explore issues, learn innovative ways of thinking and acting, and practice skills. To maximize the benefits of counseling, I will often ask clients to complete homework assignments including practicing new skills with follow up reports. I am also a mother, wife, life long student, parent of a disabled child, and support to many.

I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor based in North Carolina, dedicated to helping individuals navigate life’s challenges with both professional expertise and real-life experience. My approach combines book knowledge with lived experiences, allowing me to connect with clients on a deeper level and provide meaningful support. I work with clients to explore how life has mentally stagnated them, how they have responded to those challenges, and most importantly—how they can overcome them. My focus is not just on where you’ve been but on what we can accomplish together to help you grow, heal, and elevate into the person you desire to be.

Change can be scary, but it doesn't have to be. We all face situations throughout life that can make us feel overwhelmed and in need of support, encouragement, strategic planning or goal setting. You are not alone. I provide a safe, warm and friendly environment for growth and healing. You may need support in family life transitions, a parent-child relationship, peers groups, marriage, divorce, social issues, academic challenges or behavioral issues. While we are working together, I take a collaborative approach to help you to achieve your goals and overcome the challenges you're facing in life. I am here to support and empower you on your personal journey. Recognizing when issues in life have become too much to handle alone and seeking assistance is a great first step on your healing journey. It takes a lot of courage to reach out to someone, so I applaud you on taking that first huge step.

I'm always asked, "What made you want to become a therapist?" The answer is simple: I truly enjoy helping others. You see, I understand life's challenges, as I, too, have faced difficulties over the years, and my journey has not always been easy. I utilized therapy as a tool for support and as a way to move forward. I offer support by walking beside you on your journey to become the person you want to be. As a therapist, I am passionate about helping individuals, including children, teens, and adults, navigate life's challenges by providing a compassionate and safe space to explore their thoughts and emotions. I received a Master's Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of the Cumberlands. I have worked in the mental health and child welfare field for over 20 years. In my free time, you will find me enjoying the outdoors, reading and spending time with my energetic and adorable miniature schnauzer.

Hi, I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) based out of Morehead City, North Carolina. I have my Masters in Counseling from East Carolina University and have been working in this area for the past 13 years. I have mostly been working with adolescent and young adults during this time, but can work with any aged client that is ready to begin their counseling journey.

Do you find yourself tired of having other people's worldviews and judgments imposed upon you? Do you feel that no matter how hard you try, nothing you do is ever enough? It is my goal to provide a safe space where clients can truly be themselves without fear of judgment. As a result, I do not believe in a one size fits all approach to therapy. I work to tailor each session to fit the needs of the person/persons in front of me. I work with couples and families to help them find peace and stability in their relationships. I also have extensive experience working with children and teenagers, having worked with them in various settings and roles. These experiences enable me to consider every aspect of their life, and how they affect the child and teen's well being and mental health. I am honored to work with my clients, and do not take the responsibility lightly. During our sessions I will offer compassion, hope and ways to deal with the issues you are facing.

Hi, I’m Kendra, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in North Carolina with 7 years of experience. I earned my BSW from the University of North Carolina Wilmington in 2016 and my MSW from NC State University in 2018. I specialize in trauma-informed therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and solution-focused therapy. My experience includes working with trauma, ADHD, behavioral issues, depression, anxiety, and grief. I believe therapy should be both meaningful and enjoyable. I approach sessions with an optimistic attitude, creating a supportive space where clients feel empowered. You are the expert of your own life—I’m here to guide and support you on your journey to growth and healing.

I have been in clinical practice for 11 years. I am a licensed clinical mental health counselor supervisor (LCMHCS) in the state of North Carolina. I am also a board-certified counselor (NCC) and an approved clinical supervisor (ACS). I earned my Master of Arts in Professional Counseling from Liberty University in 2013. I earned my Doctor of Education in Community Care and Counseling focused in traumatology in 2022. For the past eight years, I have worked with service members and their family members in an outpatient setting. Prior to that, I worked in an inpatient setting with individuals suffering from persistent chronic mental illness.

Hi, I'm Bethany, a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in NC. I earned my Masters in 2011 and have been doing therapy for 10 years. I love helping people overcome stress, guilt, and anxiety through learning how to cope more effectively. I am passionate about maternal mental health and helping families become more functional. I help clients identify their strengths and show them how to use them to become the best version of themselves.

Hi, I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in the State of North Carolina. I have 4 years of experience as a therapist, but over 15 years of experience in the mental health field. I received my Masters Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Kentucky. I'm very passionate about helping individuals to address their challenges and live more rewarding lives.

Hello! I'm a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) in North Carolina and a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Virginia, with a Master's degree from Xavier University of Louisiana. With three years of experience as a therapist and a background of 17 years in school counseling, I specialize in supporting individuals on their journey toward improved well-being and personal growth. By fostering a supportive and non-judgmental environment, I guide clients in embracing their authenticity and making meaningful changes. My focus areas include helping clients navigate anxiety, stress, and self-care concerns, aiming to enhance their overall quality of life.

Hello. My name is Paige Fuqua. I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) in North Carolina. I earned my master's degree in counseling from East Carolina University and have over 13 years of experience as a counselor. I enjoy working with adolescents, young adults, and adults who are seeking support in making life changes, improving relationships, and feeling better both mentally and physically.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and have been providing mental health therapy for 30 years. I offer a supportive, empathic ,safe environment for clients to explore issues they are dealing with. I am experienced in working with diverse populations including adults, adolescents, families, and couples. I find that helping people develop successful communication skills is a common theme across almost all client situations. Building on client strengths helps people address issues and create coping skills. My approach is individualized to the persons unique characteristics.

My name is Tomeka A Bridges and I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC). I earned a Master’s Degree in Counseling Psychology and General Mental Health Counseling from Capella University. My counseling experience includes over ten years providing individual, couples and group therapy to adults, adolescents and children in both office and telehealth settings. My goal in working with clients is to empower them to discover their inner strength so they can increase their joy, happiness, purpose and connection with others.

Are you or your kiddo struggling with racing thoughts, constant worry, panic, or anger? What about trauma? Have you or your kiddo been through an upsetting event and now struggle with nightmares, isolation, or focus? Does your kid refuse to go to school? I can help! Your Story Rewritten helps people of all ages overcome anxiety, OCD, and trauma while providing the tools needed to get back to enjoying life. Your Story Rewritten uses trauma-informed therapies such as Child Parent Psychotherapy, Trauma-Focused- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, CBT, and DBT to help littles, bigs, caregivers and people of all ages rewrite their stories. This is all lingo for teaching you the skills you or your kid need to manage your big feelings, increase your distress tolerance, improve relationships, and get you back to the life you imagined.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) based in North Carolina. I received my Masters from Madonna University and my Doctoral degree from Oakland University. I have been in practice for over 22 years. I am who people of all ages consult with when they are struggling with embodying their true and best self. Teaming up with me has helped many people get "unstuck and out of the funk" ultimately moving towards their unique version of living their best life.

Hello. I'm a National Board Certified, Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) based in North Carolina. I'm also a National Certified Anger Management Specialists (CAMS-II). I received my Masters in Mental Health Counseling from Capella University and have been practicing for 6 years. I help children and adults struggling with mental health symptoms to become the best versions of themselves.

I’m Melissa Turner, a licensed clinical social worker dedicated to helping you navigate the emotions and challenges of life. Whether you are struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, communication struggles, relationship issues, parenting, or transitions, our sessions will provide you with a safe and non-judgmental space to heal and grow. I use a combination of modalities and offer video, in person, and outdoor sessions. I have a big focus on self care and giving ourselves grace.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clincial Social Worker based in NC. I received my Masters from the Our Lady of The Lake University in San Antonio, TX., and have been practicing for 6 years. I help adelescents, adults, and elderly set boundaries, learn coping skills, and foster positive communication to overcome challenges they are facing. I also have certified in Trauma Focused - Cogntive Behavioral Therapy, ADHD certified, and Parent Instructor certified.