Therapists in Tennessee

Thom Barry

Thom Barry, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LCSW
13 years of experience
Virtual
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 13 years of experience helping clients. I am a proud ‘Appalachian-American’ that was born and raised deep in the mountains of Upper Northeast TN. Although many of my personal life experiences are about what one would expect of someone growing up in East TN (cue banjo music🪕 ), my work experiences have been vastly different. I have been fortunate to get to work with individuals from all walks of life. I have worked with clients from preschool to post retirement. Thanks to the internet I have been able to help individuals across the globe, from various cultures, diverse religious beliefs, race, gender spectrums, socioeconomic status, etc. One thing I have learned in my work with all of these individuals is that although each of their stories are unique, ultimately, they all seek/want the same core things. I think much of my success in working with a wide assortment of clients is that I attempt to be open, understanding, curious and cultivate a nonjudgmental atmosphere for our sessions. The working relationship between a therapist and their client is a key factor to client’s achieving treatment goals.

Brittney Wilcox

(she/her)

Brittney Wilcox, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$120/session
LPC/MHSP
10 years of experience
Virtual
If you are looking to stop running from who you truly are and ready to remove the mask that you are wearing... lets start your path to healing! So many of us wear masks that were given to us from traumas, our heart breaks, society, attachments, trauma bonds, dysfunctional families, and everywhere else except from our true soul. We are wearing masks and costumes that's created out of pain and hurt. Lets work together to clip that mask and burn it to usher in a new way of living. A healed way of living.. a life where you're thriving instead of simply surviving. All it takes is one click to start your healing journey! Lets Go!

Dr. Lesa Cook

(she/her)

Dr. Lesa Cook, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$125/session
LCSW
20 years of experience
Virtual
Dr. Cook specializes in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and trauma-focused care for individuals, couples, and families. She is an experienced child and family therapist with over 20 years in the field. Dr. Cook provides treatment for children, adolescents, and adults experiencing mental health challenges related to depression, anxiety, PTSD, ADHD, and various behavioral difficulties. As a nationally certified and rostered Trauma-Focused CBT provider, Dr. Cook is uniquely qualified to treat those affected by a childhood history of abuse and/or neglect. Other areas of specialty include personality disorders, intellectual disabilities and grief/loss therapy. Dr. Cook uses a strengths-based approach that is solution-focused and practical.

Dr. Lauren Smith

(she/her)

Dr. Lauren Smith, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$125/session
LCSW
10 years of experience
Virtual
I hold a BA in psychology with a minor in children's studies and a master's degree in social work. I was licensed as a clinical social worker in Florida in 2020. I earned my doctorate in social work at Walden University. I have worked in various settings including foster care, jails, and schools. My counseling style is laid-back and conversational. I believe in creating safe and open spaces for people to be themselves and share their truths. My approach combines cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, psychodynamic, and attachment counseling. I will tailor the treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs.

Ashley Leary

(she/her)

Ashley Leary, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$130/session
LPC/MHSP
10 years of experience
Virtual
Hello! I am a licensed mental health counselor with more than 10 years of experience. I specialize in providing transformative individual therapy for adults and teens. My extensive experience encompasses a wide range of client issues, with key focuses on general anxiety, social anxiety, OCD, life transitions, dating and relationship challenges, and depression. Embracing a wellness perspective, I am passionate about tapping into your inherent strengths and abilities to pave the way for healing. I highly value your unique individuality, and my treatment methods are adaptable to diverse values and needs. By considering your holistic health, I aim to help you make swift and enduring results in your mental well-being journey.

Emilio Yonta

(he/him)

Emilio Yonta, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$125/session
LCSW
44 years of experience
Virtual
Hello, I am a licensed clinical social worker in FL, AL, TN, and SC. I received my MSW degree from Barry University in Miami Shores, Miami, FL. and I have over 40 years of practice experience. I have extensive experience in community and emergency mental health, crisis intervention. I was in private practice for 21 years serving individuals, couples, families, community agencies and municipalities. While in private practice I also became a life coach and personal fitness trainer developing a unique approach to behavior and life style change. I combined my clinical experience with life coaching and personal fitness training and formed a program called Your Life in Focus. This paradigm became an extremely effective approach to help individuals make significant and sustained life-style changes. My experience, and creative approaches can have important and meaningful impact on your life.

Jennifer Lutz

Jennifer Lutz, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$180/session
LCSW
25 years of experience
Virtual
Hey there, I'm Jenn. I am a licensed clinical social worker and began working as a therapist in 2002. Are you feeling overwhelmed by work, stress from your relationships, family, or parenting? You may be putting on a confident and brave face, but secretly you're overthinking every situation and decision that you make. Life is harder to manage when you're feeling overwhelmed and stressed. You may feel like you're stuck and, unable to move forward. It's time to take a deep breath, regroup, and reflect on your life and the changes you want to make to build long-term fulfillment. Let's face it - You deserve it! Let's talk about what's been going on and see how we can work together to make some positive changes in your life. I specialize in working with adults (18+) who are experiencing anxiety, attachment issues, depression, grief/loss, infertility, midlife transitions, parenthood struggles, and perinatal/postpartum mood disorders. My approach to therapy is always client-focused: I believe the relationship between therapist and client is central to reducing distress, increasing self-compassion/understanding, and improving emotional wellness. I help individuals safely process their emotions and experiences to learn practical, strength-based coping strategies and techniques for symptom management/reduction. I believe working through some of the most difficult times in our life requires additional support. I recognize that it takes courage to seek help, and in our work together we'll utilize your strengths to help you make the change you're looking for.

Rebecca Gregory

Rebecca Gregory, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$125/session
LPC/MHSP
10 years of experience
Virtual
Hello! I'm Rebecca. In my more than10 years as a counselor, I have been humbled by the experiences of my clients. Choosing to seek counseling is hard. It means being vulnerable with a stranger to say, "I need help," and, "I can't fix this by myself." I would like to guide you on your journey to healing. I help my clients through the difficult and emotional process of healing relationships and overcoming the challenges of life in all its stages.

Deborah Vaughn

(she/her)

Deborah Vaughn, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$120/session
LPC/MHSP
20 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
1630 S Church S...
Hi. My name is Deborah Vaughn and I have dedicated my life to making your life better. I have laughed and I have loved. I have cried and I have lost. I have experienced anxiety and depression, poverty and wealth. I have had beauty and acceptance, age and neglect. I have given birth to four children, two that were incarcerated for crimes, and I have had them brought back to me renewed again in life. I've been sad and lonely and I have been on top of the mountain singing praises to the God of the Universe. Experiences, I've had too many to number, both good and bad, and I have learned from each and every one. Empathy I have for all, because I too have probably been there, or I could have been there easily enough. I have saved them all in my mind and heart so that I can help you through any of them you might need my help with. Sincerely, Deborah

Allysa Hupko

(she/her)

Allysa Hupko, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$125/session
LCSW
8 years of experience
Virtual
I am committed to providing quality mental health services for the entire family. The goal is to create a safe and respectful space for the self-discovery of strengths that promote healing and wholeness in every area of life. I am a qualified mental health professional, as a licensed master's level clinician I have over twenty-seven years of experience working in social services with women, families within child welfare; I have eight years of private practice with a specialty of trauma, grief, and loss. I have committed my professional and personal life to work and care for at-risk populations, the emotionally challenged, and the displaced. I enjoy the service of empowering individuals to live productive; holistic lifestyles. - Allysa Hupko LSCSW

Maria Garcia

(she/her)

Maria Garcia, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LPC/MHSP
8 years of experience
Virtual
Hello! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with an MHSP designation, bringing 7 years of experience supporting teens, adults, and couples facing challenges related to grief, anxiety, depression, life transitions, and cultural issues. My approach involves helping clients identify obstacles to achieving their optimal selves, fostering a healthy mental health lifestyle. I work collaboratively with clients to understand and manage life difficulties, equipping them with the skills to thrive in various circumstances. My primary focus is on utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to support clients on their journey towards growth and healing.

Tammy Snyder

(she/her)

Tammy Snyder, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LPC/MHSP
7 years of experience
Virtual
Hi I am Tammy. There are times life becomes difficult. Obstacles present themselves and you just need guidance on how to overcome or cope with them. Situations may cause you to feel as if there is a loss of control of your life. Generational challenges, including trauma, addictions, communication problems, and stress could cause a once-balanced lifestyle to become chaotic. Life happens and everyone needs an advocate. For those times I am there to help clients, move forward and maneuver life, family, career, and social interactions. Allow me to support and guide you through your growth and self-awareness process. You are welcome to contact me, so we can start a journey of healing.

Marsha Litton-Baker

Marsha Litton-Baker, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$130/session
LPC/MHSP
20 years of experience
Virtual
In my career spanning over 20 years, 12 of those years have been as a Licensed Professional Counselor and Mental Health Service Provider focusing on outpatient behavioral health. I like to inform clients, that like all humans, I am far from perfect even though I am on the other side of the desk with the answers and knowledge. This helps to build rapport and allows authentic and vulnerable conversations to occur through my nonjudgmental eyes, open minded thoughts, being a great listener, providing honesty, and direct feedback.

Juan Valenzuela

Juan Valenzuela, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LCSW
4 years of experience
Virtual
I am a Christian-informed therapist licensed in multiple States. With a background in clinical social work and a desire to see the building up of the body of Christ, I am passionate about supporting and encouraging my brothers and sisters as they seek to navigate the difficulties of life and develop resilience that can lead to personal healing and spiritual growth. My areas of expertise include managing stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, faith formation, identity and purpose, peer relationships, transitional challenges, conflict resolution, forgiveness, etc.

Tenikka Denard

(she/her)

Tenikka Denard, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LPC/MHSP
10 years of experience
Virtual
As a licensed clinical mental health counselor with 10+ years of experience, I have worked with a range of clients and mental health challenges. My expertise centers around helping people heal from past hurt, calm down anxious thoughts, and find their voice to create healthier relationships. My approach is collaborative, strength based, and holistic. I believe everyone has everything they need within them to live their best life. My role is to support and encourage you on your journey to uncover your inner strengths to live a life in peace and wholeness. Together we will explore multiple aspects of your life and set goals in each area. I will teach you new skills and support you as you become stronger and more resilient in overcoming your stressors.

Roy Woods

(he/him)

Roy Woods, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$170/session
LPC/MHSP
15 years of experience
Virtual
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and National Certified Counselor (NCC) with over 15 years of experience dedicated to helping clients reprogram maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling, and acting. My approach integrates evidence-based therapies such as CBT, mindfulness, and motivational interviewing to support clients in overcoming challenges and achieving their mental health goals. I create a compassionate and collaborative environment, empowering individuals to find healing, resilience, and fulfillment in their lives.

Molly Heiss

(she/her)

Molly Heiss, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$85/session
LCSW
10 years of experience
Virtual
I am an LCSW based in TN with ten years of experience with mental health and substance use disorders. I have a passion for working with individuals, couples, and families. I use a process approach to healing that fosters a safe space for each client. I am a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP) with an exposure focused practice perspective.

Justin Forgette

(he/him)

Justin Forgette, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$95/session
LPC/MHSP
15 years of experience
Virtual
Hey, I am a Christian Licensed Professional Counselor residing in Tennessee. I am a husband and father. I have been counseling for 15+ years. I have done a lot of work with adolescents and adults who struggle with addictions. I am passionate about mens issues, but I have helped men and women with trauma. I love to help people on their path to wellness, realizing everyone moves at their own pace.

Stacey Shine

Stacey Shine, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$120/session
LPC/MHSP
15 years of experience
Virtual
Hello! My name is Stacey Shine. Whether you're navigating anxiety, relationship challenges, past trauma, or simply feeling overwhelmed by daily life, therapy can offer clarity and relief. I work with individuals (ages 10 and up) and couples to explore what’s not working, uncover inner strengths, and develop practical tools for real, lasting change. Clients often share that they feel at ease in our sessions—that therapy feels low-stress, grounded, and collaborative. My goal is to create a space where you can speak freely, feel safe, and do meaningful work toward your personal goals. My approach is warm, direct, and personalized. I draw from evidence-based practices including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Solution-Focused Therapy, The Gottman Method for couples, and Strengths-Based techniques. Whether we're tackling anxiety, improving communication, or building resilience, we'll move at a pace that feels right for you. Therapy doesn't have to feel intimidating. It can be a supportive space to pause, reflect, and grow—and you don’t have to do it alone. If you’re ready to take the next step, I’d be honored to walk alongside you.

Hannah Martin

(she/her)

Hannah Martin, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$110/session
LCSW
5 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
7030 Lee Hwy, C...
Hey there, I am Hannah. I am a licensed clinical social worker passionate about helping people reach their goals. I am ready to help you find solutions or help you cope when there just isn't a solution. Mental health is a journey, and I will be there to help you every step of the way. I work in person in Chattanooga Monday's and Wednesdays, and virtual Tuesday Thursday and Friday. My hours are 9am to 630pm M-F. I see people in person Mon, Tues. Weds. only. I can see people in Florida, South Carolina and Idaho via telehealth. I accept most commercial insurances and TN Medicare and TN Medicaid (not united health care community plan of tn yet)

Kari Vincent

(she/her)

Kari Vincent, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LPC/MHSP
2 years of experience
Virtual
Hello and welcome! Are you seeking to heal from past wounds, enhance your relationship with yourself, or improve your connections with others? My work is deeply rooted in supporting clients through trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, mood disorders, and attachment styles, while also fostering healthy, fulfilling relationships. I draw on a variety of proven techniques—like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), attachment theory, Internal Family Systems (IFS), Gestalt therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Narrative Exposure Therapy, the Gottman Method, psycho-education, and Positive Psychology. This allows me to tailor our sessions to your unique needs and help you achieve your goals.

Arnold Presley

Arnold Presley, LP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$200/session
LP
19 years of experience
Virtual
I am a Clinical Psychologist with over 19 years of experience in the area of Physical, Emotional and Sexual Trauma. I have provided services to military, law enforcement and crime victims as well as those who have less violent experiences that cause problems with their family members and spouses. I feel that it is essential for people to have a safe, respectful and healthy relationship with their loved ones in order to fully appreciate and enjoy life to the fullest.

Meredith Mahaney

(she/her)

Meredith Mahaney, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$140/session
LPC/MHSP
12 years of experience
Virtual
Hello! My name is Meredith and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Mental Health Services Provider who has been working in this field for 11 years. I have seen a wide array of challenges that we, as humans, experience on a regular basis. I have worked with both adolescents and adults, and I enjoy working with both. Building a therapeutic alliance with you, we will determine together how to best navigate whatever allowed you to make the courageous decision to seek help.

Melissa Whelpley

(she/her)

Melissa Whelpley, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy

Frequently rebooked

$125/session
LCSW
5 years of experience
Virtual
"We don't have to do it all alone; we were never meant to." – Brené Brown This belief is at the heart of my work as a therapist. I am passionate about walking alongside my clients as a team, helping them navigate challenges and achieve their goals. Many people share things with me that they have never shared with anyone else, which is why I believe that trust and the therapeutic relationship are the most important foundations of therapy. I work with individuals ages 10 to 55 and have experience supporting both individuals and families. I am trained in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Attachment, Self-Regulation and Competency (ARC), Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT), Child-Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) and Motivational Interviewing (MI). My specialty is working with teens and young adults, as I believe this transitional period is critical for personal growth and reaching one’s full potential. Before becoming a therapist, I served as a firefighter and first responder for over a decade, including combat firefighting tours in Iraq. This background has shaped my deep commitment to resilience, healing, and supporting others through life’s most challenging moments.

Katerina Sorrell

Katerina Sorrell, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$185/session
LPC/MHSP
10 years of experience
Virtual
Katerina Sorrell, MA, PPSC, LPCC, is a licensed psychotherapist and National Board Certified Counselor with over a decade of experience helping clients achieve healing, resilience, and personal growth. With a Master’s in Counseling from Chapman University and a Bachelor’s in Psychology from CSULB, she offers a strong academic foundation paired with compassionate, culturally responsive care. Katerina is fluent in English and Spanish and provides services to children, adolescents, and adults, drawing from evidence-based approaches such as CBT, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, and Motivational Interviewing. Her work spans working with Orange County Department of Education and various school districts in Orange County, California, where she has served as a School Counselor and Mental Health Practitioner. She specializes in crisis intervention, early identification of students in need, and the development of supportive mental health strategies. Katerina also volunteered with the National Suicide Prevention Hotline, demonstrating her deep commitment to mental health advocacy. In addition to her school-based work, Katerina provides individual therapy in private practice in Laguna Hills, California,, helping adults, military and youth clients manage challenges like anxiety, depression, family conflict, peer pressure, and trauma. Her unique background also includes career assessments, allowing her to support clients in discovering their strengths and life direction. Whether in schools, clinical settings, or the community, Katerina empowers her clients to navigate life’s challenges with confidence, connection, and hope.

Kelsie Patton

(she/her)

Kelsie Patton, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LCSW
10 years of experience
Virtual
Hi, I’m Kelsie. I’m a licensed clinical social worker and somatic therapist with over a decade of experience sitting with people through the complexities of life. My approach is grounded in presence, body awareness, and the belief that healing happens in relationship—with ourselves, each other, and the systems we live in. I draw from somatic practices, narrative therapy, and mindfulness to help clients reconnect with their own wisdom, process what’s been stored in the body, and move toward more ease, clarity, and authenticity.

Sammy Glenn

(he/him)

Sammy Glenn, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LCSW
13 years of experience
Virtual
Thank you for stopping by my page! What you will experience as my client will always be based upon the following: professionalism, care, and experience. I consider effective mental health treatment to be a life-changing experience and it is my goal as your therapist to support you 100% in reaching your goals. My philosophy is this: "I'll always help if you'll always try." I have worked with a wide variety of people, and find that almost all of us can connect as fellow humans. I am currently licensed in North Carolina, West Virginia, Florida, Tennessee, and California, and make my home in beautiful Southern Oregon. PLEASE NOTE THAT I HAVE A FULL-TIME PRACTICE OUTSIDE OF GROW AND IF YOUR FIRST APPOINTMENT CHOICE IS MADE FOR THE FOLLOWING DAY OR 2-3 DAYS AWAY, I WILL LIKELY HAVE TO MOVE IT OUT SEVERAL DAYS. IF YOUR NEED IS MORE EMERGENT, THEN PLEASE ACCESS CARE LOCALLY OR YOU MAY FIND ANOTHER THERAPIST ON GROW THERAPY THAT IS AVAILABLE SOONER. I TRY TO BALANCE HELPING AS MANY AS I CAN WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE CARE. THANK YOU, SAM

Patricia Turner

(she/her)

Patricia Turner, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LCSW
16 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
207 N Boone St,...
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Tennessee. I received my Masters from East Tennessee State University and have been practicing for the last 16 years. I work with individuals, couples and families to sold. My goal is to equip our clients with the tools and insights they need to take control of their mental health and create the life they desire.

Rebecca DeLong

(she/her)

Rebecca DeLong, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LCSW
16 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
207 East Main S...
Compassion, trust and balance are at the heart of the work that we do. We approach challenges with curiosity and collaboration. We strive to provide a supportive and therapeutic environment where you can navigate your concerns and align yourself with your goals. Treatment is customized and unique, as each person who we work with is special and has distinct strengths, needs and preferences. We value diversity and foster inclusivity as an ally and as a partner on your individual path. We are direct and thoughtful, supportive and empathic. We work with clients to develop strengths and achieve life goals.

Kimberly Henderson

Kimberly Henderson, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$125/session
LPC/MHSP
6 years of experience
Virtual
Hello, I am Kimberly Henderson! I have spent over a decade working with children and families as a school counselor and mental health therapist in public schools. I have experience counseling children, teens, and adults. My desire is to increase awareness of mental health support and access to services within the community for underserved populations. Get in touch today to learn more about what I have to offer. I look forward to speaking with you! -Kimberly F. Henderson, LPC-MHSP +1 (786) 755-1863 intake+Kimberly22590@growtherapy.com

Candace Hadley

(she/her)

Candace Hadley, LCSW - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LCSW
12 years of experience
Virtual
Hi, I am Candace Hadley, Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I am trained in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TFCBT), Mindfulness, Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS), and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). I utilize a person-centered approach including the mind, body, and spirit that is tailored to each client and his/her/their own experience. My approach is trauma-informed and I seek to help others navigate difficulties with past/current trauma, stress/emotion management, grief and loss, suicidal ideations, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse.

Robert Golan

Robert Golan, LPC/MHSP - Tennessee Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LPC/MHSP
30 years of experience
Virtual
Hello, my name is Robert Golan. I have been counseling for 30 years. I use a collection of techniques to help my clients. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as my primary approach. I have found this method to be very successful with clients. I believe in building on client’s strengths which gives them the opportunity to express what they wish to accomplish while we work together towards that end. I prefer to use encouragement and help clients find their own motivation for improving their lives. I utilize mindfulness as well as behavior modification to augment my client’s well being. I also use Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy when it is appropriate to help clients with past trauma. Counseling is a very collaborative process so I look forward to helping you achieve your goals. Education and Training I am a Board Certified Counselor (NCC) as well as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Tennessee and Georgia. I am also a Certified Professional Counseling Supervisor (CPCS) in Georgia. I have a Master’s Degree in Counseling Psychology from Lee University. I have worked with people who experience depression, anxiety, trauma, low self image, and spiritual issues. I have been counseling for 28 years with extensive experience in individual as well as marriage and family counseling. I have worked with adolescents as well as adults. I regularly attend training to keep current on the best techniques to address trauma, mood, and anxiety. I enjoy building a strong relationship with my clients and watching them grow and overcome the issues that have limited their quality of life.