Therapists in North Carolina

• My name is Brooke, I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in the state of North Carolina (#11537). • I received my Master’s degree at Walden University. • I have been practicing therapeutic services for the last 13 years in an out-patient-therapy session in an office setting as well as telehealth as well as enhanced services in Medicaid on a state & county level. I have experience with all ages and client developmental and life stages. I primary assist with issues of depression, anxiety, trauma, life-transitions, family dynamic transitions, grief, complex illness, and end-of-life issues.

I am licensed in North Carolina with 13 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, PTSD, depression and addiction issues and I am genuinely interested in your story. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process. If you are seeking meaning and purpose for your existence allow me to assist you in your discovery process. Together we can identify what is needed to create your best life experience.

Hi my name is Linda Sealey. I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Counselor (LCMHC). The services I offer include individual, family, relationship, behavior modification, independent living, anger management life coaching and parenting skills. I am licensed in North Carolina and South Carolina with 10 years of professional counseling experience. I specialize in helping clients with stress anxiety, motivation, self esteem, confidence, and depression

Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of North Carolina. I have experience working with adults, adults with SPMI, adolescents, and families seeking support to overcome trauma, anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief, parenting issues, anger, self-esteem, codependency, and other challenges that arise in life. I completed a Bachelor's and Master of Social Work at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke with a minor in substance abuse. I utilize a collaborative and holistic approach to helping individuals overcome their challenges because they’re experts in their lives.

I’m Melissa Turner, a licensed clinical social worker dedicated to helping you navigate the emotions and challenges of life. Whether you are struggling with stress, anxiety, depression, communication struggles, relationship issues, parenting, or transitions, our sessions will provide you with a safe and non-judgmental space to heal and grow. I use a combination of modalities and offer video, in person, and outdoor sessions. I have a big focus on self care and giving ourselves grace.

Hi, I am a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) with over 20 years of social work and mental health experience. I utilize evidence-based therapy models focused on my clients' strengths, abilities, and unique life experiences in efforts to improve quality of life and restore overall health and wellness. I greatly enjoy my work with clients and the reward in my work is seeing clients succeed and overcome life's challenges.

I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor with a passion for helping both teens and adults navigate life's challenges and discover their true potential. My approach is collaborative, meaning that I believe in working together to find the strategies and insights that will best support your journey. I view you as the expert on your own life, and my role is to guide and support you as you navigate your path. Together, we will identify your strengths, explore your challenges, and develop a plan that aligns with your values and goals.

I am well-versed in military specific issues, as I contracted at various installations for six years and I have been in private practice in a military community for over 7 years. Most of my clients are activity duty, veterans, and/or spouses of active duty service members. I am EMDR basic trained and use tough skills with anxious and traumatized clients. Most of my clients have relationship issues due to past traumas that have not been processed. I have a strength-based approach, providing support and practical feedback to help clients address personal life challenges. I am a systemic thinker, meaning I view life as a relationship and each individual within the relationship is an integral participant in the "whole" system. Most "individual" or "couple" issues effect the entire family system.

Hello! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in North Carolina and also in Virginia. I received my Masters in Virginia and have been practicing for almost 20 years. I can help youth and adults with a variety of issues including coping with stress management, mental health and substance abuse/misuse. I have years of experience working with military, veterans, and their families. I also provide brief therapy models to tackle challenges and problems, adjustment to transition, all using a person centered approach.

Welcome! I am a warm, non-judgemental and real person. One of my basic tenants is we, as people, are doing the best we can, and sometimes our conscious or subconscious "plan" to take care of ourselves is just not working anymore. Sometimes we need to develop a new “plan” but that can be difficult and we need help. The relationship with ourselves, family, friends and our community is a pillar to good health and well being. However things get in the way….like trauma, substance use, addiction, depression, anxiety, loneliness, illness, & fear. I want to support your concerns and help you improve your sense of wellbeing.

Are you feeling overwhelmed by your thoughts and emotions or grappling with uncertainty about how to manage them? It’s entirely understandable to notice patterns in your thoughts and behaviors that no longer serve you. If you’re ready to embark on a journey of meaningful change, I’m here to walk alongside you and offer my support at every step. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), a Licensed Clinical Addiction Specialist (LCAS), and a Registered Electroneurodiagnostic Technician, I bring a wealth of experience from diverse clinical settings, including crisis response, detox facilities, and both individual and group therapy. My approach is compassionate and integrative, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Solution-Focused Therapy (SFT). Together, we will work to understand how your thoughts and emotions influence your actions. With CBT, we can gently identify and challenge unhelpful thinking patterns that may be holding you back. MI will provide a space for you to explore and address any ambivalence about change, helping you uncover your motivation for growth. Through SFT, we will focus on your unique strengths and practical solutions that resonate with your goals. In our work together, we will explore both current challenges and past experiences to gain insight into how they shape your life today. I am deeply committed to supporting the holistic healing of your mind, body, and spirit, tailoring my approach to honor your unique journey. You don’t have to navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use, or everyday stress alone. Wherever you find yourself on this path—whether you’re seeking help for the first time or returning for deeper work—you are taking a brave and vital step.

"I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me." (Philippians 4:13) Non-judgment, morally supportive and passionate private practice that will help you to get through life struggles. You are the most important subject matter during all counseling sessions. I am a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist that focuses on the person. Thinking outside of the box is of great importance to help all types of situations. Uplifting Lives and Services also helps interns and residents with supervision. We provide group therapy, substance abuse services and can connect you to other community service providers.

Hello, I’m a licensed mental health counselor dedicated to creating a safe, supportive space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered. I take a compassionate and personalized approach, using evidence-based techniques like CBT, grief therapy, and Christian counseling (if desired) to help you navigate life’s challenges and move toward healing and growth. Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, relationship issues, loss, or simply feeling stuck, I’m here to walk with you on your journey. In addition to counseling, I am an approved Qualified Supervisor (QS) in North Carolina, offering clinical supervision to associate-level counselors working toward licensure. In addition to counseling, I am an approved Qualified Supervisor (QS) in North Carolina, offering clinical supervision to associate-level counselors (LCMHCAs) working toward independent licensure. My supervision style is supportive and collaborative, focusing on helping new clinicians grow in confidence, develop their clinical skills, and navigate ethical and professional challenges. I draw on my own experience in treating a wide range of mental health concerns, including anxiety, depression, and family dynamics, to guide supervisees in building effective, compassionate, and ethical practices. Whether you are seeking guidance on clinical interventions, case conceptualization, or professional development, I provide a safe and structured space for growth as you move forward in your counseling career.

Hi! My name is Nikki Lowman. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in NC. I am an LGBTQ+ affirming therapist and a trauma-informed therapist. I have 6 years of experience. I specialize in working with children, adolescents and young adults (18-25). I specialize in providing trauma-based and client-centered therapy to help clients find peace and serenity in the middle of many storms life can bring. My goal is to always help clients understand that when you cannot change your environment, you change the way you respond to your environment. My approach to therapy is warm, interactive, collaborative and sometimes playful. My goal is to help clients find healing and to give them hope for the future. I believe we can all benefit from embracing our inner child more. I am here to support you on your journey to healing and creating a life worth living.

I have worked in the human service field for approximately 20 years. I have had the pleasure of working with mental health, developmentally disabled and substance abuse populations. I have worked with Assisted Medication Management and active military members and their families. My greatest reward as a therapist is helping my clients explore ways to make the changes in their lives that will allow them to look forward to the future with hope. I believe that we all need someone to talk with who will really listen and accept us as we are, without judgment. I provide my clients with that warm, nonjudgmental environment—a safe place to explore the issues that may be preventing them from living the life they want. I hold a Master’s degree in Counseling. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Substance Abuse Supervisor. I use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Motivational Therapy and psycho-education extensively. My experience includes working with clients dealing with divorce and single-parenting, addictions, grief, women’s issues, and mood disorders, among other challenges. I find that my great passion is working with individuals and children.

I believe that counseling can be transformative at all ages and stages in life. Our constantly changing world presents new challenges every day. I would be honored to support you in your journey to find answers, meaning, and understanding in this confusing world. As a counselor, I work from a person-centered approach to therapy, partnering with you to meet you where you are, leverage individual strengths and identify areas of growth and resilience. Therapy is a process of growth and self-discovery. In our sessions. I aim to create a healthy rapport with clients, free of bias and judgment. During this journey, I will encourage you to be open, honest and passionate in order to explore your true self. I welcome your experiences and the story your life has to tell. I look forward to working with you.

Hello. Welcome to my virtual office. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in North Carolina. I earned my Masters of Social Work from the University of South Carolina in Columbia and have been practicing clinically since 2017. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults overcome negative emotions and interact normally with family, friends and the community without irrational fears or intrusive thoughts that control behavior.

I am a bilingual English-Japanese Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Counselor Addiction Specialist. I received a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a concentration in Addictions Counseling in 2018 at Appalachian State University. I have worked in a residential substance use treatment facility as a counselor. My approach to counseling is based on Person-Centered theory. My goal as a counselor is to support the process of self-discovery and to enrich the lives of others.

With experience in various roles from therapist, prevention specialist, and program director I enjoy helping young children, teenagers, and adults achieve balance in everyday living. My expertise include mental health therapy, chemical dependency counseling, curriculum development and instruction, care management, and prevention education. I have experience working with youth and adults in various settings from the foster care environment, outpatient and inpatient treatment centers, to private practice.

**ACCEPTING NEW CLIENTS** Are you ready to break free from the weight of anxiety and depression to show up in your life as your best self? I provide a safe, compassionate, and non-judgmental space for you to explore your challenges, gain clarity, and take meaningful steps toward the life you desire. Using a combination of trauma informed somatic-based interventions, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), attachment theory, and mindfulness techniques, I guide clients to identify triggers, unpack false stories your mind tells you, create healthy boundaries with a personalized plan with practical techniques to manage anxiety effectively.

Well hello! My name is Lori. Are you feeling the need to live your life differently? Are the things you've tried in the past no longer beneficial or adequate for this stage in your life? I encourage my clients to do the things that they've never done in order to experience the life they've always wanted. I help them identify the source of what has limited them and caused them emotional pain, whether it be from anxiety or depression stemming from childhood trauma, broken relationships, toxic work environment, sexuality, aging, or religious trauma to name a few. I enjoy working alongside my clients and being a part of their "aha!!" moments on their life's journey. I utilize my belief in the interconnectedness of humanity with nature to assist my clients in understanding life, growth, change, grace and what constitutes true success.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I received my Masters from the University of Southern California and have been practicing for over 10 years. I help adults struggling with stress and mental health issues become the best versions of themselves. I am passionate about meeting people where they are at and helping them feel better and reach their goals.

Welcome! I'm so glad you're here. As a friendly and compassionate therapist, I work with individuals ages 10 to 65, offering support through a person-centered approach and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Whether you're a child, teen, young adult, or adult, my goal is to create a safe space where you can explore challenges, build healthy coping skills, and improve communication in your daily life.

Hi, I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC), Licensed Clinical Addiction Specialist (LCAS), Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC), Certified Clinical Supervisor (CCS). I have a PhD in Human Services, with a concentration in Disaster, Crisis, and Intervention. I have over 20 years of experience in mental health and substance abuse counseling. I have been working as a licensed private practitioner since 2001.

I am a board-certified mental health professional, leader, and prior military officer with over 25 years of experience providing what you need for a better way forward! In my practice, services include counseling, consulting, coaching, critical incident response, and specialty evaluations for professionals seeking expert care. This encompasses measured diagnostic evaluations, fitness for duty assessments, meeting prescriptive treatment requirements, and more.

Do you wish life could be different? Do you remember when life was more manageable? I have a passion to support our community! I have worked over the past 11 years in substance abuse, family transitions and learning how to overcome life challenges. I utilize an integrated approach when working with you and your family in hopes to identify and create a plan to support your goals! Life is full of choices and making positive, healthy choices can be challenging without support. Let's face your challenges together and learn how to create a new start! I am a biracial individual who understands the challenges people are facing with feeling accepted and learning how to feel confident and express themselves. I look forward to assisting you with building a strong foundation. My history of working with individuals who experience substance abuse allows for greater compassion and a strategic plan to reset your life. Look forward to working together!

Hello! I’m a licensed counselor with over 10 years of experience in the field. My specialties include working with trauma, PTSD, depression, anxiety, mood disorders, stress, and compulsive and obsessive behaviors. I use a holistic approach that incorporates techniques such as mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy. I often find that my clients benefit from my experience working with modern neuroscience, which helps us better understand what’s going on inside our brains as we work towards changing our patterns of thinking and behavior.

I’m an empathetic therapist, certified life coach, and stress management consultant who believes healing happens when we nurture the mind, body, and soul together. With a holistic, creative approach, I blend evidence-based methods with expressive arts, mindfulness, and storytelling to support personal growth and resilience. My work is grounded in empathy, lived experience, and a passion for empowering women and youth to reclaim their strength and live purposefully. I’m here to walk alongside you as you navigate life’s challenges and rediscover your true self.

Hello, I know that sometimes counseling can seem taboo or generic. I strive to make the counseling experience more exciting and fulfilling. I have worked with many different populations and different cultures. I have worked in different settings such as offices, schools and group homes. I have conducted in person and telehealth therapy sessions to meet the needs of my clients. I have a Bachelor's in Criminology from NC State University in Raleigh, NC and a Masters Degree in Professional Counseling From Grand Canyon University. I am eager and ready to work with each client to address their specific needs whether it is couples counseling, family counseling, or individual counseling.

Hi! My name is Lisa Hargrove, I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and a Licensed Clinical Addiction Specialist in the state of North Carolina. I am also cross licensed in the state of Nevada, Montana, New Mexico, Vermont, Virginia, Maryland, and Texas. I have been in the Substance Abuse field since 1996 working as an alcohol counselor in an outpatient setting. I received my applied AAS degree in 1996 and went on to receive my BS in Community Health and Human Services with an emphasis on Grief and Gerontology.

Hola! I am a Hispanic, Bilingual (Spanish/English), licensed clinical social worker in North Carolina. I received my Masters from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and I have 40+ years of experience providing therapy services and social work services to the NC community. I have helped clients suffering with difficulty managing their stress and communication styles, relational difficulties- parenting, marital, family-, occupational, and emotional problems such as mood disorders, depression, anxiety, trauma, abuse, and much more. I have a non-judgmental style and treat my clients with respect, empathy, sensitivity, and compassion, and I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards change. I am here to support and empower you during that journey.

My name is Janet Muta and I am a Licensed Clinician with over 17 years of experience in mental health, behavioral issues and relationships. I treat individuals from diverse backgrounds. My approach is treating the whole person because most of the time our problems are the outcome of more than just one thing and when I get to know you I am able to address different issues that could be contributing to that one specific problem. We all experience some difficulties in our lives sometimes and we all cope differently. What works for one person/couple who are experiencing a similar situation may not work for another and so I personalize your treatment to fit you. Being in therapy is like being on a journey, I make sure you are in the driver’s seat and I become your great working GPS, guiding you to your desired destination. I also hold a degree in finance which sometimes comes handy when helping those who are stressed due to financial needs. Among the treatment modalities I use are: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Positive Parenting, Contingency Management...

I'm Angela Harrington with 10 years please experience in mental health, co-occurring disorders, and substance abuse disorders. My goal in therapy is to elicit change talk, provide positive insight, and motivation to free yourself. When working with clients my structured approach is from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) where the individual learns to explore the link between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in North Carolina and have been practicing for over 10 years. I received my Master's Degree from The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. I enjoy helping individuals find balance and contentment in their lives. I enjoy helping individual who have experienced trauma work through difficult emotions, feelings and beliefs in order to live more balanced and meaningful lives.

I'm a licensed clinical social worker who has practiced for over fifteen years, working with diverse populations with various issues. I have always seen it as an honor and privilege that you have chosen me to be on this journey of self-discovery and self-mastery of whatever challenges you face. I believe you are not a "billing code" but an individual who dares to seek help to improve the quality of your life

Hi, my name is Anna. I am licensed in North Carolina with over 10 years of professional experience. I'm deeply passionate about helping others navigate life's challenges with more clarity, compassion, and connection. I believe the therapeutic relationship is one of the most important components of therapy, and strive to create a safe, non-judgmental space where clients feel genuinely seen and supported.

I am a caring and compassionate provider. I enjoy helping people discover their strengths and abilities. I am a very direct therapist but I will walk along side you and help you navigate through life's challanges. I will equip you with the tools you need to overcome the obstacles that you are facing as we determine the best way to walk through them together.

I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker passionate about helping clients work through trauma, anxiety, stress, and life transitions. My approach combines TF-CBT and DBT to provide practical tools, coping strategies, and insight that fit your unique needs. I strive to create a supportive, nonjudgmental space where you feel both comfortable and challenged, allowing real growth to take place. Together, we’ll build resilience, improve emotional regulation, and work toward meaningful, lasting change so you can move forward with confidence.

Hello, My name is Marika' D. I am licensed as a clinical social worker in multiple states and I focus on the following areas: anxiety, depression, relationships, stress, family dynamics/issues, parenting, life stress, job related stress, education, coping skills/strategies, organization, adjustment, etc. I desire to utilize a strengths-based and empowerment perspective to help patients feel like active participants in the therapeutic process. I am also comfortable incorporating Christian/faith-based principles if desired.

Keith Casey's approach to therapy is to be empathetic and encouraging. The most gratifying part of his job is when he sees someone embrace the idea that change is possible. He is trained in exposure-response and prevention therapy for OCD. He also likes to incorporate elements of CBT, DBT, and mindfulness into his work. He specializes in anxiety, OCD, depression, and LGBTQ+ issues.

Over 22 years of actively working with others to support their holistic healing journey has formed my practice to include multiple different modalities. These modalities include Cognitive behavior therapy, motivational interviewing, DBT, Mindfulness techniques and somatic therapeutic interventions. I work with Substance Use Disorder OP Treatment including MAT as well as other mental health concerns. From Acute Stress to Chronic and Complex PTSD my experiences and training can support you on your journey to long term wellness and development of the life you've always known you were capable of growing.

Hello, I'm Justin. Have you ever felt overwhelmed by stress and life's complexities? Many do, and it's more common than you might think. Life's challenges can leave us feeling exhausted, anxious, and disconnected. But remember, you're not alone in this journey. As a Licensed Professional Counselor offering virtual therapy in Virginia and North Carolina, my role is to walk with you in creating a safe, empowering space. Together, we'll explore and employ a range of therapeutic techniques tailored to your unique needs. My goal? To help you navigating the intricacies of life and forge meaningful connections — with others and with yourself. In therapy, we uncover the roots of your stress, lighten your emotional load, and find strength in support and understanding. It's about building resilience and rediscovering your inner balance. If you're reading this, you've already taken a brave first step. You recognize the need for change and understand that carrying the burden alone isn't the only way. If you're ready to move forward, to cultivate lasting change and greater self-awareness, I'm here to guide you. Reach out, and let's start this transformative journey together.

Hi! I am a dually licensed therapist in both Florida and North Carolina. I began my education later in my adult life, and believed I had arrived late to the game. But I found that life experience paired with my own belief system, allowed me the opportunity to view life's challenges through a unique lens, and because of that I am non-judgmental and empathetic towards people who are struggling with the hurts life has dealt them. I believe in using a collaborative approach in helping my clients. I use evidence-based practices, including CBT, DBT, Mindfulness, and Motivational Therapy, as well as Christian Counseling. I am supportive, yet direct with empathy, compassion and help you address the barriers in your life that are causing you pain and distress.

My name is Daniel OIaciregui M.S. , LMHC. I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor in the state of Florida. I have been working as a therapist since 2017. I have the pleasure of working with a wide variety of clients. I have been working with substance abuse, anxiety, depression, trauma, first responders, and Bipolar clients. I am versed in several modalities including Gestalt, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution-Focused, Trauma, and EMDR trained. I utilize these approaches with my clients to help address and manage their needs. I believe it is essential to create a partnership with clients to maximize success. I believe increasing one's quality of life is key to better living. I appreciate and respect the courage it takes to ask for help, and am grateful for the opportunity to assist others.

Welcome! If you are seeking a down to earth and relaxed therapist- you are in the right place! I specialize in creating a safe and affirming space for individuals within the LGBTQ+ communities- where I have lived experience, individuals navigating chronic illness and caregiving, and those impacted by hoarding behaviors. I understand how important it is to feel heard and validated, especially when dealing with sensitive topics such as gender identity, transgender health, trauma, anxiety, depression, boundary setting, communication skills, chronic disorganization, and more. I write gender affirming care letters.

Hi, I’m Emay Wessner, a licensed clinical social worker. I specialize in working with veterans and individuals who have experienced trauma, helping them process difficult experiences and move toward healing. My style is warm, collaborative, and down-to-earth—I believe therapy works best when you feel safe, respected, and supported. I’m trained in evidence-based approaches including Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT). These tools give us structure when it’s helpful, but I always tailor treatment to your unique needs and pace. Whether you’re feeling stuck in past experiences, navigating a life transition, or wanting to strengthen your relationships, we’ll work together to build skills, resilience, and confidence. At the heart of my work is the belief that change is possible, and that you don’t have to go through it alone. My goal is to create a safe space where you can share openly, gain insight, and take meaningful steps toward the life you want.

I am a Licensed Mental Health counselor in Florida, Georgia, North and South Carolina, with 20 years of experience. I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma informed therapy, and client centered approach. I have served as a rape crisis counselor, foster care therapist, and crisis response counselor. I hold certifications as a sexual violence and domestic violence advocate. Other areas of expertise include, but are not limited to; PTSD treatment, depression and anxiety, stress management, ADHD, grief and loss issues, veterans needs and issues.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Texas but also licensed in the state of North Carolina. I received my Master's degree from the University of Texas Pan-American and have been practicing for 12 years. I help guide people of all ages through their difficult times and focus on emotional and mental self-growth. Finding the push we need in life is possible when we seek specialized help that will foster a healthier version of ourselves.

Hi there! Do you find yourself feeling "lost" by the various struggles of your life? Do you find yourself questioning your purpose? Let me help you! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 15 years of experience in the community mental health arena. I have worked with a variety of concerns i.e. crisis management, depression/anxiety, grief/loss, relational issues and stress management. Often times, we can lose sight of what we need when we are pushing through our own emotional fog. I can help you navigate these experiences in real-time with solutions suited to your desired outcomes.

I grew up in South Africa and moved to the US in my mid twenties. After graduation (GSU, Atlanta) and getting licensed in GA (LPC in 1999) I partnered with several churches in Atlanta, providing Christian counseling services. I then worked full time on a church staff (providing Pastoral Counseling) before going into private practice. I have been working as a therapist in private practice since 2010 focused on individual adult issues (depression, anxiety, relationship issues, etc).