Book 100+ of the best Black / African American therapists in Texas

Find the best Black / African American therapist in Texas for your needs on G...

Elias Tamene

Elias Tamene, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$130/session
LPC
15 years of experience
Virtual

Nolensville, CA - Accepting clients in TX

I am a dedicated psychotherapist committed to helping individuals navigate life's challenges, improve emotional well-being, and foster personal growth. With a client-centered approach, I provide a supportive and nonjudgmental space where you can explore your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, depression, relationship concerns, trauma, or life transitions, I integrate evidence-based techniques tailored to your unique needs. My goal is to empower you with the tools and insights to create lasting change and live a more fulfilling life.

Raymond Carson

(he/him)

Raymond Carson, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LCSW
13 years of experience
Virtual

San Antonio, TX

I have a PhD in Psychology and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who is licensed in the states of Texas and North Carolina. I have vast amount of experience in addressing Anxiety, PTSD and Depression. I have experience in addressing life experiences, anger management, and marital conflict. My military experience has allowed me to have various approaches to addressing client's needs.

Carolyn Washington

Carolyn Washington, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$180/session
LPC
4 years of experience
Virtual

Houston, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Greetings I am a licensed professional counselor with an extensive background working with children/adolescents and families. As a community leader I served in K-12 education for over 26 years and recently retired so that I could be more available to provide counseling. I am particularly passionate about working with those who experience anxiety, depression, anger, and grief as I have worked more specifically in these areas. I am licensed in Texas with years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, coping with grief and loss, anger management, & motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. Additional areas of focus: Caregiver Issues and Stress, Chronic Pain Illness and Disability, Communication Problems, Control Issues, Forgiveness, Guilt and Shame, Isolation / Loneliness, Life Purpose, Self-Love

Barbara Smith-Jordan

Barbara Smith-Jordan, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LPC
10 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
1013 East Dalla...

Mansfield, TX - Accepting clients in TX

I assist with both civilians, veterans, and military being I am all of the following. This allows me to help more people because I have firsthand knowledge and experience. I help people to promote positive social changes in their life......one day at a time. I will have empowered the one that need empowering. Help work on the anger issues for those that need that assist.

Dr. Stephanie Hall

Dr. Stephanie Hall, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LCSW
5 years of experience
Virtual

Missouri City, TX - Accepting clients in TX

As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, I'm dedicated to serving women who often feel overwhelmed by life's demands. Currently, I'm pursuing a doctoral degree in clinical social work, which deepens my expertise and commitment to helping my clients. My work primarily focuses on women who carry the weight of the world on their shoulders—those who need guidance to navigate through unresolved trauma, require support in overcoming personal challenges, or simply seek a compassionate ear. I aim to provide a collaborative therapeutic environment where each client's unique journey is respected and valued. My approach helps empower women to recognize their strengths, heal from their past, and embrace a future filled with hope and resilience. The impact of this work is reflected in the profound changes I witness in my clients, as they move from feeling burdened and stuck to experiencing freedom and self-efficacy.

Chude Muonelo

(he/him)

Chude Muonelo, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LPC
10 years of experience
Virtual

Oklahoma City, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Hi, my name is Chude Muonelo. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who specializes in helping you Be The Next Best Version of Your Self you can be! With over a decade of experience in the helping profession, I utilize a variety of different therapeutic approaches to help you “hack your mind” to be the best you can be. Some techniques focus on healing from the past, others, present issues, and others, helping you move to move forward into a brighter future. I meet you where you are.

Zainab L. Johnson

(she/her)

Zainab L. Johnson, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LPC
8 years of experience
Virtual

Grovetown, TX - Accepting clients in TX

When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves. - Viktor E. Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning. Hey there! It's truly wonderful to see you taking this brave step towards seeking support. I'm here to walk alongside you on your journey to better mental health and a more fulfilling life. This isn't just a job to me—it's my passion and purpose. Maybe you're feeling a bit lost right now, unsure of how to focus on what truly matters or struggling to find the motivation for positive change. You long for deeper connections with loved ones, moments of joy in the everyday, and the courage to face new challenges head-on. Believe me, I've been in your shoes more times than I can count. And that's why I'm here—to offer you unwavering support and guidance as you navigate towards a brighter tomorrow. My path to becoming a therapist was anything but straightforward; it felt like the universe kept nudging me back to this calling. It's the privilege of being there for people in their most vulnerable moments that truly fills my heart with purpose. I cherish every story shared with me, knowing that each one holds the power to transform lives. With experience spanning various settings—from hospitals to private practice to schools—I bring a diverse background to our sessions. Whether we're exploring Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), or diving into the depths of Internal Family Systems (IFS), rest assured, we'll find the approach that speaks to your unique journey. Let's embark on this adventure together—uncover your true potential and embrace all that life has to offer.

Amaka Chinedo

(she/her)

Amaka Chinedo, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LPC
5 years of experience
Virtual

Houston, TX - Accepting clients in TX

I'm an LPC licensed in Texas; I help the seriously mentally ill manage their symptoms, deal with stressors, & provide a supportive, empathetic, & listening ear. I'm ready to use person-centered, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to ensure you're able to become a better version of yourself. I want to help you grow more as an individual & learn along the way. Sliding scale considerations are available.

Keyonne Spencer

Keyonne Spencer, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LPC
8 years of experience
Virtual

Accepting clients in TX

I'm Keyonne Spencer, a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor with a passion for mental health and wellness. Originally from the vibrant city of New Orleans, I've dedicated the past ten years to providing compassionate and effective therapy in my private practice. I hold a Master's degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from Capella University, equipping me with the skills to address a wide range of relational and individual issues. In my practice, I specialize in working with individuals and couples ages 13 and up who are grappling with anxiety, depression, and various other mental health challenges. Drawing from evidence-based practices and my integrative approach, I strive to create a safe and supportive space where clients can explore their thoughts, feelings, and experiences without judgment. I believe in the power of collaboration and tailor my therapeutic approach to meet each client's unique needs and goals. Whether utilizing cognitive-behavioral techniques to address specific symptoms or delving into psychodynamic exploration to uncover underlying patterns, my aim is to empower clients to navigate life's challenges and cultivate resilience. Beyond my work as a therapist, I find joy in exploring the world through travel and indulging in my guilty pleasure of binge-watching HGTV shows. These pursuits recharge my spirit and inspire creativity, allowing me to bring fresh perspectives and energy to my practice. Overall, my mission is to guide individuals and couples on their journey toward healing, growth, and fulfillment, both within themselves and in their relationships. I'm deeply committed to helping my clients build resilience, strengthen connections, and embrace the fullness of life's possibilities.

Dr. Shandra Wilson

Dr. Shandra Wilson, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LPC
27 years of experience
Virtual

Parker, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Do you need someone to talk to, and someone to listen? Are you ready to make some changes in your life? You may need help dealing with struggles and challenges of day-to-day life. If so, you have just made an important step in the change process and are on your way to improved self-awareness and growth. I am an experienced, compassionate and caring counselor who helps people live better lives. Working with the right counselor can help you change your life and your relationships. You do not have to do this alone. By working together, we decide how to achieve your personal goals, even if you don't know what they are yet. As a licensed professional counselor with a warm and personable approach, I specialize in providing solution focused counseling, bringing over 20 years of experience working with couples, families, and individuals. I believe in the humanistic approach and treat everyone with respect and compassion. I work with clients of all ages. It can be hard to put your trust in someone else. I strive to create a comfortable environment that supports you voicing your concerns openly and honestly. My goal is to help you achieve behavioral and emotional growth while restoring harmony and balance in your life. Feel free to call to schedule an appointment. Available: weekdays, evenings, and weekends.

Dr. Shonette Jackson-Umeh

Dr. Shonette Jackson-Umeh, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$80/session
LPC
8 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
9888 Bissonnet ...

Houston, TX - Accepting clients in TX

I am a Doctor of Professional Counseling, as well as a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor. I obtained my training from the Houston Graduate School of Theology in 2014 and have been practicing Professional Counseling ever since. My specialty is in counseling couples, but I also help individuals who are struggling with divorce, anxiety, depression, stress, mood disorders, work-related stressors, and a variety of other mental health issues. I have experience working in private practice and have been involved with Inpatient/outpatient/IOP/PHP programs. My areas of expertise include CBT, DBT, MI, couples counseling, Gottman Theory, and Race-based therapies. I am also experienced in LGBTQ and Multi-Cultural counseling. In my free time, I enjoy ballroom dancing, doing hair, traveling, and socializing outside of the behavioral health care field.

Dr. Mary McCullough

Dr. Mary McCullough, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$175/session
LPC
15 years of experience
Virtual

Park Row, TX - Accepting clients in TX

I am seasoned psychologist, therapist, and coach, holding a Ph.D. in Counseling Psychology, and bringing a wealth of expertise to my practice. With a background in mental health I have adeptly navigated the complexities of child adolescent development to work with elderly populations. My extensive experience includes conducting crisis assessments in hospital settings, to psychological evaluations and ensuring thorough understanding and personalized care for my clients. Beyond conventional approaches, I embody a holistic perspective on mental and emotional health & wellness. I recognize the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit, advocating for comprehensive well-being. Integrating evidence-based therapeutic techniques with holistic practices, I fosters healing and growth on multiple levels. I do not consider myself merely a clinician; I'm a compassionate advocate for empowerment. I believe in guiding individuals towards self-discovery and resilience, empowering them to navigate life's challenges with confidence and clarity. Through collaborative therapy, I work to cultivate a supportive environment where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to enact positive change in their lives. In my practice, therapy transcends the traditional boundaries of diagnosis and treatment. It becomes a transformative journey towards self-actualization and fulfillment. With my blend of clinical expertise, holistic approach, and commitment to empowerment, I stand as a beacon of hope and support for those seeking holistic wellness and personal growth.

Alexandrea Long

(she/her)

Alexandrea Long, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$85/session
LCSW
8 years of experience
Virtual

Killeen, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Here at Live Consciously, we are a group practice dedicated to empowering individuals to heal from trauma and embrace self-love and worthiness. What is the difference in our approach? We strive to break the barriers of traditional therapy by going beyond the mind and facilitating healing for the body as well. Research confirms that the body is what keeps the score, and we recognize that true healing requires addressing both the mind and body. Our team works with adults of all ages to uncover the true source of their suffering. By going to the root of the problem, we help identify and resolve traumas, griefs, and unproductive belief systems that may be holding you back in life. We understand that unresolved childhood experiences often manifest in adulthood as complex trauma, depression, anxiety, ADHD, addictions and relational difficulties.

Paul Bailey

Paul Bailey, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$95/session
LPC
11 years of experience
Virtual

Marion, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Hello, My name is Paul Bailey and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Arkansas and Texas. I graduated from Henderson State University with a Bachelors in Psychology and a Masters in Mental Health Counseling. I have been a licensed therapist for 9 years which I have worked in outpatient and inpatient settings. I have experience working with the following issues: anxiety, anger, depression, bipolar, psychosis, family issues, and behavioral issues. My two main approaches to treating clients are cognitive behavioral therapy and solution focused therapy. When I treat clients, we work together as a team to develop treatment goals and problem solving skills to develop solutions to their problems. My #1 goal as a therapist is to help clients meet their personal goals and improve their quality of life. Reaching out to others can be very difficult, but it can also be very rewarding. We all face problems; we just need the proper support and tools to help us overcome these problems.

Carla Cage

Carla Cage, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$120/session
LPC
12 years of experience
Virtual

The Woodlands, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Texas. I received my Masters from the University of Texas San Antonio and have been practicing for 12 years. With cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy as well as solution focused brief therapy, the change you want is within reach. I also offer training to reduce anxiety and stress induced by over stimuli. Children receive therapy, allowing them to express themselves through play. Your treatment plan is customized to help you resolve your counseling needs, so you can began living the life you want and envisioned. Don't wait, live your best life today.

Dr. Azure Smith-Swan

(she/her)

Dr. Azure Smith-Swan, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LCSW
6 years of experience
Virtual

Garland, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Do you find yourself buying every self-help book but still feeling stuck? Maybe you're the "therapist friend" who has it all figured out for others but can't seem to make progress yourself? Or perhaps you're tired of being told "you're so self-aware" while still repeating the same patterns? And what about that family trauma your family swears never happened? Yeah, it's still showing up in your life today. I get it. Hey! I'm Dr. Ré (Ray), a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), Certified Financial Social Worker (CFSW) and holistic therapist based in Dallas, TX. I help self-aware Gen Z and Millennials get unstuck, break generational patterns, and figure out this thing called adulting through therapy that goes beyond just talking about it. I blend evidence-based practices with mind-body approaches to create real, lasting change and healing.

Sonja Hebert

(she/her)

Sonja Hebert, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$120/session
LPC
8 years of experience
Virtual

Houston, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Ready to manage stress and anxiety and start living the life you truly deserve? If you’re feeling overwhelmed, constantly on edge, or struggling to build healthy habits, boundaries, or relationships—you’re not alone. Whether you’re navigating life transitions, tough decisions, or learning to love yourself, I’m here to help. Together, we’ll use science-backed tools like modern mindfulness and solution-focused strategies to create real, lasting change. You’ve already taken the first brave step by being here. I’m proud of you—and I can’t wait to walk this journey with you.

Nichelle Allen

(she/her)

Nichelle Allen, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$125/session
LPC
8 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
8035 E R L Thor...

Dallas, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Hi. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Texas. I have been practicing therapy for over 8 years. I have worked in various settings as a therapist including school, hospital and private practice. Prior to becoming a therapist, I was an educator for twelve years. I practice Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, as well as Solution Focused Brief Treatment.

Tonyia Fleming

(she/her)

Tonyia Fleming, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$95/session
LPC
6 years of experience
Virtual

Dallas, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Who I Am as a Counselor I am a compassionate and dedicated licensed professional counselor with 7 years of school counseling experience, committed to helping you navigate life's challenges. I approach therapy with empathy, respect, and a focus on your unique needs and goals. My priority is to create a safe and supportive space where you feel heard, understood, and empowered. What I Do In our work together, I use evidence-based techniques tailored to your specific concerns, whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, or personal growth. My approach is collaborative, meaning we’ll work together to explore solutions that fit your values and needs. My goal is to help you build resilience, gain insight, and move toward positive change in your life.

Theatric Thompson Sr.

(he/him)

Theatric Thompson Sr., LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LPC
5 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
507 North Sam H...

Houston, TX - Accepting clients in TX

With over 18 years working with At-Risk Teens/Adolescents and 5 years as a Therapist, I have created a multidisciplinary intervention and treatment process that specializes in teen/adolescent behavioral health. Iam energetic, unbiased, and truly care about the well being of my clients and their families. I am considered an accountability therapist who pushes clients to become the best versions of themselves. ​

Kareem Hicks

(he/him)

Kareem Hicks, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$125/session
LPC
4 years of experience
Virtual

Houston, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Welcome my name is Kareem Hicks, and I commend anyone who desires to grow. Often, our environments & comfort zones may stagnate or stunt our growth. Whether it is a traumatic experience or merely trying to maneuver through daily life challenges, I will help you develop your resiliency. I will aid you in processes that will get you through the present and prepare you for the future. We will discover & develop protective factors by understanding the whole of you: body, soul, & mind. By taking a holistic approach to growth, I will assist you in the discovery of lifestyle changes & new ways of thinking that will maximize your potential.

Martin McClenon

Martin McClenon, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LPC
3 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
1801 Gateway Bl...

Richardson, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Hello, I am Martin Do you feel that your life has lost value and meaning? Let us team up to take back ownership of your life's journey. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Licensed Chemical Dependency Counselor in Texas, as well as a Combat Navy Veteran. I have been practicing for 3 years in community health, outpatient, inpatient, and private practice settings. I am experienced in facilitating healthy life changes. Whether you are dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma substance use, PTSD, relationship issues, or any other obstacle that prevents you from living the life that you desire; identifying the right therapist for you is an important part of getting yourself back on track. I have experienced a variety of obstacles, and personally understand how the therapeutic process can help change one's life. Let us work together to tackle life challenges and restore the healthy balance that we all enjoy.

Melanie Cephas

(she/her)

Melanie Cephas, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$120/session
LCSW
3 years of experience
Virtual

Dallas, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Are you struggling with day-to-day living? Feeling overwhelmed and finding it difficult to cope with life's challenges? Searching for calmness in the midst of uncertainty? If so, you and I can walk through the journey toward healing together. My name is Melanie and I am a therapist who empowers individuals who are working towards overcoming anxiety, depression, difficulties in their relationships, stress and self-esteem. Together, we will identify ways to get you back in balance by identifying the barriers that are preventing you from accomplishing your goals, which includes addressing any past unresolved issues. If you are someone who is ready to regain the strength and power that you already have within you but find yourself dealing with overwhelm, relationship issues, cycles of anxiety and depression or low self-esteem, I'm here to help. Seeking therapy can feel scary but you're making the right choice. You deserve a safe space to heal and grow. In our sessions together, I'll meet you with compassion and evidence-based techniques so you can overcome the hangups and habits holding you back. Let's work together!

Dr. Krysten Blackshear

(she/her)

Dr. Krysten Blackshear, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$125/session
LCSW
9 years of experience
Virtual
In-person
13810 Champion ...

Houston, TX - Accepting clients in TX

Hello! My name is Dr. Krysten Blackshear, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Texas. I received my Doctorate of Social Work from Capella University, and have been practicing for 8+ years. I assist adolescents, adults, and the elderly populations through the various transitions of life. I specialize in the areas of anxiety, depression, PTSD, and geriatric therapy by partnering with clients on their journey to mental wellness.

Toshanika Kennington

Toshanika Kennington, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LCSW
20 years of experience
Virtual

Accepting clients in TX

I am Toshanika M. Kennington, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with twenty years of practice. Unwavering commitment, empowerment and compassion is the reason I do what I do! Drawing from my experience working with military families and other communities I offer compassionate care, guiding clients through their mental health journey with resilience and strength. My approach is empathetic, nonjudgmental, and client centered. I specialize in working with women of all ages, trauma, attachment issues and survivors of intimate partner violence and sexual abuse. Remember, seeking therapy is a courageous step, and I’m here to guide and support you on your journey toward healing and growth!

Tiana Kirby Johnson

(she/her)

Tiana Kirby Johnson, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$120/session
LCSW
2 years of experience
Virtual

Overbrook Farms, PA - Accepting clients in TX

Born and raised in the inner city by a single mother and a large extended family, I noticed the needs of those that were mentally or physically diagnosed were often not met. Therefore, I began to inquire about what I needed to do in order to be a part of the solution. I began to work in the field and I have worked in Behavioral/Mental Health for close to 20 years. My experience covers a plethora of ages and diagnosis across many settings. My determination to treat and support those with mental health diagnosis during the pandemic inspired me to perform outpatient therapy via telehealth to adults and adolescents. I specialize in adults 25-55 with various diagnoses but primarily Anxiety, PTSD, trauma and Depression to name a few. I love to utilize CBT, CPT, trauma informed care (TIC) and Motivational Interviewing as treatment modalities.

Dr. Tiara McIntosh

(she/her)

Dr. Tiara McIntosh, LPC - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$160/session
LPC
11 years of experience
Virtual

Painter, VA - Accepting clients in TX

Tiara McIntosh is Licensed Professional Counselor for VA, MD, and TX. She received a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology and then a Master’s Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. She received a Doctorate degree in Education and Community Care and Counseling with a cognate in Marriage and Family from Liberty University. Tiara serves adults in the following areas: anxiety, depression, and ADHD. For nearly 10 years, She empowers individuals to overcome personal challenges and to improve themselves, create healthy boundaries and relationship challenges.

Brandon Highsmith

Brandon Highsmith, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$100/session
LCSW
19 years of experience
Virtual

Jacksonville, FL - Accepting clients in TX

Good day to you, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker serving Florida, Alabama, and Texas, with extensive experience in supporting individuals through a wide range of challenges. I am committed to providing compassionate and effective therapeutic care to those navigating life’s difficulties. My practice is dedicated to empowering clients to overcome issues such as depression, anxiety, grief, life stressors, and career transitions.

Kelisha LaGrone

(she/her)

Kelisha LaGrone, LMFT - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$200/session
LMFT
9 years of experience
Virtual

Daly City, CA - Accepting clients in TX

🌿 You’ve done the journaling. You’ve had therapy. You know your emotional patterns. Now you’re ready for something deeper—not just coping, but becoming. I’m Kelisha, and I help women who are already on the healing path move into their next level of self-trust, emotional integration, and personal power. My clients are often cisgendered WOMEN who: Are emotionally aware and want to go deeper Are moving through transitions and desire clarity, softness, and alignment Have done inner work but now want to live it—fully and embodied Are ready to release survival mode and step into presence, joy, and truth In our sessions, we blend somatic work, narrative therapy, spiritual reflection, and psychodynamic insight. I support you in connecting to your body, softening your inner critic, and uncovering the aligned version of yourself that’s already waiting to be lived. This is not a space for emotional initiation. If you are just beginning to explore your emotions, or seeking basic coping strategies, I may not be the best fit. But if you’re already doing the work and feel ready for grounded, soul-deep transformation—I’d be honored to walk beside you. 🌹❤️

Leon Sankofa

Leon Sankofa, LCSW - Texas Therapist at Grow Therapy
$150/session
LCSW
25 years of experience
Virtual

Hampton, VA - Accepting clients in TX

Hi, I’m a licensed clinical social worker and a trained psychotherapist. I am licensed to practice in Virginia and Texas. I help clients resolve symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic, stress disorder‘s, and childhood sexual trauma. On the lighter side, I help people who are struggling with making life decisions such as careers, relationships becoming more focused and sports performance. Ultimately, I want to help clients optimize their life.