I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Georgia. I received my Masters from Lindsey Wilson College in Kentucky and have been practicing for 15 years. I help children, adolescents and adults struggling with traumas, anxiety , depression and behavioral concerns. I have experience in working in multiple settings including telehealth, school based, office and in home counseling. I utilize several modalities in my counseling including strength based, trauma focused cognitive behavioral therapy, solution focused and CBT.

Enter The Listening Room LLC – Where silence resonates with life's rhythm. In collaboration with Grow Therapy, we ensure seamless experiences and accessible insurance options. I’m Dr. Rudge, owner of The Listening Room, dedicated to creating a space where individuals and families can find solace without judgment, with a focus on fathers and men. Women and mothers also play a crucial role in this healing journey, contributing to the recovery path for all. Discover your unique story in a place where silence speaks volumes. Contact us today; we’re here for you.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Georgia. I received my Masters from the University of Georgia and have been practicing for 25 years. I help adults and teens struggling with mental health symptoms, stress and trauma, relationship difficulties, or substance abuse. My initial goal is to thoroughly understand a patient's current life, history, and areas of concern. I then strive develop and implement an individualized plan for recovery and goal achievement based on the patient's needs and preferences.

Growth and change are possible with a caring and supportive therapist. If you are thinking about beginning therapy, you are probably experiencing challenges, uneasiness, or uncertainties in one or more areas of your life. As a Licensed Professional Counselor with over twenty years' experience, I have worked with adolescents and adults to overcome many types of obstacles, achieve their goals, and live happier lives. I work together with clients to develop skills and resolve a variety of issues including stress, anxiety, depression addiction, trauma, and grief. I completed a PhD in Counseling at Georgia State University in Atlanta and specialize in helping adults and adolescents lead more fulfilling and productive lives. I employ a variety of therapies and combine engaged and understanding listening along with education and skills development to assist people in taking successful steps toward meeting their goals. I believe all areas of our lives are connected, and mental health is an area which impacts all aspects of life. If you are experiencing difficulty with troubling behaviors, relationships, or conflict, I would like to support you in growth, restoration, and reaching your full potential. Seeking help can be difficult, but a more rewarding life is possible. Remember change is always happening. Take the first step and let's talk!

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in Georgia. My experience comes from providing direct mental health and behavioral counseling for teens and adults with a variety of presenting issues, including anxiety, relationship and family issues, trauma, community violence, gender identity, and depression. I approach the therapeutic relationship with an acute sensitivity and respect for multi/cross-cultural factors. My clinical experience includes working with a diverse population which includes race, youth, families, and adults given my firsthand experience in navigating generational and cultural differences. Representation for minority groups in the broader world of mental health is still very small, and my own professional goals include creating more intersection between my personal knowledge of western cultures and professional experience in providing mental health support. My experience is varied and across settings, as I have provided individual and family therapy in community mental health agencies, school settings and day treatment facilities. I believe that we are all products of our closest relationships, our environment, our family systems, and every moment that leads to the present us. I strive to treat the therapeutic relationship, and you, with compassion, respect, and warmth. My therapy style and approach draws influence from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Mindfulness, Psychoeducation, and Structural systems. A top priority for me is to meet you where you are and calibrate treatment and my approach to what will work best for us as we work together to meet your goals. Whether you are working towards enlightenment and insight or symptom-relief and improved functions, my hope is that we can collaboratively work together to achieve it! It takes a lot of strength and will power to work towards a more fulfilling and happier life. If you are ready to take that step, I am here to support you and empower you.

Hello! My name is Ryan Humphries, and I am a full time Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) here in Georgia. I got my Masters in Counseling (MACN) from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, and have been practicing therapy here in Georgia for about 9 years. I work with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and substance abuse issues, as well as other life issues. I also work with couples, and with other relationship concerns to help clients improve relationships, and to become the best version of themselves. Together we will work on burnout, empathy, strengths, and use a positive psychotherapy modality to improve these and other aspects of yourself to feel better in general.

As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, I am driven by a strong desire to help others navigate the complexities of life and improve their mental health and wellbeing. I have always been interested in the human mind and the ways in which it can be affected by the world around us, and I believe therapy is a powerful tool for addressing these issues.

Hello, my name is Shonta Thomas, and I'm absolutely excited to connect with you! My passion is helping individuals, families and couples find peace, fulfillment and happiness in their everyday lives. I have a Master's Degree in both Community Counseling and Forensic Psychology. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, a National Board-Certified Counselor as well as a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional-II and well trained in Crisis Intervention. I look forward to helping you accomplish your goals on your healing journey.

My work has mostly revolved around individuals and families coping with major life changes. Grief and loss can come in many forms - divorce, death, loss of a job, rejection from peers, etc. In the past, I have worked in hospital, inpatient hospice, home hospice, and palliative care settings. Today, I see patients at bedside, in the home, and with patients transitioning to different phases in their life journey. Aside from working with the patients themselves, I embrace strong family communication and problem solving. When parents need a higher level of care, caregivers often feel overwhelmed, ashamed, and dealing with many tasks to have the patient moved to a safer environment. I strive when helping these families utilize the benefits of their communities along with evidence based practice to obtain gains in regards to psychiatric symptomology.

Welcome! My name is Angie Hamilton and I’m a Licensed Psychotherapist. Are you tired of life weighing you down? Do you want to get un-stuck? Do you keep repeating the same mistakes? I specialize in anxiety, PTSD, trauma, self-esteem issues, and also addictions. I use traditional psycho-analytic techniques to get to the bottom of the issues to the root causes. They say it will feel worse before it gets better, but I promise you it is well worth it, and YOU are worth it. I'm honest and will give you a clear view of what I see is going on! I believe healing is found in the truth. PLEASE ONLY BOOK APPOINTMENTS ON THE FULL HOUR.

Hi! In addition to being a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Georgia, I have certifications as a Level II Anger Management Specialist, Grief Specialist and Life Coach. I specialize in trauma related care and interpersonal violence. I work with children and adults providing services to individuals, couples and families. My clients express a significant impact on their lives when working with me.

I am a solution focused professional. I like for us to take care of the current issue at hand and then go backwards into what might be some of the thinking patterns that brought you to the current situation. I believe we all have the answer within, and I am here to help you find it. I believe we are all made up of mind, body and spirit. The goal is to get these 3 aligned for optimum results. As people, we should be working on one of these at all times, improving and growing who we are as people.

Life can present us with many challenges that can be difficult to navigate on our own. My name is Houa Lawson, LCSW. I have specialized training in a variety of behavioral health issues (trauma, depression, anxiety, amongst other issues, including substance abuse) and developmental disabilities. I also have extensive training, experience, and knowledge in crisis intervention. I am a Certified Crisis Worker through the American Association of Suicidology. I received my Bachelor of Science in Human Services and Master of Social Work at Kennesaw State University, where I had served as the Vice President of the University's Social Work/Human Services Dept Advisory Board for 3 years.

I am a native Spanish speaker originally from Colombia. I have had the privilege to work with English and Spanish-speaking adult clients for the past 14 years to effectively help them overcome issues caused by depression, anxiety, grief/loss, self-esteem, and abuse. Also, I can support clients maintain sobriety from all kinds of addictions. I completed my master’s degree in professional counseling in the state of Georgia where I also hold an active license to practice therapy.

Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Georgia. In addition to being a LPC, I hold a specialized certification as a Certified Alcohol and Drug Counselor (CADC-II) and a Medication Assisted Treatment Specialist (MATS). I have worked in the field of treatment for Substance Use Disorders and co-occurring mental health disorders in a variety of settings, including residential and outpatient treatment and community health since 2016. I am passionate about helping individuals overcome the oppression of addiction and trauma, which go hand-in-hand. With a compassionate, individualized approach, I provide a non-judgmental space for my clients to process their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. I help my clients gain insight into their thoughts and feelings, develop healthier coping strategies, and cultivate resilience.

Hi. I am a middle-aged married mother of one grown and one smaller child. Our next anniversary will be 10 years for us. We were both married before finding each other, so there is a history of blending families with children. I am a Christian and Jesus is the foundation of my life. "Through Christ, we can do all things." Philippians 4:13. I have my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I have experience in private practice settings and working in a community service board (CSB). I have led anger management groups. I have worked with ages from childhood to the elderly. I have worked with anxiety, depression, self-esteem, ADHD, family conflicts, relationship difficulties, traumas, abuse, bipolar disorder (manic episodes), suicidal ideations, personal growth (career, etc.), and spiritual development. Life can be quite challenging. Many times we are facing situations that we are not prepared for or have prior hurts that affect our ability to overcome. When we get into these places it is easy to feel stuck or even blind to what is really going on. It is easy to shut down and isolate out of fear of what others may think. I enjoy providing a safe, warm, and caring environment to help you pull down any walls or barriers so you can face the situation head-on. Many past clients have shared how I have helped them see things in a different light so they were able to rise above the challenges and grow during the process. "All things work together good for those who are called according to His purpose." Romans 8:28 You were created for a purpose and I want to help you discover what that is while helping you equip yourself better for it.

As a multi-state BIPOC licensed professional counselor with extensive experience in various treatment modalities, I specialize in providing virtual therapy services to adolescents and adults. My practice focuses on addressing a wide range of mental health challenges. Over the years, I have honed my clinical skills to effectively assess and treat the complex psychological and emotional impacts of trauma. I am dedicated to utilizing evidence-based approaches tailored to the virtual therapy setting, ensuring that clients receive compassionate and comprehensive support from the comfort and convenience of their own environment. My therapeutic approach integrates a deep understanding of trauma, mood disorders, cultural sensitivity, and ethical considerations, fostering a safe and healing space where clients can explore their experiences and work towards healing and recovery. Through collaborative and client-centered therapy, I aim to empower individuals to regain a sense of control, resilience, and hope in their lives. I am committed to ongoing professional development and strive to stay abreast of the latest advancements in trauma treatment to provide the highest standard of care to my clients. In my virtual practice, I emphasize the importance of creating a therapeutic alliance built on trust and respect, facilitating meaningful therapeutic work that supports clients in achieving their goals and improving their overall well-being.

Life can present us with difficult challenges, and it's completely normal to feel overwhelmed at times. It's a significant and commendable step to consider counseling services as a way to navigate through these challenges. I'm Natasha Lockhart, a Licensed Professional Counselor based in Georgia. I obtained my undergraduate degree from Oglethorpe University and pursued a Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling at Walden University. I hold certifications as a Certified Clinical Telemental Health Provider (CTMH) and a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Provider (CCATP). Beyond my professional qualifications, I've personally experienced the complexities of juggling various roles in life. I've been a wife, ex-wife, and mother, and I understand the unique challenges that come with each. I've encountered personal struggles during my teenage years, overcame significant obstacles in my early adulthood (ages 18-24), embarked on a journey of self-discovery from my mid-20s to mid-30s, and ultimately found my true and authentic self at the age of 40. The support and guidance of a compassionate therapist played a significant role in facilitating this personal growth. It is evident to me that therapy has the potential to be a transformative force in one's life.

Hello, my name is Jessica Wright, and I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Georgia. I received my Masters from Richmont Graduate University and have been in practice for 5 years. I have had the privilege of working with individuals, couples, and families facing a variety of challenges. My approach to therapy is grounded in creating a supportive and non-judgmental space where clients feel heard and valued. Whether you're navigating issues in your marriage, facing challenges in family dynamics, or seeking personal growth and healing, I'm here to support you!

I’m committed to your personal growth and happiness by exploring being your authentic self, including ways to improve communication skills to enable you to be able to engage in hard conversations, improve your connection with the important people in your life, and to ensure that you can self-regulate your emotions. With compassion and honesty, I aim to encourage your hopes and dreams to come to fruition.

Are you experiencing depression, anxiety, anger, numbness, loneliness, frustration, grief, trauma, or stress? Are you having difficulty coping due to everyday life challenges or feeling overwhelmed? Are you having trouble functioning in your everyday life? Are you currently facing emotional distress or is the trauma you experienced in the past causing you to feel stuck like you are not able to move forward in life? Are you using substances or other unhealthy ways to cope with your feelings? Maybe you are feeling alone and experiencing feelings of fear, anxiety, or uncertainty about how counseling will help. My name is Mindy, I am a licensed therapist in GA, and I am excited about taking the first steps together on your journey to wellness!

I am a dedicated and compassionate Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Georgia. I have earned a Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and my Bachelor's degree in Psychology, both from Southern New Hampshire University. I have committed myself to working with a diverse adult population, ranging from 18 to 65 years old. My counseling philosophy is deeply rooted in the principles of acceptance, safety, and non-judgment. I believe in the importance of creating a therapeutic environment where clients feel truly seen and heard. I understand that each individual's journey is unique and make every effort to meet my clients where they are, fostering a space where they can openly identify and understand their concerns without fear of judgment. My approach to therapy is integrative, blending various therapeutic modalities, which I tailor to the individual needs of my clients.

Hi and welcome to therapy. My name is Kathy, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker serving clients in the state of Georgia. My career as a therapist has spanned twenty-one years working in a number of diverse organizations. I wanted to enter the helping profession and was attracted to therapy because it appeared to offer a way to incorporate creativity into the art of serving others. My work over the last few years has been in outpatient programs working with adults suffering from severe and chronic mental illness. It is in this capacity that I became passionate about working with adults suffering from symptoms of anxiety and depression.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with 12 years of experience in counseling and direct case management. Most of my career has been spent with children and families in the midst of homelessness, foster care, and/or adoption, so I am no stranger to walking alongside others in their lowest valleys and on their highest mountains. I have also worked with many adults and couples as they navigate depression, grief and loss, anxiety, and relationship issues. With a background in psychology and a continued interest in the way that our brains impact our lives, I work with each unique client to untangle the white noise in their mind and achieve their goals.

Hello, I’m Stephanie! Are you struggling to cope with life on life’s terms? As an experienced counselor, I am dedicated to helping individuals overcome their obstacles and achieve their goals. With a Master's degree in Counseling and over 19 years of experience in the field, I have a deep understanding of the challenges people face in their daily lives. My counseling approach is rooted in empathy, compassion, and a non-judgmental attitude. I believe that everyone has the potential to live a fulfilling life, but sometimes we need support and guidance to overcome the obstacles that are holding us back. Throughout my career, I have worked with clients facing a wide range of issues, including anxiety, depression, relationship problems, career transitions, and more. I have experience working with individuals of all ages and backgrounds, and I am committed to creating a safe and supportive environment where clients can explore their thoughts and feelings. If you are looking for a counselor who is committed to helping you achieve your goals and live your best life, I invite you to reach out and schedule a consultation. Together, we can work towards a brighter future.

Hello. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor currently based in Georgia. I have a Master of Science in Applied Psychology from Francis Marion University. I am a member of Psi Chi national honor society and the American Psychological Association. I have been practicing in public and private agencies for about 17 years. I help individuals discover their strengths and build the skills and supports they need to survive trauma, bad relationships and mental health challenges. My goal is to journey with each client as he/she/they learn to (ultimately) thrive in spite of the obstacles they face in life.

Congratulations on taking such a significant and courageous step in your self-care. My name is Ebony Yelder (she/her/hers), and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 20 years of experience providing counseling and psychiatric services. I have worked in a variety of settings to include, behavioral health hospitals, outpatient clinics, emergency rooms, in home counseling, as well as for the Department of Defense providing counseling services for our service members and their families. I am passionate about helping individuals cope with daily life challenges as well as more complex mental health concerns. My mission is to empower my clients through identifying and cultivating their strengths, consequently building upon these qualities to achieve the vision that they have for themselves. I strive to foster a relationship that provides a safe and non-judgmental space for clients to share openly and freely. "Be willing to take the first step, no matter how small it is. Concentrate on the fact that you are willing to learn. Absolute miracles will happen.” Louise Hay

In my role as a mindfulness-based therapist, I am dedicated to creating a therapeutic environment that is nurturing and non-judgmental, allowing clients to delve into their inner workings with a sense of compassion and empathy. I emphasize the importance of being fully present in the current moment and embracing a mindset of acceptance without criticism in my therapeutic approach. Furthermore, I prioritize guiding clients toward cultivating a deep sense of self-compassion and understanding, recognizing these as fundamental elements for personal advancement and emotional reconciliation. By integrating mindfulness techniques and meditation practices, I actively assist clients in developing an enhanced self-awareness and fostering a compassionate outlook on their experiences.

Duane Williams is a Licensed Professional Counselor with the Louisiana LPC Board of Examiners. He is also a Board-Approved Provisional Licensed Professional Counselors (PLPC) Supervisor. He is also a Licensed Professional Counselor with the Georgia Composite Board of Professional Counselors, Social Workers, and Marriage and Family Therapists. He is also a Licensed Professional Counselor with the Texas State Board of Examiners of Professional Counselors. Mr. Williams earned a Master of Arts in Counseling and Guidance from Louisiana Tech University in 2002 and a Bachelor of Science in Psychology from Northwestern State University. He has over 20 years of professional work experience in various settings, including office, home and community-based, adolescent group homes, adult correctional facilities, and vocational training programs for adolescents and young adults. His expertise encompasses community-based social services, foster care, and mental health. He empathizes with the emotional and developmental needs of individuals and families. He has experience helping clients develop emotional regulation skills to cope with life stressors, including anxiety, depression, trauma, parenting, couple relationships, and child/family conflicts.

My name is Jodi Cofer and I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) and I have been working in mental healthcare since 2015. I love working with individuals (13 and older), couples, and families to help them find hope and healing as they navigate relationships and mental health struggles. Using a variety of modalities, I work to assist clients in achieving goals that help them live fulfilling lives. My clients report positive outcomes and feel equipped to overcome many issues that felt insurmountable prior to therapy. I have a strong preference for in-person therapy but I am also equipped to utilize telemedicine as needed depending on client need.

Hello! I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Georgia. I received my Masters from Troy University in Alabama and have been practicing for 5 years. I help young adults- older adults struggling with career stress, career change, retirement, family issues work/life balance and burnout become the best versions of themselves. I love and enjoy being a counselor and helping my clients to gain insight into their lives past and present. I enjoy working with young adults, adults, and the geriatric population.

I am retired Army officer and a licensed and board certified clinical social worker. I am considered a subject matter expert in a few areas, primarily cognitive behavior therapy. I chose to be a cognitive therapist because it resonates with me and because it works. Traditional talk therapy can be cathartic and have a relaxing effect, but you could do that with a friend at no cost. I value your time and money by utilizing evidence-based psychotherapy techniques to help you get better faster and learn the skills to help keep you out of a therapists office in the future.

My name is Tyundreya Lindsey and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have practiced therapy for the past ten years. My therapy background includes community mental health, public and private psychiatric inpatient programs, and private practice. I specialize in anxiety, relational/marital issues, and stress management. Are you someone who needs an outlet to release your thoughts, as well as learn ways to cope with stressors? I provide education and tools needed to set boundaries, regulate emotions, conflict resolution, and communication skills.

Hello, I'm Ylonda Hadley, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), dedicated to helping individuals navigate life's challenges and achieve greater well-being. With a compassionate and client-centered approach, I provide a safe space for clients to explore their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. As a therapist, I have the privilege of witnessing the transformative power of therapy in my clients' lives. By offering empathy, guidance, and evidence-based interventions, I help individuals cultivate resilience, develop coping skills, and gain insight into their inner world. Through the therapeutic process, clients often experience profound shifts in their thoughts, behaviors, and relationships, leading to increased self-awareness, improved emotional regulation, and enhanced overall functioning. Therapy can empower individuals to break free from patterns of distress, overcome obstacles, and live more fulfilling lives. Whether it's managing anxiety, processing trauma, or navigating life transitions, I am here to support my clients every step of the way. Together, we can embark on a journey of self-discovery, growth, and healing.

Hello! My name is Patricia and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Georgia. I have over 35 years of professional experience in therapeutic settings! I have provided therapy in a variety of settings that include outpatient behavioral health, inpatient psychiatric hospitalizations, community based residential programs and now through online services! You can see I have had an array of experience over the years that has provided me great understanding of mental and emotional health! My view on life is to keep one's eyes on the windshield with only glances in the rearview mirror so one can move forward to the good that lies ahead not limited by the negative past! I believe in the the quote, "You can't go back and change the beginning, but you can start where you are and change the ending!" C.S. Lewis

I'm a dedicated therapist committed to helping individuals and couples navigate life's challenges and find healing and growth. With expertise in areas such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, couples counseling, and grief support, I provide compassionate guidance and evidence-based techniques to empower my clients on their journey towards emotional well-being and fulfillment. Whether you're seeking support for personal growth, relationship issues, or coping with loss, I'm here to support you every step of the way.

Hi! Are you searching for more meaning & purpose in your life? Unsure where to start? Are you stressed, depressed, having difficulties at work, or at home, or in your social life? You may be coming to therapy because you’re tired of pretending…of struggling…of trying so hard, but continually getting the same results! I can help you gain control over anxiety, grief, depression, and feelings of hopelessness. My approach to supportive talk-therapy is that you truly already have within you the answers you seek. My responsibility is to help you find your inner strength & wisdom, and then to support you as you learn to clearly express the truth of who you really are. Your responsibility in therapy is to be honest and courageous! I will create a space where you feel safe enough to let your walls down and from there you can find balance, peace, joy, and even freedom from self-imposed and unkind negative thinking. It may be different to think of putting your needs before others, but if you examine “selfishness” as “wise” or “foolish”, you will see how to use “wise selfishness” to develop a deeper compassionate relationship with yourself and others. (terms in parenthesis are excerpts from: The Book of Joy: Lasing Happiness in a Changing World; by His Holiness the Dali Lama, Desmund Tutu, et.al.) Taking the first step toward therapy is huge! Yet, here you are, looking for a therapist that “fits”. Don’t stop now…day by day, in every way, you deserve to get better and better! Wherever you are is where we will begin. I’m empathetic and compassionate and work with valid tools and techniques that go beyond talk therapy. Let me support you as you navigate toward change. It would be my honor.

Hi! I'm a LCMHCS, LPCS, LCAS, CCS based in North Carolina and practicing in NC, SC, GA and NH. I received my Doctorate in Counseling Psychology from Argosy University and two Masters from Webster University in Counseling and Health Administration. I have been practicing for over 20 years and enjoy working with a diverse population of people. I have several areas of expertise and enjoy using them to support my clients in their overall life goals and plans for success.

I have over 20 years experience as a mental health counselor , guidance counselor and career counselor. I like to work with individuals experiencing life changes that may need someone to help them with transitions or focusing on problem resolution. I enjoy working with clients that are able to identify the areas that they feel would be most beneficial to address through therapy and those that are truly wanting to change their mental mindset. I look forward to working cohesively and collaborate with all clients to reach their goals of self efficacy

Sometimes it feels like you’ve been pursuing a career and a life that’s not your own. You may feel like society doesn’t value your culture, your sensitivity, and your expression. Your experiences have led to feeling stressed, anxious, and depressed. If this sounds like you, welcome to your return to joy. As a therapist specializing in empathetic and liberation-focused work, I am dedicated to supporting Black individuals from all gender identities. For the past ten years, I have provided individual and group therapy for multicultural populations in inpatient and outpatient settings. I have over 20+ years of professional and educational experience in higher education and advising. I currently specialize in offering an emotionally safe space for those highly impactful black folks in the arts and healing professions who are seeking support for anxiety, depression, racial trauma, personal growth, career/life transitions, grief, trauma, and work stress. I’m passionate about helping individuals re-envision their lives for more authentic living that is inclusive of more inspiration and joy.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Georgia. I received my Masters from Georgia State University (Go Panthers!) and have been practicing for 6 years. I help young adults and adolescents struggling with issues related to anxiety, depression, and life transitions become the best versions of themselves. I have a particular passion for working with clients who have experienced trauma- both past and present.