Therapists in California

I am a licensed psychotherapist in California, and I specialize in the examination of the human experience, with an emphasis in trauma and abuse, anxiety, depression disorders, and couple's therapy. I always strive to embody cultural humility, and I am proud to serve diverse clients of all backgrounds and walks of life. As a clinical therapist and cultural arts practitioner, I employ a unique artfulness to my style of therapy. I utilize traditional therapeutic modalities paired with mindfulness and meditation. I believe clients gain insight and answers to their challenges by exploring their inner-genius, and I am happy to serve as your trusted guide. Through clearly expressed goals and a commitment, one can be on the journey to self discovery, empowerment, mental wellness, and contentment. Under my therapeutic guidance, clients are empowered to create and embrace their own inner light. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy takes determination and a kind of "I am sick and tired of being sick and tired" type attitude, and I am proud of you for getting started! In the words of the late Bruce Lee, "What we are not changing, we are choosing". Let's work together and get your life on the path you truly envision for yourself.

Hi! My name is Rita Diaz and I obtained my master's degree at the University of La Verne. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor. I do my best to assist my clients understand their behaviors and how their life has affected them. I understand the challenges we face as first-generation adults, acculturating, adapting, learning and looking to fit in.

Hello - I am an LCSW serving the adult population in the state of California. I earned my MSW degree from San Jose State University and have been licensed for 12 years. I work with clients from a strength based perspective and offer knowledge/skills to support in increasing functioning and efficacy. I believe in mindfulness practices and making the most of each moment thus moving away from depressive and anxious thoughts. I also excel in increasing self esteem/compassion and improving relationships to self and others. I hope to see you on my schedule and look forward to working with you!

Hello! I am a Licensed Marriage Family Therapist practicing in California. I earned my master’s degree in clinical psychology from Antioch University – Los Angeles. I received my license in 2020, and work with adults, adolescents and seniors. At present, I meet clients in-person or virtually for couples and individual therapy. Often people seek therapy when they are going through a rough patch. We can work together to navigate, and attempt to improve the situation by applying coping strategies, reviewing options., and other techniques.

I use a client centered approach in therapy sessions. I am here to listen to your words and be understanding, I will also provide feedback as needed. You can count on a nonjudgmental, safe and confidential space. It has been a privilege to work with adults, families, and children. I look forward to joining you in discovering all that life has to offer.

Hello! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist based in California. I received my Masters from The Chicago School of Professional Psychology and have been practicing for about 8 years. I have past experience working with clients in crisis intervention, foster care, adoption, disabilities, suicidal ideation, and anxiety. I help adolescents and young adults struggling with everyday stress and past trauma to help them feel more comfortable with themselves.

I am a dedicated professional who works tirelessly to meet the needs of my clients. With a focus on relationships and exploring options, I strive to deliver exceptional service in all aspects of my work. My goal is to build strong, long-lasting relationships based on trust and mutual respect. I like to explore the history of an issue and its relationship to you.

Welcome! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I received my master's degree in 1999 from the California State University of Long Beach (CSULB), and have been practicing for 20+ years. I specialize in helping adults navigate depression, anxiety, relationship challenges, loss and grief, and life transitions using a combination of warmth, compassion, and evidence-based therapies.

Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and I have been practicing for about 5 years. I graduated from Cal State Long Beach and I help clients become the best versions of themselves. I have experience in working with people who have serious mental health issues and co-occurring disorders, depression, anxiety, and grief. I believe that the client is the expert in their own lives and I am here to assist them achieve their goals in a positive way. I work with anyone residing outside of LA County.

Hello, I’m Devon Rankin, LMFT (#123947) — a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist and graduate of Saint Mary’s College of California. I’ve worked in the mental health field for over 11 years and have been licensed since 2021. My experience spans across telehealth, community-based, and private practice settings, providing therapy to individuals, couples, families, teens, and children. My approach is collaborative, culturally responsive, and trauma-informed. I help clients explore the root causes of distress, strengthen emotional awareness, and rebuild healthy patterns in relationships and daily life. I integrate modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), Client-Centered Therapy, Play Therapy, and mindfulness-based practices to support holistic healing. I specialize in working with clients navigating anxiety, depression, trauma, family and relationship conflict, identity exploration, and life transitions. I also have a deep commitment to serving BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ communities, recognizing how culture, identity, and systemic challenges shape emotional well-being. At the core of my work is the belief that healing begins from the roots — when we feel seen, supported, and safe enough to grow into our most authentic selves. My goal is to provide a space where clients can restore balance, build resilience, and move toward meaningful change.

I am a bilingual (Spanish/English), bi-cultural Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 12 years of experience providing compassionate, culturally sensitive therapy to adults navigating life’s challenges. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, depression, trauma, relationship issues, or major life transitions, I offer a safe, supportive space—now available through secure, confidential telehealth sessions. My approach is warm, non-judgmental, and focused on helping you reconnect with your strengths, clarify your goals, and build emotional resilience. I integrate cultural understanding and clinical expertise to support Spanish-speaking and multicultural clients in a way that feels respectful and empowering. Therapy with me is a collaborative process. From the comfort of your home, we’ll work together to explore what’s holding you back and move toward meaningful change. I believe every person has a sacred purpose, and I am here to support your journey toward healing, balance, and personal growth—wherever you are. Soy una Psicologa (LCSW), bilingüe (español/inglés) y bicultural, con más de 12 años de experiencia brindando terapia compasiva y culturalmente sensible a adultos que enfrentan los desafíos de la vida. Ya sea que estés lidiando con ansiedad, depresión, trauma, problemas de pareja o transiciones importantes, ofrezco un espacio seguro y de apoyo—disponible ahora a través de sesiones confidenciales por teleterapia. Mi enfoque es cálido, sin juicios, y se centra en ayudarte a reconectar con tus fortalezas, aclarar tus objetivos y fortalecer tu resiliencia emocional. Integro la comprensión cultural con la experiencia clínica para apoyar a clientes hispanohablantes y multiculturales de manera respetuosa y empoderadora. La terapia conmigo es un proceso colaborativo. Desde la comodidad de tu hogar, trabajaremos juntos para explorar lo que te impide avanzar y lograr un cambio significativo. Creo que cada persona tiene un propósito sagrado, y estoy aquí para apoyarte en tu camino hacia la sanación y el crecimiento.

Hello. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I have worked in a variety of settings, including, but not limited to, couples, individual, child(ren) residential facilities, forensic, school mental health, and community mental health awareness. I offer an eclectic, customized model of treatment to meet the needs of clients and their families. There is a concierge service available upon request for certain circumstances. (ie: Recovering from physical or TBI traumas and the home setting is more suitable to provide comfort for the client).

I am an LPCC with a masters in clinical mental health counseling. I have been practicing therapy since 2019 and started my EMDR journey in 2020. I have experience with children, adolescents, young adults, and adults. My work entails exploring all aspects of a client’s well-being to ensure all needs can realistically be met with gradual growth towards wants and maintenance of the two.

My dream client is someone who is growth oriented and ready for healing. One gets from therapy what one puts into it, if you are commited to achieving the goals you have set for therapy, then you and I will become invincible as I feel pretty confident I have the tools to get you there. If you commit to doing the assigned homework, exercises and tools, I guarantee that you WILL feel better, you will experience a sense of empowerment, confidence, an increased ability to navigate life and relationship's challenges effectively

Hello there : ) I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in California. I have been practicing for 12 years. I create confidential, non-judgmental, and safe space for you to unpack your thoughts and process your feelings about whatever is causing you to feel sad, stuck, angry, or confused. It is a privilege to be a part of your journey of healing.

Welcome to my practice. I am a seasoned therapist and have worked in many different settings over many years. All I ever wanted to do is help people have their best lives. I practiced social work with a Bachelors degree in prisons, community agencies for the disabled, a state hospital, a state facility for people with cognitive challenges, child and family welfare work and working with folks in community care homes. I also developed and led a community program for Guardians ad Litem in child abuse and neglect cases. Then I went back to school and earned my Masters in Social Work and then my therapy credentials after many hours of supervision. I truly enjoy listening and encouraging clients to embrace strategies for wellness and self-compassion using mindfulness and compassion and strength based materials. I am actively engaged in consult groups with other therapists focusing on trans and queer issues. For several years I taught at the graduate school level in South Carolina and then Utah, teaching social work students skills for working ethically and compassionately.

I am not only a therapist but a real person. Everyone struggles with mood and thoughts and sometimes we all need help navigating the intensity of these experiences. I hope to be a guide for you as you walk through whatever challenges are keeping you from moving forward. This process will be challenging and will take work, however if you take away one thing from reading this, it is that you are not alone and there are people out there waiting to offer help.

Hey there! I'm a young clinician that enjoys aiding clients through major and minor life transitions. I prefer a interactive, conversational style that allows for free flowing rapport building and client comfort through the treatment process. I know that counseling/therapy is not an easy situation to put oneself in, but if I can ease it in any way possible, that is the goal, so that we can focus on what most matters to you.

I am a straight-forward but empathic therapist, who also appreciates the same from her clients. I also believe in the social work mission of starting where the client is, so sessions are based upon that analogy. I have experience in many areas, including hospital, foster care, group homes, forensics, Veterans, home health, etc. I received my Masters of Social Science Administration from Case Western Reserve Univerity, and my Doctorate of Psychology from California Southern University. Although I have a doctorate degree, my scope of practice does not fall under the psychological testing, pharmacological practices, nor community services. I only do individual therapy so if you need case management, family/couples therapy, psychologicial testing, or medication, please refer to those licensed or practicing in those areas of expertise.

Hi there, I'm Gut (Goot)! Thanks for looking at my profile, "the journey of 1000 miles begins with one step". I am a Veteran looking to assist others with their own "1000" mile journey. My approach I utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to assist individuals on their perspective journeys. I utilize Solution Focused Brief Therapy primarily with couples. My focus I have found that my style and approach work well with individuals who prefer a straightforward, assertive approach. My communication style is assertive, direct, with a curious undertone to solicit perspective. My journey in mental healthcare I wanted to assist with preventing Veteran suicides. My goals for you My goal is not that of a pastor; I do not want you to keep coming back, but to take what we have learned and continue the journey.

Hello and welcome! Therapy with me is a space to slow down, talk things through, and feel supported in a thoughtful and comfortable way. The tone is calm, welcoming, and focused on helping things feel easier to navigate. There is room to explore what is happening, reflect on experiences, and begin to see situations with more clarity and perspective. Sessions are designed to feel steady, supportive, and genuinely helpful. This is a place to sort through what is on your mind, gain a clearer sense of direction, and feel more at ease as things start to make more sense. The focus is on helping life and relationships feel clearer, more balanced, and easier to move through, so forward momentum can feel steadier, more natural, and more grounded.

Mental health is more than just managing symptoms. It’s about fostering overall well-being, inner peace, and resilience. I have ten years of practice using a holistic approach that integrates mind, body, and spirit, offering you personalized care that honors your unique experiences, culture, and values. I am dedicated to providing compassionate, evidence-based mental health services that empower individuals to achieve emotional well-being and personal growth. Through a client-centered approach, I create a safe, supportive environment where each person is treated with respect, empathy, and understanding. My goal is to help individuals and families overcome life’s challenges, foster resilience, and promote long-lasting mental health and wellness.

Therapy can be a frightening, overwhelming process, yet one of the most rewarding and life changing experiences of your life. It allows you to be you, share your thoughts and feelings without judgement, feel safe, gain insight into your thought process, your behaviors, and learn to be in control of your overall experiences. Through your strengths and weaknesses, you will learn to embrace each and every experience, and you will gain the knowledge to make the changes you need to achieve your goals. You will find the power within you to bring fulfillment to your life journey. I am a bilingual (English/Spanish) licensed clinical social worker with over 15 years of experience helping people, couples, and families grow, and learn what they need to have a more fulfilling life experience. I will listen to your life experience. I will listen to your challenges. I will work with you on reaching your goals or helping you identify your goals in order for you to feel successful in our therapeutic process.

Hi, my name is Evan. For the past 25 years I have been helping people improve their lives. I help adults struggling with anxiety, depression, relationships, trauma from childhood or events they experienced, substance use, sexual abuse, low self-worth, people pleasing and many other issues. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I am also a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC) to work with people living in California.

Good day! My name is Daniel and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience serving multiple populations including clients struggling through financial hardship, life changes, relationship issues, emotional/ physical abuse/trauma, diagnosis of a serious mental illness in the family, and depression/ anxiety. I graduated from the University of Texas A&M - Commerce and am currently licensed in California, Kentucky, and Texas. I believe the bravest and most fulfilling way to grow is to "do the work" and I look forward to assisting clients in that journey in every way that I can.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I received my Masters from the University of Southern California and have been practicing for over 10 years. I help adults struggling with stress and mental health issues become the best versions of themselves. I am passionate about meeting people where they are at and helping them feel better and reach their goals.

Greetings, I am a licensed marriage and family therapist in the states of California and Texas. I have been in the mental health field for nearly 20 years. I specialize in treating couples and individuals with issues related to communication, infidelity, trauma, depression and anxiety. As a marriage and family therapist, I am trained to treat individuals with the goal of ameliorating symptoms and challenges that occur within the context of relationships.

Hello, I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in California. I received my Masters from the Portland State University in Portland Oregon and have been practicing for 4 years as a licensed clinician. I help adults and young adults struggling with mental health and addiction disorders to become the best versions of themselves. I have been employed in mental health inpatient and outpatient agencies and addiction programs with effective results.

I am a licensed therapist providing compassionate, collaborate results oriented therapy for clients seeking to change their lives for the better. I am devoted to acceptance and commitment therapy with the understanding that people have the capacity to grow and resolve. I believe that clients have the answers within themselves to remove barriers and challenges in their lives and it is a privilege to assist them in recognizing it and bringing it out.

Great to meet you! I believe the key to living a happy life, is learning how to speak your truth with grace & live a courageous life of authenticity. This requires checking in with yourself, often, exploring old patterns that aren’t serving you, tapping into grit & resiliency, and having a growth-oriented mindset. I'm an avid adventurer, having traveled to 25+ countries. I'm a licensed tailwheel (multiengine & seaplane) pilot who loves radial engines and vintage aircraft. In my spare time, you’ll find me flying, gardening & reading and chasing a house full of boys.

I am a Licensed marriage and family therapist in San Diego, CA. I’m a trauma therapist who utilizes different modalities such as inner child work, brain spotting, and EMDR. I specialize in PTSD, anxiety, depression, relationships, attachment styles, self-esteem building, and substance abuse. I have a deep desire and passion for those struggling with PTSD, Childhood trauma, relationship conflicts, and self-esteem. I am trained in EMDR, DETur, and brain-spotting. I have a strong love and connection for people; I’m focused on change, acceptance, and helping people be the best version of themselves. I provide a safe, non-judgmental, supportive space where you can be free and feel anything and everything that you need to.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a decade of experience specializing in treating individuals struggling with substance use disorders, trauma, and co-occurring mental health conditions. I work with dual-diagnosis clients, where I provide therapy to clients facing complex challenges, including addiction, depression, and anxiety. My therapeutic approach integrates psychodynamic therapy, family and couples therapy, and interpersonal relationships helping clients uncover the underlying emotional and relational patterns that contribute to their struggles.

Exhausted by the way you think about yourself? We are often (if not always) our own worst enemies. Whether this pattern has caused you problems with guilt, shame, anxiety, depression, addiction or you name it - the starting point is generally the same. When we embark on the project of therapy you will be asked to put your painful thoughts and feelings into words. As the process unfolds, the strength and fervor used to overthink and condemn yourself will become accessible to use productively in reaching your goals.

Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in California. I received my Master’s in Clinical Social Work from the University of Southern California. I also have a Bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Cal State University Northridge. I have a extensive history with over 15 years of experience working with adults 18 and over with various mental health diagnoses. I like to create a safe and supportive environment for my clients to have a place to express their thoughts and feelings.

I am a licensed marriage and family therapist specializing in psychotherapy for adult/elder individuals and couples. I’ve had the privilege of working within various multidisciplinary teams providing psychotherapy for over a decade. This work has enabled me to develop my therapeutic skills and expand on personal attributes vital to the therapeutic processes. I’m passionate, committed to work with people toward their goals, to heal emotional wounds, to achieve more clarity while allowing for growth and improving lives.

Hey there! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in California. I received my Masters from Antioch University, Los Angeles and have been in practice for 7 years. I like to use a calm, affirming, personable communication style to encourage an emotionally safe and contained space for you to acknowledge the painful memories and emotions stuffed down as a means of survival.

I’ve studied and practiced many methods. I like to be eclectic and work with you with what’s needed to get you back on track and feeling your best. I was a teacher for many years, then went for my masters in social work. Life has many twists and turns. Sometimes we can feel off balance or are suffering from depression or anxiety. We’ve all had our ups and downs and getting back on track and feeling our best is a goal I enjoy helping people achieve to live the life they want.

Please Read Entirely: Families often come to seek more information on how to establish and produce healthier habits that benefit their well-being and self-esteem. They learn that the healthier they are, it increases their happiness and in turn benefits relationships. Kendall helps families and individuals explore and identify who they are, their communication style and how to protect these realizations with healthy boundaries. After learning more about themselves, families often feel much more equipped to decrease or rid themselves of symptoms that prompt them to seek therapy initially. It's always an honor, privilege and a wonderful opportunity to process with families in their sacred spaces. Consider starting your journey to Optimum Wellness today by scheduling a Live Session with Kendall Bradford, LCSW and Associates. Love and Light! ** Therapy is an emotional process and we do not conduct sessions while family's are operating moterized vehicles. Please do not drive during sessions and if you must, we can schedule a time for you to park or find a safe space to have the session. Thank you! ** We love couples therapy and couples therapy is not covered through insurance at this private practice. The price is out of pocket for couples between $150-$180 (depending on sliding scale). Private Practice Website: www.OptimumHealing.org or Contact using the email on file

Welcome! My name is Tiffany Drake and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), and I’m here to support you as you take this important step. In our first session, my focus is on getting to know you—your experiences, concerns, and hopes for therapy. We’ll discuss what brought you here and begin to identify goals that feel meaningful to you.

I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapists. I earned my Master's Degree in Psychology Counseling from Mt. ST. Mary's University in Los Angeles and have been practicing for 15 years. I facilitate insight into problematic issues in your life transition towards a life worth living. My approach is empathetic, compassionate, and direct. I help recognize unhealthy patterns of thoughts and behaviors.

Hi, my name is Elizabeth Iaquinto, I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Central California. I received my Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy and Clinical Counseling from Brandman University and have been practicing for 5 years. I specialize in helping those that struggling with anxiety, depression, and self-esteem issues by working on utilizing coping skills to better their every day lives and relationships.

I’m a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist, Life Coach with a certification in Clinical Trauma and Perinatal Mood & Anxiety Disorders. I received my masters from Pacific Oaks College and I have multiple years of experience. My journey has taken me across a broad spectrum of settings. I have experience working with school aged kids, adults, the criminal justice system, forensic and various DMH contracts. I'm here to help facilitate individuals through self exploration and supportive guidance through learned therapeutic approaches. My integration of Dreamwork, Breathwork and Mindfulness techniques help support emotional resilience and personal growth. These diverse experiences, education and learned skills have shaped my understanding, empathy and deepened my commitment to compassionate, culturally attuned care.

My name is Shawna Reynolds, and I have been in the social work field for 20 years, and the clinical field for over 15 years now. I was drawn to social work to specifically to help provide a sense of safety, security and stability for youth and families. I bring that same sense of safety, security and stability to my Therapy Practice where using a variety of CBT and TFCBT different modalities I now help adult clients identify areas of self-improvement so that they can make positive behavioral changes in their lives to experience more positive pleasurable emotions such as excitement, happiness and a healthy self-concept.

Hello I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and have been practicing in the field of Social Work for over 30 years. I have worked with many different people from a variety of cultures. I have helped both children, adolescents and adults with various concerns from criminal behaviors, addiction, and serious mental illness. I have helped people change their behavior and thinking so they can reach their potential, achieve their goals and heal emotionally, spiritually, and physically.

Hello there, I’m Lus. Do you miss feeling like yourself? Does it feel like you are going around in circles with the same problems yet can’t seem to find a permanent solution? I guide adults from a person-centered approach to find solutions to their problems when experiencing difficulty managing emotions such as those that come with depression and anxiety. I can help you work through major life transitions (newly married, becoming a parent, empty nester, starting school, grief, becoming ill, divorce, etc.) getting to the root of the problem and developing cognitive behavioral techniques that will get you back to stability. Obtaining therapy services can be intimidating but I can guarantee you that you are making the right decision. I possess bilingual abilities (Spanish), if it's your preference. You deserve your own space to heal and evolve. During our sessions, you will have a safe space where I will meet you with empathy and evidence-based practice. Let me help you.

My goal is to increase self compassion and compassion for others as individual women navigate their personal, academic and professional lives. I am taking individual female clients over the age of 18 for virtual sessions throughout the state of California. I enjoy spending quality time with friends and family, comedy, theatre, filmmaking, creative writing, improvisation, nature, traveling, film and television, documentaries, dancing and making art of all kinds. I graduated from the High School for Performing and Visual Arts in Houston, Texas. In college, I studied theatre, documentary film and creative writing. I have a BA from Columbia College Chicago. While in Chicago, I was on the faculty at the Second City Training Center where I directed and co-wrote original sketch comedy revues and taught acting and improvisation to children, teens and adults. I received my master's in clinical psychology from Antioch University Los Angeles. I am currently based in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Hi there, my name’s Ephraim Tokar. I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 20+ years of experience. My specialties consist of relationships, men’s issues, career counseling, and psychosomatic illnesses. I received my Bachelors degree in Child Psychology, working initially with the adolescent population before transitioning over to adults. I then received my Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy. Whether it's individuals or couples, I'm happy to get to work with whomever comes my way. I do my best to facilitate a warm, trusting environment. Looking forward to meeting with you soon!

You don’t have to struggle alone! I look forward to the opportunity to work collaboratively with you in your journey in discovering how to make positive changes, decrease negative behaviors and thoughts, and help improve your mood and engagement with life! In our hectic world we often find ourselves afraid to take risks that could jeopardize the stable lives we have created for ourselves. We remain in jobs, relationships and old patterns that no longer work, while symptoms such as anxiety, depression, stress, anger and self-defeating patterns keep us from making real changes to our lives. If that sounds like you, you are stuck. We can feel lost and alone when we are unable to move forward, whether in work or a personal relationship. Therapy can help you break free of that and thrive. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with a focus on teens, adults, and couples. I have worked with clients on concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and family reunification. I received my Master’s in Marriage and Family Therapy from Pepperdine University. I also minored in sociology.

Hi I’m a licensed professional counselor licensed in California, Georgia, Colorado, Oregon, Vermont, and Rhode Island. I have been in the counseling field helping children and adults for more than 25 years. I help adults of all ages struggling with everyday stressors, grief, anxiety, depression, issues with addiction, relationship issues, work stress etc, my goal is to help you figure out and work through challenges to live life on your terms.

Hello! I'm a Licensed Clinical Psychologist based in California. I received my Doctorate of Psychology (Psy.D.) from the California Professional School of Psychology (CSPP) at Alliant International University in 2017. I have been practicing in settings like the California Department of Corrections and the Department of Veterans Affairs, Central California Health Care System for seven years. My experience is primarily with adults who have a severe mental illness, or merely symptoms that are disrupting their sense of wellness and are a barrier to their happiness.