Tanisha Richardson is devoted to those who want to improve their mental health. She supports and guides individuals who are facing mental anguish. Together with you, she develops a restorative approach through the use of interventions, tailored coping techniques, and personalized methods that move you forward. The therapeutic process is an intimate process to go through as we share sensitive information. It is my goal to build a great comfortable relationship with you.

Hello, thank you for taking the time to explore my page. You are making the right decision! My name is Amia Taylor, and I am an experienced clinician who enjoys working with people of all ages, experiences, and backgrounds. I have expertise in supporting those with anxiety, depression, grief, and trauma. I aim to create a therapeutic space that allows for genuine authenticity and healing by tailoring sessions to each client. Take the first step towards empowerment, understanding, and peace of mind by scheduling a consultation to connect and see if I am a good fit for you. I lead with a compassionate, trauma-informed, strength-based, and person-centered approach. Outside the therapy space, I enjoy arts and crafts, aromatherapy (especially a great-smelling candle!), and laughing with loved ones.

I am licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia with 6 years of professional experience. I am a mother to three adult children and a Mimi to my two young granddaughters. As a child, I always wanted to be a therapist and have always held a deep love for people. I love nothing more than to help people to process their lives and make changes that lead to peace and happiness. I see therapy as a way to encourage you to invest in yourself and I work as a cheerleader/guide in your life. I feel that it is a gift to walk through the darkest days of people's lives and to have the honor of watching them walk out the other side, stronger and more resilient.

Greetings, I am Melissa. I know what it's like to feel you have no one who hears you when you speak. I know what it's like to feel you have no one to trust to confide in who is a good listener and not judgemental. I've been there, I know it's hard. I am here to listen. I am here to confide in with a non judgemental attitude. I would love to have the opportunity to help you find yourself and become the best version of yourself. All I ask is for you to be open to positive change and brave enough to take the first step and reaching out. I know sometimes it's hard to seek and ask for help but you can do it! I am experienced in using CBT and DBT therapy techniques to help you address your struggles with anxiety and depression. Looking forward to walking with you as you start your journey to better and stronger health!

Welcome! I work with individuals who have experienced trauma in their childhood as well as throughout their lives. This compiled trauma over the years can often cause trouble emotionally regulating or feeling strong in your sense of self. Maybe you struggle with perfectionism, all or nothing thinking, or self criticism. Perhaps you have struggled with controlling your impulses, relationships never seem to stick, and chaos and crisis seems to follow you wherever you go. We can process and relieve feelings such as shame, distrust, overwhelm, panic, irritability, anger, and depression without judgement.

Hello! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Florida and the proud owner of On Point Counseling LLC. I am also licensed in Indiana and in Virginia. I received my Masters degree from Florida International University and have been practicing for over 8 years. I have experience working children, adolescents, and adults. My goal in therapy is to help my clients to improve the quality of their lives.

Hi there! My name is Ryan Ellison, I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Virginia and I have 3 years of work in the field of mental health. I have worked with clients in managing depression, stress and anxiety, family conflicts, trauma and abuse, & self esteem amongst other things. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to ensure to meet your unique and specific needs. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life towards change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey!!! I love working with people who are navigating issues of trauma, anxiety, confusion, and depression!

Hi, I'm Barbara! A warm and compassionate soul, with 25+ years in the mental health field. I spent most of my career working in community mental health settings and have the breadth of varied experiences that entails. I'm familiar with the court and judicial system, the state mental hospital system, and worked alongside numerous other entities (DSS, FAPT, CSU, schools, courts, probation, pre-trial, CASA, drug and alcohol treatment centers, state health agencies, community services boards, healthcare providers, private acute facilities, and other BH healthcare entities). I was educated at Loyola University, New Orleans (BA in Psychology), later earning a Master's degree/Professional Counseling, in Central Virginia. I'm licensed in the State of Virginia and have worked with folks from all different age groups and walks of life. My career began working with children and families, which still holds a very special place in my heart.

"True success is the predictable result of hard work, patience, sacrifice & learning put into practice everyday." - Unknown Hey there! Thank you for sliding on past my profile and the above quote is essential to not only my mindset in how I approach everyday as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) but also how I want to assist in creating a space for my clients. I am currently based in Pennsylvania & have over 10 years of experience working with an array of clients. I have helped many from young adults to older adults take a deep dive within themselves to challenge thoughts, perspectives and beliefs that create a mental and emotional limitation on becoming a more empowered and improved version of themselves. My goal is to respectfully challenge and guide clientele to look within themselves since they are the best expert on their own life and choices so that they can discover the innate skills and abilities that can take them to higher heights within their situations and lives.

I am a licensed independent clinical social worker with over 14 years of experience working as a clinician, therapist , and crisis interventionist. I have worked with clients with a wide range of concerns including depression, anxiety, substance use problems, psychosis, and ADHD. I also helped people who have experienced trauma and/or emotional abuse. I would like to clarify my expertise does not include eating disorders, or pornography addiction as of yet, although I do understand some of the symptoms and causes. My therapy style is genuine and solution focused.. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. My approach is dialectical behavioral based with strengths perspective and motivational interviewing. Any treatment plan to meet your needs will be collaborative, timely, and with measurable goals. Usually following the "S.M.A.R.T." goal format. Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timely. I have worked extensively in crisis intervention in the agency and on the streets, in hospitals, and in mental health courts and case management agencies, and have managed in this capacity. I also have many years experience related to substance use disorders and have worked as a therapist utilizing primarily Dialectical Behavioral Therapy as my main approach as well as utilizing Cognitive Behavior Therapy . Regardless of any experience, upbringing, current, or past situation, everyone has choices they can make that best serves them and the life they want to live. I look forward to working with you!

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker(LCSW) based in Michigan, but I also serve individuals in Virginia. I received my Masters from Widener University in 2021. I have worked in many different settings, providing mental health treatment to individuals. Some of these settings are inpatient behavioral health units, outpatient group therapy programs, and community-based settings. I have a wide array of treatment models that I have learned over the years, utilizing these with my clients to help them explore their thoughts and feelings while providing a healing environment. I now provide individual therapy to adults, adolescents and children. I also possess a Bachelor in Recreational Therapy from Central Michigan University, earned in 2009. I worked as a Recreational Therapist for over 15 years, working with children with developmental disabilities in the community, and then transitioned to working with adults and children's in various mental health settings. I continue to encourage a healthy leisure lifestyle with my clients, discussing the importance of self-care, self-esteem and cultivating self-worth. Having fun and finding the joy in life is a part of healing from a mental health crisis. If the times on my schedule don't work for you, please make an appointment and message me with a better time and/or day and I can change. I am able to see clients during the day outside of what my calendar availability shows but on a limited schedule. I always try to be as flexible as I can to meet the needs of my clients. :-) No show policy: All I ask is to be communicated with, even last minute. I know life can happen pretty quickly but without any communication, it is a $100 cancellation fee.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the Commonwealth of Virginia and a Licensed Independent Social Worker in the State of Ohio. I am a compassionate therapist specializing in anxiety, mood disorders, and trauma. My approach integrates evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with mindfulness techniques, and a focus on the mind-body connection. I am committed to providing trauma-informed care to ensure a safe and supportive therapeutic experience.

First of all, I love what I do and to witness the positive changes clients make in their lives as a result of choosing therapy to help them accomplish what they want. Often the goal is to achieve symptom relief so as to not be overwhelmed by anxiety, mood disorders or be better able to manage the challenges of ADHD. Sometimes there is not a specific outcome identified but a need for ongoing support for dealing with life transitions or difficult people. Sometimes clients use therapy as a confidential sounding board where they can talk to an objective outsider about situations and sort out their perspective. I offer various ways to see and respond to situations that might otherwise not be considered. Your opinion as a client is the most important one and I will also honestly provide mine when asked for. I believe therapy can actually be something that you can look forward to and an opportunity to learn new skills to use long after you discontinue, and we can even have some fun and laughs along the journey.

I am a licensed clinical social worker in FL, Idaho, Virginia; licensed independent clinical social worker in Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Rhode Island. I graduated from Barry University in 2014 and have been working within the mental health and hospital field since. I enjoy helping others overcome the challenges life throws at them. With the right mindset, support and environment, I believe change is possible. I provide psychotherapy services to individuals in a collaborative, supportive, and safe environment.

Hi, I’m Liz Serens, a Licensed Professional Counselor in Virginia. I support individual adults navigating anxiety, Attention‑Deficit–related disorders (including ADHD), identity exploration, stress, and life transitions. My style is collaborative and emotionally attuned, offering a steady, nonjudgmental space for growth. I welcome clients from diverse backgrounds and identities and hold space without judgment for the full range of human experience. I bring lived experience with ADHD, a learning disability, and the emotional challenges of navigating body image in a culture that often ties worth to appearance. I help clients understand how their patterns and past experiences shape their emotional world, including shame, internalized criticism, and body‑related emotions. I also support individuals dealing with body dysphoria and self‑esteem concerns rooted in distorted or critical self‑perception, and I use simple body‑based grounding skills—like tapping—to support regulation and presence. I don’t provide diagnostic evaluations, including those related to neurodivergent conditions, learning disabilities, or autism, and I don’t offer EMDR. I help clients connect with the right resources while continuing our work in a grounded, supportive way.

Hello, I'm Sally. Are you struggling with emotional instability, depression, excessive anxiety, feeling frequently overwhelmed or experiencing mood swings? I have counseled clients for over 25 years and I can provide you with the necessary tools and coping skills to improve and manage your emotions. I also offer guidance to overcome issues that may interfere with setting and/or realizing your goals, or other issues that are "keeping you stuck" from moving forward with your life.

If you’re feeling overwhelmed, mentally unsteady, or unsure how to move forward — you don’t have to carry that alone. I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and graduate of North Carolina State University. I work with adults navigating anxiety, burnout, life transitions, relationship stress, and questions of direction or purpose. Many of the people I support feel capable and motivated — yet internally worn down, struggling to feel grounded, present, or confident in themselves. My primary focus is helping clients stabilize emotionally and mentally — so you feel more anchored, regulated, and clear. From that place of steadiness, we begin to explore how you can grow into the fullest version of yourself, making the most of your strengths, values, and lived experience rather than trying to become someone you’re not. Therapy with me is not about pushing or fixing — it’s about creating a solid foundation where clarity, confidence, and meaningful change can naturally emerge. For those who find meaning and strength in their Christian faith, I welcome that as part of our work together — though spirituality is never required or assumed. You bring what matters to you, and we build from there.

My name is Michael Starr, and I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker. I believe therapy is more than just problem-solving, it’s a place to rediscover who you are, heal what’s been hidden, and move forward with clarity and strength. I work with individuals, couples, and families facing anxiety, trauma, relationship challenges, identity questions, and emotional overwhelm. My style is honest, grounded, and deeply respectful of the human experience. I use evidence-based approaches like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Trauma-Focused CBT, but I also hold space for what cannot always be explained, your story, your meaning, your growth. Clients often come to me feeling stuck, disconnected, or unsure of how to move forward. Together, we uncover the patterns keeping you there and build the insight, skills, and resilience to move through them. You won’t be rushed or judged. You’ll be heard, supported, and challenged when needed. You don’t have to have all the answers. You just have to be willing to start. Healing begins with one honest conversation, and I’m here to take that step with you.

Twenty-five years of experience working with a wide range of individuals with a wide range of presenting problems and needs. I have helped individuals work through grief, trauma, adjustment disorders, difficult life transitions, acculturation issues and end of life counseling. I have helped many individuals gain new insights and coping abilities in managing chronic mood disorders, anxiety and fear disorders, personality disorders and impulse control disorders. I have experience working with addiction and recovery including compulsive gambling and sex addictions. I have also worked with individuals in various stages of commitment to change. I began my career working in community mental health serving individuals with severe and persistent mental illness/primary psychosis disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective, delusional and bipolar affective disorders. I have worked in a variety of settings within the mental health field including hospital settings, partial hospitalization settings, outpatient therapy, intensive case management, as well as remote services. I have been clinical director of two outpatient treatment centers. I have facilitated many therapy groups including anger management, anxiety management, wellness and recovery, co-occurring disorders and trauma-focused groups.

Hello! My name is Douglas Starliper and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW-C) licensed to practice psychotherapy in both Maryland and Virginia! Before becoming a licensed therapist, I spent a career as a Paratrooper in the 82nd Airborne Division where I deployed four times. The struggles many Veterans are facing today are what galvanized my interest and desire to begin my 2nd career as a therapist. I utilized my GI bill to complete my undergraduate degree at McDaniel College in Westminster, MD and my graduate degree at University of Maryland Baltimore. I recently completed the supervised portion of my career and am currently fully licensed to practice independently as a LCSW-C.

Hi there, I'm Ladonna, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker supporting clients in Virginia, Washington DC, and Maryland. I have experience providing crisis intervention for a crisis line and providing psychotherapy services to children, adults, and families in private practice, schools, nonprofit outpatient clinics, and a local government agency. I meet my clients where they are at using an eclectic approach, pulling from multiple evidence-based therapy practices.

Beginning therapy can feel vulnerable, but it can also be a powerful step toward meaningful change. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 30 years of experience working with adolescents, adults, couples, and families. I am licensed in New York, Virginia, California, and Washington, and am approved by the Virginia Board to provide clinical supervision. I have worked in schools, foster care, public mental health, substance use treatment, and private practice, which gives me a deep understanding of how trauma, relationships, and life transitions shape our emotional well-being. I specialize in trauma-informed care and support clients navigating anxiety, mood disorders, complex trauma, relational challenges, and identity development, including gender and sexuality exploration. As a PhD student at the International Institute for Clinical Sexology, specializing in Advanced Gender Therapy, I provide affirming and thoughtful care. My approach is collaborative, respectful, and grounded in evidence-based practice. Together, we focus not only on reducing distress but on building resilience, clarity, healthier relationships, and greater self-trust. My goal is to create a space where you feel safe, understood, and empowered to move forward.

I am a licensed professional counselor and board certified dance/movement therapist. I strive to create an open and safe space for clients to be their authentic self and find it important to see a client's physical, emotional, and developmental world through their lens. We will work together to explore and express emotions, develop and expand communication skills and relationships, and find ways to continue overall growth within the therapeutic relationship. I focus on solution-focused and cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches, but employ additional options as needed, depending on each client's personal journey towards healing.

Greetings! My name is Dr. Laura Lee Jones and I am a licensed clinical social worker in New Jersey, Florida, Pennsylvania and Virginia. I began my career in clinical social work over twenty years ago. I hold a Doctorate of Social Work from Capella University, a Masters of Social Work from Monmouth University and a Bachelors of Arts in Liberal Studies from Rutgers University. I consider myself to be an inspirational clinician who effectively communicates in a way that encourages action and change. Through my many years in the field of psychotherapy, I am an expert behavioral health clinician specializing in mental health services to improve the quality of life for individuals of all ages and circumstances. My passion is helping people realize their potential to effectuate change through mindfulness, empowerment, and person-centered approaches. I have a certificate in IFS and CBT treatment models. My style is friendly, warm, and honest. I find that trust and acceptance is the foundation for an effective therapeutic relationship and humor is a must! I approach each session by meeting the individual where they are at and go from there.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia. I received my Master of Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University. I have worked in behavioral health and healthcare arenas for over thirty years. This includes experience in oncology, hospice care and all the aspects of providing social support in a Level I trauma center. Over the past few years I have focused exclusively on the provision of therapy for individual adult clients of all ages and walks of life.

As a therapist, I pride myself on being a well-rounded individual with a warm and welcoming personality. My journey into the world of mental health began with a deep-seated passion for helping others, which led me to train as both an addiction counselor and an EMDR therapist. I believe that everyone deserves a safe space to explore their thoughts and feelings, and I strive to create an environment where clients feel comfortable and supported. My diverse background allows me to connect with individuals from all walks of life, fostering an atmosphere of trust and openness.

My therapy approach is person-centered and integrative, drawing on a variety of techniques including cognitive-behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, and mindfulness-based approaches. I connect with clients wherever they are, embracing their values and strengths. My goal is to guide you on your journey. I enjoy hiking, being around animals, creating art, trying new foods, cooking, and spending time with loved ones. I also have a strong interest in Star Wars and Harry Potter.

Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in the heart of VA. I earned my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Liberty University in 2020 and have been practicing for the past five years. My approach to therapy comes from a place of validation and hope: believing that you have it within you to be the person you want to be!

I am a clinical mental health counselor (LPC), currently studying for my Doctorate. I am passionate about supporting individuals through life’s challenges by creating a safe, nonjudgmental space where clients feel heard and understood. My approach is collaborative and integrative, drawing from evidence-based methods such as CBT, DBT, mindfulness, and trauma-informed care to meet each person’s unique needs. I am committed to helping clients build resilience, improve emotional well-being, and move toward meaningful personal growth. Also I speak Farsi too.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, who specializes in mental health. I am qualified to work with all ages. I love working with the elderly, couples who suffer from PTSD, depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia. I have experience working with the severely mentally ill for more than thirty years. But my passion is the elderly. They do not get the attention they deserve, in my opinion. Considering that they have worked and contributed to society most of their lives.

Welcome! I'm Zena Jones Take a moment to acknowledge you've taken the first step towards bettering your mental health because, let's be honest - starting therapy can be empowering, confusing, or scary, all at the same time. I strive to create a safe and welcoming environment that allows clients to explore obstacles with concerns related to anxiety, depression, or self-care. I focus on helping clients develop assertive communication & boundaries with themselves and those around them that can help improve their quality of life. Counseling can foster personal development in whatever way you may be seeking and help build the life you so deeply deserve. If that's what you're looking for, I'm here when you're ready to share.

Hello and Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Virginia. I have been working in the mental health and counseling profession for 28 years. I also have a Ph.D. in psychology and philosophy with published research on family caregiver stress. I strive to build a collaborative trusting relationship with all of my clients, while also providing them with a warm, safe space to openly express their feelings about past and present issues. I feel it is important that every client feel understood, supported, validated, and comfortable in their sessions. After all, this is your healing journey which I am hopeful to support and guide you along the way.

My name is Alicia Thompson, and I’m a licensed clinical social worker in Virginia. I deeply believe in the power of therapy to support individuals through good times and the bad, and I’m passionate about helping my clients develop skills to address challenges such as trauma, depression, and anxiety. My goal is to empower clients to care for themselves in ways that are both healthy and productive.

Greetings, I am a newly licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Virginia. I earned my Master of Social Work from the University of Southern California and have accumulated 12 years of experience in the field. My focus is on assisting adults and their families become more psychologically flexible as they navigate the complexities associated with chronic illness and internal and external stressors. Which can lead to greater resilience, emotional tolerance and better quality of life.

There is a way out. Those who come to see me are often at a crossroads, frustrated at how they are trying to deal with problems and seeking workable strategies and solutions to cope. Therapy is meant to be a space to feel welcome to talk about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are problematic. Understanding unhealthy behaviors, frustrations with life, and/or unsuccessful efforts to cope can help reveal the obstacles that may block your path to growth and desired outcomes. I have over 15 years experience providing therapy and case management including in the areas of: Couples counseling; Anxiety issues; Medical and chronic pain issues; Relationship intimacy struggles and relationship/couples challenges; Phobias; Eating disorders and body image challenges; Post-residential and outpatient maintenance therapy for continued abstinence and sobriety from substance use and eating disorders; Fertility and conception issues; LGBTQ and gender concerns; and Couples counseling (without legal involvement). I am distinguished by my training in Strengths Based Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral, Pain Reprocessing Therapy, Emotional Freedom "Tapping" technique, Acceptance and Commitment, Mindfulness, and Contemplative Care. I am licensed in CA, ID, VA, FL, TX, NJ, WA, and UT. Why do we explore? So you can live a life YOU want to live! ** I do not provide forensically-focused clinical services for individuals/couples involved in active litigation, divorce proceedings, or child custody disputes, nor do I provide court-ordered evaluations or expert testimony**

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in North Carolina. I received my Masters from West Virginia University and have been practicing for 8 years. I specialize in clinical assessments, including Comprehensive Clinical Assessments (CCA) to support diagnosis and referrals to outpatient providers, as well as work accommodations, FMLA, and ESA assessments. I do not conduct ADHD or autism evaluations.

My name is LaTonya Thomas and I am a license clinical social worker. I have been in the mental health field for over 14 years and has worked with clients with anxiety, depression, grief, life transition and many more diagnosis. My goal is to help the clients become aware of what may be going on with them and ways to handle it.

Tileda Brown, LCSW, CSAC Licensed Clinical Social Worker | Certified Substance Abuse Counsel | Individual Therapy Welcome! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 8 years of experience supporting individuals through life’s most challenging transitions. I specialize in cognitive behavioral therapy, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, substance abuse and self-esteem. My approach is warm, collaborative, and rooted in evidence-based practices, including Acceptance and Commitment Therapy , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and mindfulness-based interventions. I work with adults navigating issues such as: Struggling with Depression Anxiety and panic disorders Grief and loss Relationship and attachment issues Life transitions (divorce, career change, etc.) In our work together, I strive to create a safe and nonjudgmental space where you feel heard and empowered. Healing isn’t linear, and I believe therapy should move at your pace. Whether you're feeling stuck, overwhelmed, or simply seeking deeper self-understanding, I’m here to support you.

Hello, My core belief is that all people are created equal; therefore, everyone has equal right to leave to their fullest potential. I earned my master’s in social work from University of Maryland, School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD in 2010. I have Licensed Certified Social Worker - Clinical (LCSW-C) in MD, Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker in DC and Licensed Certified Social Worker (LCSW) in VA. For more than 10 years, I have utilized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), humanistic, person-center, strength-focused therapy and other psychotherapy Intervention to assess, plan, implement and evaluate individual or family in diverse therapy environment. I am commented to assist people to live life to their fullest potential because we all have one life to live, and we deserve to be in peace with ourselves. I have worked with people in LGBTQ+ community both in individual and couple session. I am WPATH qualify to write gender affirming surgery letter.

Hi there, my name’s Ephraim Tokar. I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with 20+ years of experience. My specialties consist of relationships, men’s issues, career counseling, and psychosomatic illnesses. I received my Bachelors degree in Child Psychology, working initially with the adolescent population before transitioning over to adults. I then received my Masters in Marriage and Family Therapy. Whether it's individuals or couples, I'm happy to get to work with whomever comes my way. I do my best to facilitate a warm, trusting environment. Looking forward to meeting with you soon!

Hello, I have been a Counselor for 15 years and I love my work. I grew up loving working with animals, competing in sports, reading everything, and having a great curiosity for how nature and people worked. I have been blessed with many wonderful and loving people in my life; and know how much it means to experience kind and helpful people in hard times. I provide an organized and easy to follow process using EMDR to address the difficulties my clients are facing and help them achieve the outcomes they are looking for. I provide a calm and accepting presence to my clients as they tackle some of the biggest challenges in their life. I value the effort they are making and how important to them and their loved ones their progress is.

Many of us navigate the world using the survival skills we learned in our childhood. We often grew up learning to view and interact with the world in a way that made us feel safe. Now, some of these survival styles hinder us from building deeper connections with others and ourselves. Our marriage becomes challenging, family interactions feel superficial, and we often feel the need to be vulnerable but don't out of fear of judgment. This stops us from connecting with others, establishing boundaries, and making better decisions.