I received my Master of Social Work degree in 1999; and since the completion of my degree, I have worked in an array of settings such as child welfare, geriatric case management, end-of-life care, community mental health with adults, teens and children; and addiction recovery.
While I have worked with people of all ages who have presented with a variety of physical and mental health problems, I have an extensive background in substance abuse treatment. I have a knack for translating 12-step terminology into more practical terms as it relates to psychotherapy. As a person in long-term recovery myself, I have learned (and wholeheartedly believe) that it takes all possible resources to stay clean and sober, and I can help you find the tools to accomplish long-term recovery. I have also worked in the hospice/palliative care field, and am sensitive to the psychological challenges that arise from addressing our mortality and the ripple effect of serious physical health problems. As a member of the queer community, I can help support and guide you in any issues you are having navigating any related issues you may have. Whatever you are struggling with right now, my promise to you is that I am here to help you identify the root of your problems; and more importantly to find ways to alleviate the distress you have been experiencing, and to establish both short and long-term solutions.
Hi, I am a Marriage and Family Therapist practicing in North Carolina. I received my degree from Saybrook University in California and have been practicing for the past 15 years. I have specialized training in Somatic Experiencing and Attachment Therapy. I work with adults to resolve symptoms of stress, shock, and trauma that accumulate in our bodies and nervous systems transforming patterns that get stuck and impact our daily life. I support clients in bringing their nervous systems back into balance getting out of fight, flight and freeze to strengthen one's sense of safety, resourcefulness and resilience in the world. Some of the techniques I use are helping clients slow down and attune to what is happening in their bodies. I also work with clients on "resourcing" or finding tools to help them self soothe when they are feeling emotionally overloaded. I specialize in individual therapy and am not currently seeing couples.
Welcome! I'm Stephanie Freeman,MSW, LCSW, LCAS.
Take a moment to acknowledge you've taken the first step towards bettering your mental health because, let's be honest - starting therapy can be empowering, confusing, or scary, all at the same time.
I strive to create a safe and welcoming environment that allows clients to explore obstacles with concerns related to anxiety, depression, and/or self-care. I focus on helping clients develop assertive communication & boundaries with themselves and those around them that can help improve their quality of life.
Counseling can foster personal development in whatever way you may be seeking and help build the life you so deeply deserve. If that's what you're looking for, I'm here when you're ready to share.
I have been practicing Pastoral Care & Counseling for over 20 years. I am a board-certified chaplain and spiritually integrated psychotherapist through the Association Clinical Pastoral Education and a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor.
I have experience in providing counseling and assessment services to children, adolescents, adults, families in church, social service agencies, seniors/nursing homes and hospital/ hospice healthcare settings.
Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) based in North Carolina. I received my Masters from Gardner-Webb University and have been practicing for 10 years. I help young adults and children struggling with career/school stress as well as feeling stuck in a life. All the pressures we have today lead to melancholy and burnout. Lets work together to help you become the best version of yourself so you can feel peace and contentment.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who helps individuals heal, grow, and reconnect with themselves. My approach combines Internal Family Systems (IFS), EMDR, and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) to address the roots of distress and promote lasting change. I provide culturally sensitive, experiential therapy that honors your identity, values, and lived experiences. Whether we are reprocessing painful memories, exploring parts of yourself, or engaging in present-moment experiences, I create a compassionate and collaborative space where you feel understood, supported, and empowered to move forward.
Hello!
I am licensed in North Carolina, Iowa, North Dakota, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Utah, and Florida. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, depression, Autism, ADHD, coping with grief and loss, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. Congratulations on getting to this very important step! I am excited to support & empower you in that journey.
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of North Carolina. I have experience working with adults, adults with SPMI, adolescents, and families seeking support to overcome trauma, anxiety, depression, life transitions, grief, parenting issues, anger, self-esteem, codependency, and other challenges that arise in life.
I completed a Bachelor's and Master of Social Work at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke with a minor in substance abuse. I utilize a collaborative and holistic approach to helping individuals overcome their challenges because they’re experts in their lives.
Do you feel isolated, alone, and misunderstood as a woman struggling with alcohol, anxiety, or self-worth?
Do you find yourself stuck in the same patterns—overdrinking, people-pleasing, or self-sabotaging—even when you want change?
Is it hard to slow down, be present, or sit with your thoughts—without reaching for distraction or alcohol?
Do you feel as if you are always in “go mode,” even when you’re exhausted?
Are you focused on others’ needs instead of your own?
Are you hesitant to talk to others about your problems?
I believe that meaningful change begins with understanding and self-compassion. You already carry the capacity for growth and healing, but sometimes we need support to recognize it. Therapy offers a fresh perspective to help you break free from old patterns, develop new skills, and respond more intentionally to life’s challenges.
My goal is to create a warm, nonjudgmental environment where curiosity replaces self-criticism, and where your strengths, resilience, and well-being are at the center of the work we do together.
I am a licensed clinical social worker in private practice since 1996. I have experience working in a multitude of worked in both inpatient and outpatient facilities. I have training in short term solution, focused therapy, addressing interpersonal, developmental an existential concerns. I am also well-versed in cognitive behavioral therapy. I seek to offer practical goals and objectives to my clients to address the changes they are seeking.
Hi, I’m a therapist who works with teens, young adults, and even connect well with adults who are feeling anxious, stuck, overwhelmed, or disconnected from themselves. My clients are often deep thinkers and feelers who care a lot but sometimes struggle to show care toward themselves. Many are navigating transitions, healing from the past, or trying to figure out who they really are.
In therapy with me, you can expect a warm, down-to-earth space where you don’t have to pretend or have it all together. I bring humor, compassion, and curiosity to our work together and a deep respect for your lived experience. Whether you're untangling old patterns, building healthier relationships, or learning to trust yourself again, I’m here to help you reconnect with your strength and your story. Therapy isn’t about fixing you, it’s about helping you feel more like you. And I’d be honored to be part of that process.
Greetings! I am Amina Omar Ali and I congratulate you for making this important step in changing your life for the better. It can be difficult decision and the work that follows in not easy, but with an open mind, and practice, you will get where you want to be.
My job is to facilitate your journey into self discovery, and help you find and attain what you want. Therapy is about you, and the work you do will determine the success you have in therapy.
Let me assure you that coming to therapy does not mean you are "crazy" or weak. It takes courage and strength to open yourself up to a stranger and do that deep dive into your vulnerable self.
Be proud you have made this choice, and recognize that with a little help you can change your life.
I am a bilingual English-Japanese Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and Licensed Counselor Addiction Specialist. I received a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling with a concentration in Addictions Counseling in 2018 at Appalachian State University. I have worked in a residential substance use treatment facility as a counselor. My approach to counseling is based on Person-Centered theory. My goal as a counselor is to support the process of self-discovery and to enrich the lives of others.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor based in North Carolina. My experience comes from providing direct mental health care in various settings and providing grief counseling to children in school and national grief counseling settings. I have worked with children, teens, and adults with varied presenting issues, including anxiety, depression, anger management, trauma, stress, low self-esteem, Women issues, Marital/ Pre-Marital, Spirituality, Life Coaching, and family issues.
I approach the therapeutic relationship with respect and dignity for each client. I walk with them on their journey to wholeness at their own pace. I worked with individuals and families from diverse backgrounds, helping them navigate their challenges. I am compassionate and a great listener. I believe in what I do and am compassionate about helping the people I serve. We all can reach our highest potential, which is what I want to help my clients obtain. Many individuals I worked with have had setbacks, but once they believe in themselves, they realize their stumbling blocks are only stepping stones to their destination. Working toward a more fulfilling and happier life takes a lot of strength and determination. If you allow me, I will walk with you on your journey.
I earned a Master of Arts (MA) in Professional Counseling from Liberty University. I have six years of professional Counseling and over thirty years of experience working in human services.
I’m pleased to share that I am now offering in-person sessions....
I’m a therapist passionate about supporting people through both emotional struggles and the real-life challenges they face. My work focuses on healing that’s not just psychological but also grounded in your everyday experiences. I offer a compassionate, down-to-earth approach that’s tailored to your needs. Together, we’ll explore what’s holding you back, build practical tools, and work toward helping you feel more understood, empowered, and ready to move forward.
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I graduated from the University of South Carolina in 2017 with a Masters in Social Work and a specialization in Health and Mental Health. My experience is in treating anxiety, panic disorder, Depression, and substance use. My goal is to help you recognize the capacity to change exists and move through to become the person you want to be.
Hi, I'm Debbie Howard, a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC). Reaching out for support takes courage, and I would be honored to walk alongside you! I have 15 years experience helping individuals, families and youth work through challenges such as life transitions, stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and parenting. I also specialize in helping children and teens build resilience, confidence, and coping skills that support lasting change at home and school.
My approach is warm, client-centered, and collaborative. I believe therapy should feel empowering, supportive, and tailored to your unique needs and goals. I integrate a variety of evidence-based practices including Cognitive Behavior Therapy(CBT), Alternative Family CBT, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT), Acceptance & Commitment Therapy (ACT) , mindfulness, trauma-informed care, and solution focused therapy. Together, we'll focus on building self-awareness, resilience, and lasting positive change in a safe, nonjudgmental space.
Hi!
I'm a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor (LCMHC) based in North Carolina.
I received my Masters from Madonna University and my Doctoral degree from Oakland University. I have been in practice for over 22 years. I am who people of all ages consult with when they are struggling with embodying their true and best self. Teaming up with me has helped many people get "unstuck and out of the funk" ultimately moving towards their unique version of living their best life.
Hello, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in North Carolina with a Master's Degree in Social Work and over 20 years of experience in various clinical and non-clinical settings, including hospitals, government agencies, and private practices. My approach emphasizes collaborative partnerships with motivated clients, empowering them to use therapeutic skills and techniques to achieve their goals and move forward.
I'm a laid-back, compassionate therapist who takes the time to really get to know you, your story, values, and what feels important right now. I create a space where you can talk openly without judgment, and we move at your pace. I pull from different therapeutic tools depending on what fits best for you, and together we determine what helps you feel supported and move toward the life you want. I help individuals (ages 11+) and couples navigate anxiety, depression, stress, self-esteem, and life or relationship challenges with compassionate, person-centered, and evidence-based support. Whether you're facing life changes or seeking emotional resilience, I provide a safe space and practical tools to foster growth, clarity, and lasting well-being. Taking the first step toward gaining support can feel daunting, but you’re not alone. Together, we can explore ways to build resilience and gain clarity, helping you move forward with confidence.
Hello, my name is Felice Hightower Britt and I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor, Certified Life Coach, and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional with over 15 years of counseling experience. I received my Masters in Counseling from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. I help individuals dealing with depression, anxiety, trauma and grief. I also work with couples dealing with relationship issues.
Hi. My name is Jeidy Crawford, LCSW providing tele-health services for those located in MA, NC, SC,NH. I graduated with my Masters from the University of Pennsylvania and have 12 years experience.
I offer individual therapy for adults looking to build on their strengths. I start with understanding where you are now and obstacles you are facing. I help you identify your goals and make a plan to reach them.
Welcome to HeartSpace Counseling. My name is Catharine Long, and I have been blessed to work with folks from all walks of life as a board certified licensed clinical social worker for over 30 years. I gear my practice towards after hours support with appointments available Tu-Th in the evenings and on Saturdays. I am currently accepting new clients for virtual sessions and hope to hear from you.
Welcome! If you are seeking a down to earth and relaxed therapist- you are in the right place! I specialize in creating a safe and affirming space for individuals within the LGBTQ+ communities- where I have lived experience, individuals navigating chronic illness and caregiving, and those impacted by hoarding behaviors. I understand how important it is to feel heard and validated, especially when dealing with sensitive topics such as gender identity, transgender health, trauma, anxiety, depression, boundary setting, communication skills, chronic disorganization, and more. I write gender affirming care letters.
You’re showing up for everyone else—but when was the last time you showed up for yourself? Life can be overwhelming, especially when you’re navigating anxiety, burnout, addiction, or simply trying to make it through the day.
Hi, I’m Vanecia Storms, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina. I help adults get real about what they’re feeling, reconnect with their strengths, and take powerful steps forward—without the pressure to be perfect.
Therapy with me is a space where you can exhale, be heard, and maybe even laugh a little. Whether you're adjusting to a life change, overwhelmed by expectations, or struggling with past patterns, I’ll meet you where you are—with compassion, humor, and proven strategies for change.
I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor in the state of North Carolina and South Carolina. I received my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Liberty University. Don't let that scare you. I do not judge and am easily relatable. I love working with clients who find themselves in a place where they have to make life decisions and help them think through what the best decisions would be.
I am licensed as a social worker as well as an addiction specialist. My ideal client is struggling to understand how substance use and misuse is effecting their life.Maybe they are questioning their own use, or that of their partner, children, or they grew up with alcoholics in the household. I also love working with people with depression and anxiety who want to examine where they are at and where they might want to go. I love thinking outside the box and encouraging new ways of seeing the world and its possibilities.
VirtualOffers in-person in Asheville, NC - Accepting clients in NCAvailable
With a background in the field of Social Work, I have a sincere desire to help those in need. I have provided counseling for the past 17 years treating persons of all backgrounds, nationalities, and ages. My approach is one that is supportive, nonjudgemental, and solution focused. I strive to help each client recognize that they have the power to improve their well-being and live a satisfying life by simply tapping into their personal strengths.
Hello, I'm a counselor with a background in Forensic Psychology, having worked in the field since 2004. I have the privilege of serving a diverse range of clients from various ethnicities, racial backgrounds, and socioeconomic classes. My approach is non-judgmental, patient, and easy-going, creating a safe space where you can feel heard and understood. With many years of experience working in correctional settings, particularly with individuals in acute crisis, I am passionate about helping you navigate challenges, find solutions, and work towards lasting positive change. My goal is to empower you to take control of your well-being and move forward with confidence.
Hello and welcome! My name is Wanda Briggs, a licensed clinical mental health counselor (LCMHC) in North Carolina. I am excited to greet you here at the beginning of your journey to embrace healing, growth, and balance. I am wondering if you are experiencing difficult and overwhelming situations in your life which are challenging or painful to manage; if so, I have a strong personal commitment to provide an empathic approach, taking time to truly get to know you and to understand your situation I am committed to helping you navigate these toughest moments- life transitions, struggles in grief and loss, coping with anxiety, depression, or strained relationships. You are not alone as you work to improve your life. I wish to join you in this important work of moving forward and becoming your best self.
I am a solution-focused and cognitive behavioral therapist, focusing on problem-solving and cognitive reframing. My goal is to empower my patients. My other specialties in working with patients, include training in Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Mindfulness techniques, meditation, relaxation, bibliotherapy, music therapy, spiritual counseling, and many more eclectic techniques. Treatment plans are developed with flexibility and care towards a patient’s individual needs and expectations for therapeutic services.
I was raised in Memphis, TN and attended college in Nashville, TN where I received a BS degree. I got married while in college. We moved to Raleigh, NC after graduation. We've been married over 40 years. We have eight adopted children.
I began working for the USPS once we moved to NC. After working there for 10 years, I realized that I wanted to change careers and fulfill the dream of helping others in a more practical way. I took a break from work and obtained a MA in Counseling. After receiving my LPC license, I worked in various settings within the counseling field. I have worked in Child Protective Services, worked for a couple of mental health clinics, held a private practice, worked in crisis intervention for 10 years in a hospital setting, returned to the clinic setting, and have once again opened a private practice. I am licensed as a LCMHC and LCAS in NC.
Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in North Carolina and Utah. I work with individuals including professionals, first responders, women and adolescents. I enjoy helping women navigate pregnancy and postpartum, relationship issues, health issues and more life transitions. I have experience in hospital crisis and inpatient settings, schools, and the outpatient setting. My background in child development gives me a unique perspective when working with adolescents and their families. I offer a judgement-free space to allow clients to feel comfortable expressing themselves, and value being direct, open and honest.
I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) seeing clients in North Carolina statewide via virtual visits. I specialize in working with anxiety, depression, setting boundaries, dating in the digital era, confidence, and eating disorders. Whether, you have a small circle of friends, dealing with transitional changes in life, depression, loneliness, or even really crappy Hinge dates. You deserve to invest in your self-care and curate the most fulfilling life for yourself. If any of this speaks to you I encourage you to reach out today.
Life can feel overwhelming at times, but you don’t have to go through it alone. I’m a warm, down-to-earth therapist who helps children, teens, and adults manage anxiety, depression, relationship struggles, and life transitions with compassion and practical support. In our work together, we’ll focus on understanding your experiences, building on your strengths, and creating lasting change so you can feel more grounded and fulfilled.
Melissa Bradley, LCMHC, LPC, LCASA
I am a licensed mental health in both NC and SC. I am dedicated to assisting adults and teens to navigate anxiety, stress, addiction, depression, with blends of evidence-based techniques such as EMDR, DBT, CBT and person-centered techniques. I am confident and comfortable discussing your personal spiritual beliefs and helping my clients to navigate through life's various challenges. I have a history of working in addictions counseling as well.
I am a compassionate, client-centered therapist who primarily works from a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) approach. I believe that our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are deeply connected, and that by increasing awareness of these patterns, meaningful and lasting change is possible. I strive to create a supportive, nonjudgmental space where clients feel safe exploring challenges, gaining insight, and learning practical skills to improve their emotional well-being. I understand that reaching out for therapy can feel intimidating, and I work collaboratively with clients to help them feel empowered, understood, and supported throughout the therapeutic process.
Hello and congratulations on taking the first step in getting the support you need and deserve. As a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over a decade of experience, I understand how intimidating the process of starting therapy can be. What I would want you to know is I take a collaborative approach to treatment and look forward to walking with you as you work towards reaching the version of yourself you seek. I look forward to connecting with you and starting that journey together!
Hi, I'm a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Clinician. I am a mental health and substance abuse therapist licensed in North Carolina with over 15 years experience working in the mental health field. I am certified in DBT and sex offender treatment. I have worked with an array of consumers; children through seniors. I have worked with consumers suffering with depression, anxiety, personality disorders, and substance abuse issues.
Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Psychiatric Registered Nurse based in North Carolina. I hold a Master’s degree in Psychology from Old Dominion University and an Educational Specialist degree in Counseling Psychology from the College of William and Mary. Additionally, I earned my Master of Divinity in Christian Ministry from Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary and am currently completing my doctorate in Christian Counseling. With over 20 years of experience as a practicing therapist, I specialize in helping adults with depression and anxiety disorders become the best versions of themselves.
My name is Angela Wilburn, I am a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor and a Licensed Clinical Addiction Specialist. I have been a clinician for approximately 10 years; I chose this profession so I can help people navigate their way through those difficult periods in their life when they believe no one sees them or no one cares. I want my clients to know they have a voice
Welcome and congratulations on taking the first step in your healing journey! First, my name is Cherie and I am originally from New York. My journey to becoming a therapist began while serving in the Army and having the opportunity to help Soldiers and their family members with personal issues/concerns. My experience led me to pursue formal schooling and training to be more of a service through therapy and providing much-needed resources to the people in need. This path has been rewarding for me, and being able to experience lives being transformed and people empowered continues to be an honor.
Do you struggle with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, mood disorders, gender identity issues, relationship challenges, or any other mental health concerns? If so, you are not alone. I offer a diverse range of evidence-based therapies that have been scientifically proven to alleviate symptoms associated with mental health disorders.
My therapeutic interventions include Person-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Behavioral Therapy, and Solution-Focused Therapy. I empower those lacking motivation, encourage those who feel helpless and hopeless, and guide individuals who believe they have no purpose. I also teach coping skills to help navigate daily challenges.
Let's start today on the path to regaining control of your life. I look forward to hearing from you.
Hi, I’m Pete Cianci, LCSW, a licensed psychotherapist based in North Carolina. I work with adults who are ready to feel better and make meaningful changes in their lives. I believe therapy should be practical, clear, and focused on real results.
I use proven approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, and acceptance and commitment therapy. In simple terms, that means we’ll look at how your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors connect—and I’ll teach you skills you can use right away. I strongly believe therapy doesn’t have to feel like a mystery. When you understand how your mind works and learn tools that fit your life, change becomes much more possible.
My goal is to help you feel better as efficiently as possible while still feeling supported and understood along the way.
Hi! My name is Jordan Nivens, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in North Carolina. It can be tough when facing challenges and struggles. Taking the opportunity to seek out help is not a sign of weakness; but a demonstration of strength. I provide a nonjudgmental, understanding, and compassionate atmosphere to assist you in learning tools to cope with life’s problems, while empowering you with the skills and strength to bring about the changes you desire in life. I work with clients with various challenges including anxiety, life transition, women's issues and family/relationship concerns.
I'm a licensed clinical social worker who has practiced for over fifteen years, working with diverse populations with various issues. I have always seen it as an honor and privilege that you have chosen me to be on this journey of self-discovery and self-mastery of whatever challenges you face. I believe you are not a "billing code" but an individual who dares to seek help to improve the quality of your life
Hi, I’m Shenelle Jacobs, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT), Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC), and National Certified Counselor (NCC) with over eight years of experience in the counseling field.
I specialize in supporting individuals who are navigating addiction, anxiety, depression, and the effects of trauma. My approach is compassionate, collaborative, and grounded in evidence-based practices. I am trained in EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), which allows me to help clients process difficult experiences, regulate intense emotions, and build practical coping skills.
I strive to create a safe, supportive, and nonjudgmental space where you can feel understood and empowered. Together, we will work toward strengthening resilience, increasing self-awareness, and helping you move toward a more balanced and fulfilling life.
Ebonie Henderson is an experienced psychotherapist, offering 18+ years of clinical practice. She is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker as well as a Licensed Addictions Counselor. Ebonie earned her Bachelor of Arts in Psychology in 2003, as well as her Master of Social Work degree in 2007 from The Ohio State University. Ebonie operates from an empowerment perspective and believes that all individuals have the right to live the life they desire and experience the fullness of a whole and unified self. Ebonie uses the therapeutic alliance to promote healing, and to assist individuals in employing practical strategies to cope with troublesome symptoms and stressors.
I am passionate about assisting individuals with improving their quality of life and daily functioning during the most delicate and vulnerable times in their lives.
I work with adults, couples and families by helping them to develop coping strategies, improve mental health/interpersonal skills, and techniques to decrease life stressors and mental health symptoms that negatively impact personal functioning and quality of life. I am a Certified Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapist and focuses on the effective treatment for those that have endured sexual, physical, emotional, childhood and domestic abuse. I consider myself to be an Integrative Psychotherapist, which means I use a variety of orientations and therapies to be able to meet the client’s individual needs.
Hello. Welcome to my virtual office. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in North Carolina. I earned my Masters of Social Work from the University of South Carolina in Columbia and have been practicing clinically since 2017. I have experience working with children, adolescents and adults overcome negative emotions and interact normally with family, friends and the community without irrational fears or intrusive thoughts that control behavior.