Therapists in Florida

Hey there, my name is Amelia, By taking a compassionate and warm approach, I help my clients heal from the past and make meaningful change in the present. My priority is to build authentic, honest relationships with my clients. Through building a trusting relationship, my hope is that you feel comfortable to explore your emotions and unpack past experiences that may be hindering you in your present life. I believe therapy should be engaging, supportive, and responsive.

With over eight years of expertise and experience, I am dedicated to advancing mental health education and awareness. Educating clients about mental health is a crucial aspect of my work. By helping clients understand their conditions, I aim to empower them, reduce stigma, and motivate adherence to treatment plans and healthy lifestyle changes. Expertise in psychotherapy, crisis intervention, evidenced-based treatments, and trauma-informed practices. Throughout the treatment process, I provide continuous support and guidance. My goal is to help clients navigate the challenges of mental health, ensuring they feel less isolated and more understood.

Welcome! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) in Florida. My practice focuses on helping individuals take back control of their lives. My experience includes assisting clients with a variety of issues including Depression, Anxiety, Grief, Anger, Communication, insomnia, and other life-distressing problems. I provide no-nonsense solution-focused strategies utilizing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic, and motivational approaches. By using these proven therapeutic approaches, we will change long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.

I am an experienced bilingual therapist, originally from Argentina. I believe in the power of the therapeutic relationship and strive to create a safe space for individuals in order to encourage personal growth and well-being. I am dedicated to helping clients navigate through life's challenges, while providing a supportive and warm environment for adults and teens. Through my therapeutic style I strive to help clients develop the tools they need to foster resilience, improve emotional well-being, and ultimately live more authentic and fulfilling lives.

I'm Magda Murillo, a bilingual Licensed Mental Health Counselor My commitment to my profession is evident through almost a decade-long career in counseling, where I have honed my expertise in affirming client centered therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. I have experience working in hospital settings as a liaison counselor assisting patients and their families to navigate end-of-life challenges, serious mental illnesses, adjustment issues and crisis situations. I also have experience working in jail settings with individuals from all walks of lives facing challenges such as adjustment issues, serious mental illness, anxiety, depression, guilt, shame, remorse, addictions, suicide attempts, crisis and many more challenges.

Hello, I’m Dr. Susan Webster, a licensed clinical psychologist for over 20 years. I provide brief solution-focused approaches as part of my counseling. These include psychodynamic therapy, family systems therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). I can help in managing depression, anxiety, diversity, relationship, and career concerns. I treat individuals, families and couples. I do not complete paperwork for leaves of absence, medical determinations, or court cases. Graduate degrees from the University of Virginia and the University of Oxford; Bilingual English and Spanish

Tired of the Anxiety, Depression, and Frustration of Toxic relationships? Past, unhealed Childhood Trauma leads to low confidence, self-esteem, and negative, fear-based thinking. I've specialized in healing both Childhood & Love Trauma for over 25 years, leading to Emotionally Healthy, sustainable relationships. Let's Create the Life You Desire & Have the Love You Deserve! I provide both Global Coaching Programs (self-pay) and Counseling sessions (insurance) for women and men, Straight & LGBT+, ages 15-76, by Telehealth. Counseling for Fla residents only. See the differences between the two models at https://rianamilne.com/counseling/. I look forward to meeting you soon! BIO - Coach Riana Milne was featured for her Coaching Process in FORBES, Influencer Daily, and NY Weekly; and selected as “One of the Top Coaches to Follow in 2022” by Wealth Insider Magazine. She’s a Certified, Global Life, Love Trauma Recovery & Mindset Coach, Advanced Cert. Clinical Trauma & Addictions Professional (CCTP-II), a #1 Bestselling Author, the Host of her Podcast called Lessons in Life & Love™, an Educational Speaker, and a Licensed Mental Health Counselor for over 25 years living in Palm Beach County, Florida. Riana also won the 2022 GIVA International Award for Top International Female Entrepreneur of the Year and #1 Global Wellness Coach; and was selected in 2021 as “One of The 100 Most Successful Women Around the World” by The Global Trade Chamber. Riana’s 5-star rated books; the #1 Bestseller, LOVE Beyond Your Dreams – Break Free of Toxic Relationships to Have the Love You Deserve - and - LIVE Beyond Your Dreams – from Fear and Doubt to Personal Power, Purpose, and Success addresses Life's Difficult Transitions, Personal Transformation, The Mindset for Success, and having Loving, Conscious Relationships with yourself and others. Website: https://RianaMilne.com - FREE eBook on Love, Love Tests & book chapters podcast https://www.LessonsinLifeandLove.com Flow page: https://flow.page/rianamilne

Hi there! Thanks for taking the time to check out my profile. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist, Licensed in Florida, with over 15 years of experience. You don't have to be coupled or dealing with family issues for me to work with you, it simply means I have a unique perspective on how to assist you to meet the challenges of your life and thrive.

I truly enjoy working with adolescents, young adults, and adults throughout the life span. I enjoy working with individuals who wish to bring some balance and peace to their lives and to reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, ADHD, social anxiety, school phobia, and other issues affecting their daily life functioning. My goal is to work towards helping you understand yourself better to experience improvement in your daily life. Let's build a plan together to make this change a reality. I have a great deal of clinical, teaching, and administrative experience. I enjoy working with clients who want to make school, vocational, career, life, or family transitions, coping with the harsh and intense stressors of daily life, and helping to bring a sense of calm, control, confidence, happiness, and most of all balance back to your daily life.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Florida. I received my Masters from the Florida Atlantic University, my Bachelors from University of Florida and I have been practicing for 13 years. I use my skills to meet my clients where they are at and help them to move forward and define a life worth living. We will work together to achieve your goals.

I'm so happy that you reached out for help. I am Taneisha Riley. Since childhood and into my professional career, I have always held one thing above all, helping people navigate through difficult circumstances and situations—finding solutions that help the average person live with greater purpose and fulfillment. This quest to change lives is what pushed me into the field of counseling. It is not enough to merely treat the body, if the mind is still off-balance. My treatment regimen is holistic—attending to your mental, and emotional well-being. I can also be of service if you are seeking marital and/or couples counseling and Christian counseling.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) based in Florida. I received my undergraduate degree from Florida State University, and Masters from the University of Denver. I have been working in the mental health field for almost ten years in different roles. In my current practice, I help young adults struggling with depression and anxiety to develop coping skills and become the best versions of themselves.

Hello, my name is Tara Griffith. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and therapist in the state of Florida. I am a firm believer that you are who you are because of where you have come from. I enjoy working with others who due to adverse childhood experiences and various traumas throughout life, are ready to work through these traumas and experiences. We become the best versions of ourselves by working through our challenges to then better equip ourselves with the tools necessary to face everyday struggles.

Hello, my name is David Ramey, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I specialize in providing mental health support, counseling, and guidance to individuals, families, and communities. With a strong foundation in clinical training and a passion for helping others, I work to empower clients through evidence-based practices, empathy, and personalized care. I strive to create a safe, nonjudgmental space where individuals feel heard, supported, and empowered to explore their thoughts and emotions.

Good Day! I'm a licensed clinical social worker based in Florida. I received my Masters in Social Work from Florida State University. I have previously worked as a case manager in an urban hospital, a social worker for the school system and working with child abuse and neglect. I have extensive experience in relationships, conflict resolution, anxiety, depression, ADHD and communication skills.

Hello, I'm Karlysse Are you struggling to keep up with your relationships, work and health? Do feel that you are caught in a never ending cycle of disappointment and/or stress. Is it hard to be kind to yourself? I help high performers manage anxiety and avoid burnout. Together, we can identify what's not working and develop a plan for how to find balance and get back on track. We'll use a whole self approach, addressing the needs of your mind, body and spirit. I also integrate mindfulness, deep breathing and other expressive techniques to help you develop a stronger relationship with yourself. Whether you're dealing with overwhelm, relationship issues or cycles of anxiety and depression, I'm here to help. Seeking therapy can feel scary but you're making the right choice. You deserve a safe space to heal and grow. In our sessions together, I'll meet you with compassion and evidence-based techniques so you can overcome the habits holding you back. Let's work together!

I’m Alyssa, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Florida, Michigan and Pennsylvania. I graduated from the University of South Florida with a degree in Psychology as well as Southeastern University with a Masters in Social Work. I have worked in a number of settings including hospitals, nursing homes and homeless shelters. I specialize in working with young adults with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, as well as helping them to navigate through life transitions.

I have been the field for 30 years and have worked in many different areas. From, inpatient psychiatric settings, to addiction center rand private practice and family based programs. I am skilled at assisting individuals reach their true potential. Sometimes we feel blocked and need to process our thoughts and dreams in a safe setting. There are many obstacles that can get in the way and together we can discover what they are.

As a Licensed Mental Health Therapist, it is my mission to cultivate a safe, caring, and non-judgmental environment where healing can take place. For over 10 years, I have provided compassionate psychotherapy to adolescents, adults and senior adults enduring a myriad of social and emotional life stressors. I utilize evidence-based treatment and strategies proven to provide effective outcomes, customizing my approach to meet the needs of each unique individual and circumstance.

I received my master’s degree in Mental Health Counseling from Nova Southeastern University. I have an extensive background in working with mental health and addictions. I approach therapy from an individualist, holistic, and integrative lens. I strive to provide a safe and confidential environment to assist in the counseling process. I help clients transform into a more authentic, healthy, and balanced version of themselves.

Hi! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor (LMHC) in Florida since 2003. I help clients who prefer to overcome their upsets and traumas beyond just talking about what they have gone through. By incorporating techniques to calm the body we are able to great reduce or even dissolve the upsets for good! Plus you will obtain tools and techniques for helping yourself between sessions

I am a licensed clinical social worker in FL, Idaho; licensed independent clinical social worker in Massachusetts and Minnesota. I graduated from Barry University in 2014 and have been working within the mental health and hospital field since. I enjoy helping others overcome the challenges life throws at them. With the right mindset, support and environment, I believe anything is possible. I provide psychotherapy services to clients in a collaborative, supportive, and safe environment.

Hi, my name is Elizabeth, and I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor with a Master’s degree in Psychology. My objective is to help you achieve your goals and feel better about your emotional well-being and your life. My initial goal is to help you feel like this is a “safe space” to discuss your personal challenges. I would love to help and guide you through any challenges that you report.

Welcome, and thank you for stopping by! My name is Karie Bliss, and I'm thrilled to connect with you. As a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP), and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional (CCTP), my mission is to empower you to understand, manage, and overcome anxiety and past traumas. I specialize in providing therapy services for individuals navigating through anxiety, depression, and grief; including panic and ptsd.

Hi! I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor from Pensacola, FL. I received my Master of Arts degree in Psychology, Counseling concentration from the University of West Florida. I have certification in trauma informed therapy and specialization in perinatal mental health. I have specialized training and experience working with military service members and families in both civilian community settings and embedded on installations.

Taking the first step to seek counseling can be challenging but also very empowering and rewarding at the same time. What I provide is a safe, nonjudgmental space for clients to feel supported and heard. As a licensed mental health counselor with over 10 years of experience I have worked in various residential treatment centers, crisis and detox facilities, and hospitals in the community. My experience has equipped me with the knowledge to utilize a variety of treatment modalities and interventions to provide clients with the necessary tools they need to realize their full potential.

Hello! My name is Yolonda, but I prefer to go by Rhonda. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of Florida and graduated from Florida State University. I specialize in individual, family, and group therapy for Deaf/Hard of Hearing, people with disabilities, and hearing individuals. I have provided group therapy, family therapy, and individual therapy in residential treatment programs, psychiatric hospitals, forensics, community mental-health agencies, school settings and private practice settings.

I earned my master’s degree in mental health counseling from Capella University while serving in the U.S. Army. I am a veteran and served as a mental health specialist for 7 years. Upon completion of my commitment I relocated back to Florida where I have worked with community based services, corrections, and crisis response services. I have over 20 year of experience and have work with a wide variety of individuals helping them to adjust to and maneuver through life’s up downs and everything in between.

Hello! I'm a licensed mental health counselor, and I’m passionate about supporting individuals and families through life’s ups and downs. Whether you’re dealing with anxiety, relationship issues, or just trying to find balance as a busy parent or professional, I’m here to help. Life can feel like a lot sometimes, and I aim to offer a space where you can feel heard, understood, and empowered to make the changes that feel right for you.

I am a Bilingual (English-Spanish) licensed therapist with a passion to provide person-centered, strengths based, trauma informed and culturally sensitive treatment. I am a strong believer in the idea that we have the solutions to our problems within and I encourage clients to do introspection to find their answers. I strive to create a safe, warm, compassionate environment for clients to heal, explore and learn. I enjoy working with individuals of all ages and genders. However, as a working Latina, mother of 3, I have a passion for working with women and minorities. I graduated from the University of New England with a master's in Clinical Social Work and I have over 5 years of experience working with individuals with severe and persistent mental illness, substance abuse and co-occurring disorders. I have been trained in person-centered treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Trauma Informed Treatment, Motivational Interviewing and Solution Focused Treatment. I have experience working with depression, anxiety, self-esteem issues, suicide ideations, trauma, and relationship issues, among others. I also have extensive training and work experience in crisis intervention and suicide prevention.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Central Florida and working with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, and life transitions, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution Focused Therapy to help my clients meet their treatment goals and find relief. I’ve found that my style and approach resonate well with young to middle-aged adults who are going through life’s transitions and coping with social pressures. These challenges often show up as anxiety, depression, stress, or feeling stuck. I aim to help my clients navigate these changes, build coping skills, and ultimately feel better about themselves while developing a more positive outlook on life.

Do you struggle with anxiety? Do you often feel irritated and overwhelmed by daily life? Do you feel weighed down but don't know why? Are you longing to feel whole and happy again? I help clients manage stressful and traumatic events by empowering them with the tools they need to overcome. I use evidenced based techniques to explore issues and create a plan to move from a place of just surviving to really living and thriving.

Trained as a psychologist (Ph.D. from Cornell University). Some 20 years later I earned a specialized graduate degree in Psychotherapy from Nova SE University, the only nationally accredited program in all of Florida. I am a fully licensed therapist in the State of Florida. I have taught psychology at Princeton, Tulane, Cornell, and Harvard Medical School. We will spend most of our time creating solutions, instead of analyzing problems. So often, therapy gets bogged down in the endless exploration of problems. Problems are the results of behaviors that didn't work for you in the past. Solutions flow from changes that will work for you starting right now. Solutions make your life better. They bring joy and peace to your life.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Mental Health Counselor based in Florida. I received my Masters from the Nova Southeastern University and have been practicing for 12 years. I help adults struggling with adjusting to the aging process, dementia, Alzheimer's and End of Life issues. I help them using Positive Psychology, Active Listening, Talk Therapy and Mindfulness. I help my clients deal with Depression, Anxiety and Self-Esteem.

Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Florida. I attended undergraduate school at Florida State University and ultimately obtained my Masters from Florida International University. In my 25 years+ of experience, I have practiced in a variety of settings, including community mental health centers who served adults diagnosed with severe and persistent mental illness, mood disorders and identity questions, as well as with teens and children struggling with peer relationships, academic pressures, depression, self esteem and family issues. I have extensive knowledge and experience with justice involved persons, including those with challenges of addiction, anger control and mental health diagnosis.

I have been in practice for close to 10 years in various different settings and with different populations. I will meet you where you are and help you move to where you want to be. You are the expert of you and I am here to guide. There is no ideal client-I encourage honesty and continuous learning. I am currently working towards my doctorate.

Hi and welcome! I am trained as a psychotherapist and received my Masters degree in Marriage and Family Therapy from St. Thomas University in Miami, Florida. I have over fifteen years of clinical experience and I specialize in trauma, family systems, addiction and LGBTQ+ issues. I am an EMDR practitioner and a Florida Board Approved Supervisor for mental health counselors and marriage and family therapists seeking licensure.

Nicole's ideal clients are looking for a hands on therapist and practical tools for success. She is a Licensed Psychotherapist and Qualified Clinical Supervisor in Florida, and is a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCTP). Her experience in community mental health and in schools has provided her opportunity to treat individuals and families with ages ranging from toddlers to great grandparents. She has supported clients with needs related to trauma, development, adjustment, life-cycle, anxiety, and depression. Nicole brings a strengths based focus on her client’s goals and objectives . She is committed to collaboration with her clients regarding treatment, honoring their right to self-determination and desired outcomes.

I am a Licensed Mental Health Counselor and Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. I am the founder and CEO of SHATTERED NOT BROKEN THERAPY (SNB). I have an extensive background working with children, adolescents, and adults in several environments including: inpatient residential, outpatient clinics, and community-base/ wrap around services. I have experience treating several mental help conditions including but not limited to Substance Use Disorder, Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, Mood disorders, and Stress.

Do you feel overwhelmed? Are you self-medicating to cope? Perhaps you don't know where to start and are unable to find relief from your elevated emotions. We can work together to explore past concerns, current stressors, and find creative avenues to empower you in reaching your goals. This is just one chapter in your life, you determine how your story ends. I specialize in providing therapy for teens and adults. Let's create strategies to reduce your anxiety, eliminate your trauma symptoms, adapt to life changes, and elevate your mind. I am passionate about helping you take charge of your thoughts, feelings, & behaviors to live a fulfilling life. I provide a warm, open, and nonjudgemental space for clients to gain strength, hope, and strategies to become the best version of themselves. Are you ready to become the best version of yourself?

You’ve achieved a lot—but lately, it feels like something is holding you back. Maybe you’re overwhelmed by emotions you can’t explain, or quietly carrying a weight from your past that no longer fits the life you’re building. High-functioning doesn’t always mean fulfilled—and you’re ready to change that. I help ambitious, self-aware individuals break free from emotional blocks, old narratives, and burnout cycles. Whether you feel stuck in overthinking, disconnected from your joy, or like you’re constantly pushing but never arriving, our work together will get to the root of it. We’ll release what no longer serves you, recalibrate your inner compass, and build the mindset and habits that align with the life you actually want to live. Think: deeper self-trust, emotional clarity, and the confidence to show up fully—no more shrinking, no more autopilot. You’re not here to settle. You’re here to evolve. Let’s unlock the version of you that’s been waiting on the other side of this growth.

Are you experiencing challenges that are interfering with your emotional health and wellbeing? Do you feel your past experiences are affecting your ability to reach your full potential? Do you need a safe space to process your thoughts and feelings and engage in self exploration? I am a licensed psychotherapist who believes the most important catalyst for change is the relationship between therapist and client. My goal is to partner with you to reach your desired goals in a therapeutic environment. We will take the necessary steps together to foster positive change while creating individual strategies for self-empowerment. I have been trained in EMDR therapy which is a theory based on the belief that our brains have a natural system for processing information and experiences so that we can keep what we need for wisdom, learning, and growth. Sometimes disturbing experiences overwhelm the processing system, or we don't have the information we need for our brains to make sense of what happened in a healthy way. EMDR uses eye movements and other right-left stimulation to activate your brain's processing system so you can successfully process the experience and let go of what's not useful to you. I believe our past effects our present and future- both in adaptative and maladaptive ways. I would be honored to be a part of your journey to inner peace, self-love, and fulfillment.

Hello, my name is Sunshine Wilder and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Florida. In 2004, I graduated with a Master’s degree in Social Work and have been working for the past 19 years with children, teens, and adults in various settings such as child welfare, specialized therapeutic foster care, and outpatient therapy. I have experience working with individuals with a wide range of needs such as stress and anxiety, trauma and abuse, anger management, depression, ADHD, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attachment issues, and Bipolar Disorder.

Hi, I am a Licensed Mental Health Counsellor (LMHC) based in South Florida. I received my Masters from Nova Southeastern University in Florida and have been practicing for over 20 years. I help people of all ages struggling with symptoms of depression, anxiety and mood disorders by assiting them with developing coping skills that they can use to reduce and/or manage their symptoms better.

Hi there; I look forward to meeting you! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the State of Florida. I have been practicing as a therapist for 13 years and would be honored to work with you to identify where you are stuck and find a path to help you feel better soon. My style is warm, genuine, non-assuming, and collaborative. I truly listen without judgement and provide concrete tools designed to help you thrive, not just survive.

Hi. Welcome to my page. I am Oswaldo Castro but prefer to be called Oz. I am licensed mental health therapist with a plethora of experience. I first start my journey working in neurofeedback which has allowed me to work with a diverse population from children to seniors with issues with ADHD, autism, sleep disorder, anxiety disorders, depressed mood and a plethora of other neurodivergent individuals for about 7 years. My journey continues to working at a drug rehab facility where I worked with individuals with substance use disorder for about 5 years. My life then continues to work at a survivor's center where I worked with victims of domestic violence, violent crimes and grief for about 2 years. I also gained experience with the LGBTQIA+ population where I worked closely and ran groups with individuals of the trans experience. Moving forward, I have worked with suicidal children and adolescents that have been under a Baker Act which has given me experience in with family systems for about 4 years. If you like what you can read so far, reach out to me and schedule a session. Hope to hear from you so we can start working on those goals that you may have for yourself.

Lisa Amodeo 30 years of experience and is dual Licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida and Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Illinois. She holds her Master’s Certified Addictions Professional (MCAP) through Florida Certification Board and is Certified Reciprocal Alcohol & Drug Counselor (CRADC) from Illinois Certification Board, Inc. She is trained in EMDR through Emdria. Lisa received her Master’s degree in Educational Psychology in Mental Health Counseling from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale in 1992. She grew up and was raised in South Florida. She has worked in a variety of therapeutic settings, such as detox, residential, PHP, IOP, and aftercare levels of care in substance abuse treatment; as well as community mental health, NorthWestern Medicine medical Floors, Veteran Health Administration with children, young adults, adults, and families.

Brenda Hodges, M.A., M.S., is a licensed mental health professional with over 13 years of dedicated experience in therapeutic counseling. Holding dual master's degrees in Psychology and Rehabilitation Counseling, she brings a comprehensive approach to mental wellness, serving clients across Kentucky and Florida. Known for her warm, approachable demeanor, Brenda specializes in treating individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and survivors of violence and abuse. Her therapeutic style creates a safe, non-judgmental environment where clients can explore their challenges and work toward healing. Throughout her career, Brenda has helped individuals reclaim their lives and develop resilience in the face of trauma. Her dual licensure in Kentucky and Florida reflects her commitment to expanding access to quality mental health care across multiple communities. Brenda views her role as more than just a profession—it's a calling. She considers it both an honor and a privilege to guide clients through their healing journeys, drawing on her extensive education and experience to provide personalized, evidence-based support for each individual she serves.

Welcome! I am a licensed Mental Health Counselor in Florida and have been working in the mental health field throughout the majority of my adult life. If you're here, then you've taken the first step of considering counseling. You deserve to have the bravery of that first step recognized - because it is indeed BRAVE. Starting counseling can feel scary and overcoming that can be a challenge. So congratulations! Now let's get started.

Dedicated and compassionate counselor ready to help get you back on track and in control of your life. Expertise in working with individuals suffering from post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), domestic and sexual abuse, stress related disorders, anxiety disorders, major depression, grief counseling, and with those in acute crisis who may attempt suicide. Specialized knowledge and understanding of crisis thinking. Strong communicator with keen perceptivity that allows me to develop possible solutions and suggestions to help clients gain practical insight into their situations. A passion for helping others return to their personal centers, to regain emotional balance, and to reach a state of calmness where communication can take place and healing may begin.