Book 100+ of the best EAP:Cigna therapists in Michigan

My name is Elizabeth. I am an Army Veteran, and a medical social worker. I am a mother, and an ally. I love helping people accept and grow from life's many challenges, and highlight the inner strengths we all bring into the world. I strive to help everyone I work with see their worth and how they are deserving of love, joy and fulfillment in life.

Hello my name is a Camille, I’m have been a licensed Social worker in the state of Michigan for the past 18 years as well as a certified addictions counselor. I specialize in anxiety, depression, and addiction issues. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment.

ABOUT ME: I am a clinical social worker licensed in Georgia and Michigan. I am also an ACSW from the National Association of Social Workers. I draw from 40+ years of personal experiences, career experiences, and education to assist others with their life journey. I have parented biological, step, and foster children. I have extensive experiences with hospice and bereavement in my career and personal experiences. ABOUT MY EDUCATION: BA in Liberal Arts from Michigan State University. MSW from the University of Michigan. Certification in Hospice, Palliative Care, and Bereavement from Madonna University. Certification in Aging from Wayne State University. PsyD in Clinical Pastoral Counseling from the Graduate Theological Foundation. ABOUT YOU: Loss occurs in many ways in our lives. I offer comprehensive counseling services, specializing in grief and loss for adults and the elderly. I can assist with difficult life transitions, changes in relationships, advocacy, chronic illness, terminal illness, and end of life. I provide a holistic approach to this life journey--medically, physically, emotionally, spiritually--to develop a path to whole being and wellness. TYPES OF LOSS: Loss of Spouse or Partner Loss of Marriage Miscarriage and Still Birth Loss of Child Estrangement Abortion Loss of Parent Loss of Animal Companion Chronic Illness Loss of Family Member/Friend Terminal Illness

Hello, My Name is Octavia Trone, LMSW. I graduated with my master's in social work degree from Wayne state university in 1997. I am a compassionate, empathetic social worker and mental health therapist. My target population are adults of all ages (young, middle aged and elderly), and adults who experience depression, and bipolar diagnosis. I was in the United States Air Force as a Mental Health therapist who counseled active-duty soldiers and their families who were diagnosed with depression, and PTSD. I helped active-duty soldiers, and their families manage life challenges and daily stressors of military life.

I am a dedicated and compassionate licensed clinical social worker with over 20 years experience. I have an undertanding of psychological disorders and the impact they can have on the individual's, families and communities. My unique perspective comes from experiences on a personal level with addiction and recovery. Drawing from evidenced based therapeutic approaches, I tailor my interventions to suit the individual needs of my clients.

Hi, I’m a clinical social worker with a strong foundation in evidence-based treatment for anxiety disorders, including OCD, panic, and generalized anxiety. I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), which are gold-standard approaches for helping people break free from patterns of fear, avoidance, and compulsive behaviors. My approach is collaborative, supportive, and focused on helping you face what feels overwhelming—at a pace that feels manageable—so you can build confidence, reduce anxiety, and reclaim your life.

Mental health is a fundamental aspect of overall well-being and should be accessible to everyone. We provide an inclusive environment that respects and celebrates the diversity of our clients and our community. Our practice recognizes that everyone brings unique experiences, perspectives, and cultural identities to the therapeutic process. We provide culturally sensitive care that honors these differences and addresses each client's needs. Our mental health professionals prioritize ongoing learning in cultural competence and anti-bias practices to ensure our services are effective for everyone. We welcome clients of all cultures, races, ethnicities, genders, identities, abilities, and life experiences. We understand the importance of tailoring our approach to honor each person’s journey. We aim to create a safe and supportive space where everyone can feel seen, heard, and validated.

Are you tired of feeling overwhelmed with life challenges and/or mental health struggles? Do you desire to heal from your traumatic past that has been keeping you stuck in your mind and life? The pain you feel from life's past and/or present circumstances is the door for your healing! I am here to support you on your healing journey. You will find a safe place to explore your inner world with me. This is a place where you can express yourself freely and explore your thoughts, feelings, and the choices you make for your life. Know that you are not judged and are free to take the necessary steps to become whole in mind, body, and spirit. I have a holistic, client-centered approach to counseling. Whether you are feeling overwhelmed, experiencing symptoms from traumatic events, have relationship issues, cycle in and out of anxiety or depression I am here to help. I encourage you to contact me and begin taking the necessary steps to overcome your life struggles and/or mental health needs. I will work with you where you are and help you reach the goals you set for yourself.

Hello and welcome! I have quite a bit of experience working in the mental health field and am committed to supporting my clients as they work to make change. In my over 20 years of experience, I've worked with clients from young children to older adults. I enjoy supporting clients through periods of transition such as young adulthood, middle-age, and retirement. I also assist clients who are dealing with serious health issues as they navigate their way through what can be a scary and life-altering event. My areas of specialty include CBT for anxiety and mood disorders, solution-focused therapy, and the use of somatic therapies that support an holistic approach to wellness. I love and believe in the healing power of nature.

Hello all, Thanks for visiting my profile page. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Michigan with 27 years of experience working with diverse populations in various settings community and educational settings. My approach is person-centered, aimed at meeting the unique needs of each individual. I believe that by utilizing a collaborative approach, together, we can forge to greater paths.

Welcome, I am a LMSW (Clinically Licensed Master of Social Worker). I have over 15 years' experience supporting individuals with various life transitions/issues. I graduated from Western Michigan University and have extensive experience working with individuals who have experienced trauma including children, families and adults. I provide a safe and welcoming environment for patients to share their feelings and experiences. My experiences in training, work and life help me to relate in supporting individuals on their journey to wellness.

Hello! I am a licensed clinical social worker based in Michigan. I received my undergraduate degree from Central Michigan University and my graduate degree in clinical social work from Michigan State University. I also have a graduate degree in Sociology from Arizona State University. I have worked in the mental health field for just over ten years since graduating from Michigan State University.

I am a Queer Black Woman who is also a Fundamentalist-in-recovery; I work with people who feel marginalized, overwhelmed, or stuck. My clients are folks who want to be more functional in relationships, to accept themselves more fully, and to learn to reach for more LIFE from their LIVES. I am an no-nonsense therapist, who speaks from the head AND the heart. My clients know that we start from the understanding that "Stuff is Fudged up," and we can still get joy out of our lives. I hold an LMSW-C license and have been working with clients for 3 years. Before that I was a college English professor for 23 years. My clients tell me I can do magic with words, and help them to do that same kind of magic.

Hello, I am fully licensed clinical social worker. I have the pleasure working with families, children and adults pertaining to grief and loss, depression, anxiety and transition in life. I have experience providing therapeutic services in the hospital, psychiatric crisis services and outpatient settings. I enjoy helping others identify their feelings and being confident in expressing how they feel to others.

Hello, I am a Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) based in the State of Michigan. I received my Masters from the University of Southern California. I have been practicing for 8 years. I work with populations between the ages of 18 and up to improve their lives by tapping into their personal strengths to promote healing and peace within. My goal during therapy is to assist you with increasing internal healing and learning ways to cope with life challenges. I look forward to working with you on whatever issue you would like to address concerning your mental health needs.

I have been practicing Pastoral Care & Counseling for over 20 years. I am a board-certified chaplain and spiritually integrated psychotherapist through the Association Clinical Pastoral Education and a Licensed Clinical Mental Health Counselor. I have experience in providing counseling and assessment services to children, adolescents, adults, families in church, social service agencies, seniors/nursing homes and hospital/ hospice healthcare settings.

Do you feel discouraged, lose your temper easily, feel down and emotional, and are unable to concentrate? Have you lost joy in the things you normally love to do? Do you feel like you are losing your ability to deal with things? The power of developing a long-term supportive relationship within counseling sessions can help you control your temper, improve your relationships, and feel better about your life and where it is going. Through meditation, writing, identifying what makes you angry, and other activities change will happen. You are in control of your change. I have a Master's degree in Counseling and have been a Licensed Professional Counselor for 10 years. I have also worked as a Substance Abuse Counselor for 6 years. I understand how anxiety, depression, trauma, and grief can impact someone's life.

I am a licensed clinical social worker with over twenty five years of experience working in healthcare. I graduated from the University of Michigan School of Social Work in 1999. I have worked extensively in healthcare with experience in both acute care and ambulatory settings. My professional interests focus on issues related to coping with chronic illness, caregiver stress, end-of-life care and support, grief and loss across the life span, bereavement support to families, and assisting health care workers recognize the unique aspects of professional grief to avoid burnout. I feel privileged to companion my clients through life challenges ​and humbled by their strengths. I provide a safe space for all to reflect on life's struggles and encourage the development of new perspectives. Life throws us curveballs, some more difficult to handle than others. Talking through those challenges with a neutral, supportive, and knowledgeable therapist can be helpful. I look forward working with you in the near future.

My name is Bri. I inspire to help clients find their inner light. I strive to help others find their strengths, gifts and purpose in life. I am a Counselor, Motivator and Positive Influencer, dedicated to help clients blossom into their destined purpose and potential in life. I leave a little sparkle everywhere I go and in every person's life that I impact. I also provide guidance to educate clients on the Laws of Attraction, and Manifestation.

Hi, I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) based in the state of Michigan. I got a master's degree from Spring Arbor University in Michigan. I have been practicing for 20 years with primarily non-profit organizations. I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults and I am currently working with adolescents who are in the juvenile justice system and providing family therapy to help the family shift their negative relational focus to a healthier view of each other.

Hi Everyone! I am licensed in Michigan with 16 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, coping with addictions, grief and loss, depression and ADHD. I believe that you are the expert of your story and that you have many strengths that will assist you in overcoming things that challenge you. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!

Hello! I'm a Clinically Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) located in Michigan. With over 5 years of experience, I have dedicated my practice to supporting individuals facing anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, and family/relationship challenges. After completing my Masters at Wayne State University, I embarked on a journey to empower clients to overcome obstacles and lead fulfilling lives. My passion lies in helping individuals navigate through difficult emotions and transitions, fostering resilience, and promoting personal growth. I specialize in working with young adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, and relationship challenges. By providing a safe and non-judgmental space, I guide my clients in exploring their concerns, identifying strengths, and developing effective coping strategies. My goal is to empower individuals to embrace their unique strengths, cultivate self-compassion, and build healthier relationships with themselves and others. Together, we work towards creating meaningful changes that lead to greater well-being and fulfillment. If you're ready to embark on a journey towards self-discovery and personal growth, I'm here to support you every step of the way. Let's work together to unlock your full potential and create a life that aligns with your values and aspirations.

I always strive for each session to end with my clients feeling like they've gained new insight or experienced a positive change. It's my mission to make a meaningful impact during each session. Throughout our time together, I aim for you to feel genuinely understood and listened to. We'll work together on finding solutions, exploring different options, and gaining fresh perspectives on your challenges. Clients often come to me when they feel stuck, and by the end of each session, I hope you'll feel hopeful and see new healing possibilities.

Hello, my name is Eric Dungan and I'm a Board Certified Diplomate in Clinical Social Worker. I attended University of Louisville. I specialize in PTSD, Grief, loss, Depression, Anxiety, Marriage and Family and Anger Management. I have years of experience in the field of mental health care. I strive to help people attain their maximize potential in all aspects of their lives, using several different treatments modalities. All sessions are focused, to provide a nonjudgmental and objective environment to help the patient view their struggles with a new objective fair perspective towards themselves and other significant people and events in their lives.

I am a compassionate and experienced therapist specializing in helping individuals, couples, and families navigate life’s challenges. With a focus on building strong relationships and fostering personal growth, I empower clients to address issues such as anxiety, depression, and trauma. I am a culturally competent therapist. My approach is collaborative and tailored, providing a safe space for meaningful change and lasting solutions.

"If you want a happy ending, that depends, of course, on where you stop your story" - Orson Welles. To me, this quote is a reminder that we all have our ups and downs in life, every single one of us. Even the people deemed "most successful" still have times that if life would have stopped in those moments, they would have been left feeling as though life were unhappy. No matter your past, no matter what you are experiencing right now, we all can still have a very different ending than what we are on the path to having. I'm here to help you find that new path and to help you feel safe taking the first steps down it. Taking the first steps down the road of change is often difficult for people. I encourage you to set up an initial appointment and we will walk down that road together. I am an LMSW who has been practicing for 8+ years. I specialize in helping individuals heal from their past, gain insight and manage the present, and thrive in the future. I am passionate about working with women who are in the transitional phase of life. Whether it's a break-up, divorce, infidelity, sexual assault, insecurities, low self-esteem, healing from past trauma, infertility or loss of child, anxiety, depression, ADD/ADHD, or learning to love yourself I will be walking alongside you to help you through the process to get to a better place. Learn to let go of sadness and anger towards others, and self, to find your inner peace. I hope to see you in my virtual office soon.

Pamela Byrd LMSW LCSW My approach to Behavioral Intervention Practices consists of acknowledgment and enhancing of human well-being and promoting and implementing strategies to assists individuals with providing the focus of empowerment support and guidance towards primary and associated factors of complexity or concern through creating Strength Based Modalities to assist with behavioral needs, mood adjustments anxiety, and depression amongst other categories and life stressors and various factors to consider upon behavioral needs

Hello! I am Alana and I am a licensed master social worker. I have been working for the past 6+ years in multiple different settings. Currently I work in a school as a school social worker with children ages 3-12. I have also worked in a community mental health that I served multiple populations. I look forward to working with more people and assisting them with their goals.

I’m Becks, a Licensed Professional Counselor & NASM Certified Personal Trainer who specializes in behavior change & nutrition coaching. You might also call me a guiding light toward overall wellness or a catalyst for growth & healing. My great passion as a Health & Wellness Professional is to help you build a healthier relationship with food & your body, cultivate emotional agility to freely express yourself, & be able to communicate your needs/wants to others more effectively. While I’d love to help you improve your mental health through movement & balanced nutrition, I also understand that everyone’s starting point in therapy can look very different. It would be my pleasure in meeting you where you are in your journey to help build your toolbox of skills so that you can lead the life you deserve to live.

*Pragmatic and Practical (me) *Strong Listener (me) *Flexible, yet structured (me) *Focus on goals, objectives, and techniques to achieve the desired life outcomes or cope with undesired shortcomings (us) *Of Accountability and Responsibility (you) *Your answers lies within (you) Summary: If you're seeking a realistic approach in modifying your current circumstances maybe I can lend some assistance. Life outcomes will have a better chance to come to fruition when one's will and subsequent expectant behavior aligns themselves accordingly. And the connection is ownership of the aforementioned. Quote: "If one is not hungry, one will not eat"

Welcome! I am Kimberly. Are you struggling with a temporary setback or an ongoing problem? Are you wondering if there is hope for your circumstances or relationship? I can assist you. There is always HOPE. I believe that, as human beings, we all face life challenges, be they relational, personal, emotional, spiritual, or physical, and our mental health affects how we respond to these challenges. Together, we will discover new meaning in your experiences, while identifying opportunities for healing and growth. Establishing relationship is critical to successful therapeutic outcomes and as a result, my style of work is interactive, collaborative, direct, and reflective of my focus on the transforming power of relationships. Seeking therapy can feel scary, but you are making a brave choice and you deserve a safe space to heal and grow. In our sessions together, you will be an active participant and I will meet you with compassion and evidence-based techniques, so you can overcome whatever is holding you back and find hope for a new beginning. If you need a seasoned, genuine, non-judgmental, and respectful counselor, who seeks to empower you to overcome your challenges and transform your life, please contact me.

Do you ever want to feel validated, heard, understood, and not judged by others? Are you still recovering from pain due to grief or trauma? Some days it feels like you are alone and misunderstood, but it does not have to be that way. Based on my experience as a clinical therapist, I specialize in working with Teens and adults focusing on but not limited to anger management, anxiety, depression, grief and loss with a vision to empower clients to feel confident, assurance within themselves, closure and normalize feelings with reasonable solutions and coping skills to manage everyday life.

I have dedicated myself to developing the expertise needed to compassionately facilitate change as we work together towards meaningful and lasting solutions. I integrate traditional, alternative, and innovative evidence-based approaches to improve your well-being and overall life satisfaction. Holding dual Master's degrees in Clinical Mental Health and Pastoral Counseling, I am a Nationally Certified Counselor and Therapeutic Coach, with 15 additional certifications in my field. Drawing from years of experience, I have provided counseling in various capacities, employing best practices to address specific needs. I consistently pursue further education to stay abreast of the most effective approaches for addressing the challenges individuals encounter in today's society. My passion lies in aiding women in discovering hope and healing.

I believe in therapy as someone who has done my own clinical work since I was in my mid-twenties. I grew up in NJ and moved to Michigan to attend college and have been here since that time. I spent the first part of my career working in the foster care system with children and adolescents which I really enjoyed. That gave me a great foundation for working with the adult issues of attachment, child developmental stages that were not accomplished and struggles with current relationships. I do a lot of work with people who were raised by narcissistic parents, people who are dealing with cancer diagnosis and those with chronic or life threatening illnesses. I work with people who are addressing childhood trauma, sexual abuse or emotional abuse. I have worked with adoptees who are seeking understanding of themselves and their past. I do a lot of work with individuals transitioning from a divorce situation and all the adjustments that this involves especially in coparenting situations. I find people and their life experiences fascinating and always worth unpacking and investigating to gain a better understanding of the self as a whole being; there is always something new to learn.

My goal is to create a safe space for you to tackle the things that are weighing on you, and help you find the solutions to your concerns. We will work together to define therapeutic goals are defined, I will help you identify and build upon your inner strengths so that you can become the happiest, healthiest version of you!

I am a mental health counselor with over 11 years experience in helping clients work toward their vision of a happy and meaningful life. I have spent most of my career working in community mental health, where I currently work full-time as a behavioral health director. I am continuing to provide counseling services with Grow as working with people in counseling is my passion and I look forward to finding out what goals you hope to accomplish!

I am a licensed Masters Level Social Worker, trained in CBT and DBT skills as well as supportive and grief therapy. I have over 44 yrs experience. I have experience in working with depression, women’s issues, grief, veterans issues, and domestic violence. I encourage clients to take an active role in their treatment progress. I help clients develop skills to improve coping and mood

I enjoy my career as a Licensed Therapist! It is such a privilege to serve my clients and assist them on their journey of healing. My background is in Corporate America and I changed careers in my middle age years so now I am doing exactly what I love! I am licensed in Michigan with 12 years of professional work experience. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion in order to allow my clients to thrive. I will help you identify the things you want to be different in your life and develop skills and a plan for reaching your desired goals.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Michigan. I received my Masters from the Oakland University and have been practicing for 10 years. I help adolescent and adults struggling with adhd,stress, anxiety, depression, grief and loss and burnout to help them to process and overcome the challenges. I used different modalities and intergrative interventions to help you to feel aligned with yourself. I'm here to listen and assist you on your journey towards healing and well being.

Hello, my name is Mandi Lynn, and I am a Clinical Therapist located in Southwest Michigan. I received my Bachelors and Masters Degrees in Social Work from Western Michigan University, and I have been practicing as a Clinical Therapist for 13 years. I specialize in working with children, families, and adults in all walks of life. It is my desire to help children, families, and adults identify and celebrate their strengths, while building and reinforcing healthy familial and interpersonal relationships. My goal as your Clinician is to help you overcome past trauma and/or current life stressors, build your strengths and coping skills, and advocate for you in any way I can. I am honored by the clients who have entrusted me to walk with them through their mental health journey, and look forward to working with you in the future.

Sometimes life hands you situations and emotions that are difficult to navigate. If you have feelings of being stuck, depressed, and/or can't seem to stop the anxious thoughts from running, I am here to help. It may feel scary to reach out to a stranger, but I ensure a comfortable, relaxing, therapeutic environment that inspires hope and change. If you feel motivated and committed to making meaningful and positive changes, together we can identify the roadblocks, figure out solutions that promote your well-being. I am here to help support you.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in both Indiana and Michigan. I received my Master's in Social Work from the State University of New York at Buffalo. I have been practicing counseling for over 15 years, with over 20 years of experience in the field. I help adults work through difficult situations, mental health conditions, and life stressors to live more fulfilling and satisfying lives.

My aim is to foster a supportive and safe space for you to explore your feelings, thoughts and challenges. My work will help you recognize the power within you & source( whatever you believe in is totally okay in my world, I respect all) and trusting that it all works out the way it should! I have also faced my own life challenges, moved across the country to my dream states and more, which I believe has taught me to have more compassion and an open mind. Hence, why I always state I am a human first. One of my biggest strengths that helps foster a safe space for my clients, is my unconditional acceptance & operating from an unapologetic authentic framework, whilst helping them get to the level they desire. * I do offer a scaling rate for fees, please reach out for more information on that*

Hello! My name is Chandra and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker located in North Carolina. I earned my Master of Social Work degree from Indiana University School of Social Work (IUPUI). I help people cope with life transitions and the stress that comes along with it. I have 19 years of experience working with youth and families in various settings.

Hi, I'm Jenae! Ever feel like you're carrying the world on your shoulders, thinking you have to handle everything alone, only to feel suffocated by it all? It's a common struggle, believe me. But here's the scoop: counseling isn't about getting a to-do list or being labeled "weak" for reaching out. It's about finding a cozy spot to unpack what's on your mind and in your heart. It's a sanctuary where you can just be you, no judgments or expectations. So, if you're feeling overwhelmed, know this: seeking help is a brave move towards healing. You're not alone in this journey. I'm here to guide you towards understanding your thoughts, emotions, and actions better. With an authentic, easygoing, and even enjoyable approach, I create a safe, judgment-free zone where you can freely talk about your concerns. Together, we'll develop a roadmap towards a more fulfilling life that aligns with your values and desires. If you're feeling the weight of stress in any area of life – personal, relational, familial, professional – I assist you in understanding the impact emotionally, physically, & mentally. You'll discover how to leverage your brain's capabilities to navigate life more effectively. Let's turn current problems into growth opportunities!

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in AZ. I also hold licenses in MI, PA and TX. I graduated from Messiah University with a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and have been working in the field for 8 years. I really enjoy working with couples and families, but am always humbled and honored to walk through a challenging time with any client(s).

Hello. Thank you for choosing me to assist you within your therapeutic journey of healing and restoration. I am a mental health licensed professional counselor of 5 years that embraces wholistic and eclectic modalities. I work with child clients and well as adults on a daily basis regarding a plethora of life's challenges. How may i be of great assistance to you?

Hello, my name is Stefanie and I am a LCSW therapist dedicated to providing high-quality therapy services that prioritize your well-being and growth. My mission is to help you live your best life by embodying the values of service, competency, and kindness in my work. I understand that every individual has unique needs and goals, and I am committed to working collaboratively with you to achieve your desired outcomes. With a focus on integrity and respect, I strive to create a safe and supportive environment where you can feel heard, validated, and empowered. To help you on your journey, I utilize a variety of therapeutic approaches, including CBT and DBT as a groundwork for the therapeutic process. I also incorporate Motivational Interviewing, Solution Focused Therapy, and various non-traditional therapies, such as play therapy, to cater to your unique needs. I believe that everyone should have access to the knowledge and tools of various therapeutic modalities to get the help and support they need towards their healing. My core values of kindness, respect, and competency are the strengths that guide me in helping you achieve your goals. I recognize that the path towards stability and success is not necessarily linear, and setbacks, challenges, and barriers can arise. I am here to meet you where you're at and guide you towards your desired goal. With a focus on your story of resilience, we will work through any obstacles to help you get unstuck. Thank you for considering me as your therapist. I look forward to working with you on your journey towards healing and growth.

Hello. My name is Crystal, and I am a licensed master's level social worker in the state of Michigan. I went to Eastern Michigan University for both of my degrees. I have been working in the field for over 25 years, in a number of different areas. I enjoy helping others realize their potential, set their goals and work towards achieving them. I love helping people develop new coping skills for dealing with life's challenges.

Hello, I'm Ayonna, a licensed professional counselor with over 10 years of experience working as a licensed mental health counselor. Throughout my career, I have had the privilege of working with clients facing a wide range of concerns and struggles, including depression, anxiety, relationship issues, parenting problems, divorce issues, and individuals who have experienced physical and/or sexual trauma or emotional abuse.