Therapists in Michigan

As a therapist, I am dedicated to supporting individuals in their journey toward healing and self-discovery. I strive to build a collaborative and trusting therapeutic relationship where clients feel heard, understood, and empowered to explore their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. With a client-centered approach, I draw from evidence-based practices like CBT, motivational interviewing, and attachment theory to tailor treatment to each individual's unique needs. My ultimate goal is to help clients build resilience, develop healthy coping strategies, and foster meaningful change in their lives.

Hello and thank you for stopping by. I am glad that you are taking a step to feeling better. My name is Selina and I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor, dedicated to helping individuals find balance and growth in life. I am here to provide guidance and support towards healing. I know that reaching out for support can feel overwhelming, and I want you to know — you’re not alone. In my practice, I provide a compassionate, non-judgmental, caring space where you can feel safe to explore your feelings, understand your challenges, and develop the tools you need to thrive. I have experience in helping clients with stress, anxiety, coping with grief, coping with loss, anger management, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. I also have experience working with depression, along with many other issues that life brings. My approach is individualized and tailored to your unique needs — blending evidence-based practices with genuine human connection and empathy. I believe therapy is a partnership, and we will work together to achieve the desired goals. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. Taking the first step towards seeking a more fulfilling and happier life takes courage. I am here to support you in that process. Feel free to schedule an appointment. I look forward to hearing from you!

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in AZ. I also hold licenses in MI, PA and TX. I graduated from Messiah University with a Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and have been working in the field for 8 years. I really enjoy working with couples and families, but am always humbled and honored to walk through a challenging time with any client(s).

Yay you for taking the first step towards bettering your mental health because, let's be honest - starting therapy can be empowering, confusing, or scary, all at the same time. My therapy style is relaxed, collaborative, and holistic. I am passionate about helping others. My focus is you and helping you create the life you want by becoming the best version of yourself. Now that you are ready to do the work and learn some new skills-I look forward to meeting you and walking beside you in this journey.

Hi! I'm a independently licensed therapist who can help patients in Michigan, Oregon, and Washington. I obtained my Masters from Indiana University and PhD from the Western Michigan University. I have been practicing for 20 years. I help adults achieve their desired mental health outcomes coping with stress, anxiety and depression and other cooccurring conditions such as substance use disorders.

Hello! I am a masters level social worker in Michigan. I received my Masters from Western Michigan University and have been practicing for over 3 years now. My clients are the only ones who can truly understand their stories, but I feel honored that I can learn about the lives of others in a way that helps us work together to create a person centered plan for change.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 10 years experience in the healthcare system. I am certified in Advanced Care Planning and Critical Incident Stress Management While I enjoy working with a variety of people, I specialize in older adults and those who care for them. I also have several years of experience working with families of children with special needs

My background is in social work, which means I meet you where you are at. I specialize in anxiety, depression, adjustment challenges, and grief. I am also certified in Gerontology and have experience in end of life care, dementia care, and medical social work. In college, I minored in Anthropology, because I am fascinated by the human experience, what makes us human, and how we all can relate to one another.

Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in Michigan since 2015. I am also a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I help adults of all ages manage life transitions, mood disorders, concerns about substance use and being late-diagnosed neurodivergent. I support all pathways to recovery and incorporate a harm-reduction approach when appropriate. I am ND and LGBTQIA- affirming.

I am a dedicated, kind, and caring therapist who works hard to create a warm and supportive environment where clients feel safe to express their thoughts and emotions. Listening actively, I showing genuine empathy and understanding without judgment. Being deeply committed to helping clients overcome hurdles, whether they are emotional, psychological, or situational. i am committed to my client's and their journey.

I have 31 years of social work and clinical experience, specializing in assisting diverse clients with issues such as stress, depression, relational challenges, anxiety, and life transitions. My approach is person-centered, aimed at meeting the unique needs of each individual. In addition to my clinical work, I am a life coach who finds fulfillment in helping clients navigate their challenges and achieve life balance.

Hello! I'm a Clinically Licensed Master Social Worker (LMSW) located in Michigan. With over 5 years of experience, I have dedicated my practice to supporting individuals facing anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, and family/relationship challenges. After completing my Masters at Wayne State University, I embarked on a journey to empower clients to overcome obstacles and lead fulfilling lives. My passion lies in helping individuals navigate through difficult emotions and transitions, fostering resilience, and promoting personal growth. I specialize in working with young adults who are struggling with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, and relationship challenges. By providing a safe and non-judgmental space, I guide my clients in exploring their concerns, identifying strengths, and developing effective coping strategies. My goal is to empower individuals to embrace their unique strengths, cultivate self-compassion, and build healthier relationships with themselves and others. Together, we work towards creating meaningful changes that lead to greater well-being and fulfillment. If you're ready to embark on a journey towards self-discovery and personal growth, I'm here to support you every step of the way. Let's work together to unlock your full potential and create a life that aligns with your values and aspirations.

Hi! my name is Jenna, I am a clinical social worker with a lifetime of combined personal & professional experience. I provide a unique, individualized & wide array of objective practice approaches focusing on choices that foster solutions to lead to a more meaningful life. I am a graduate of Michigan State University with over 15 years working in behavioral health & I engage a holistic, conversational approach to therapy. I provide family & couples therapy, grief & trauma therapy, ADHD & Autism support & among many other things a cognitive/ dialectical approach to manage depression & anxiety.

My name is Shawnda Dewberry, LMSW, and I am based in Michigan. With a master's degree in social work from Wayne State University, I have spent the past 10 years honing my skills and expertise in both group practices and private practice settings. Throughout my career, I have had the opportunity to work with adults from a broad range of backgrounds, helping them navigate various life challenges and transitions. My passion for helping others "live their best life" has been the driving force behind my work. I believe that everyone has the potential to achieve their personal and emotional goals, and my role as a counselor is to facilitate that journey. In my practice, I am committed to partnering with you, providing a supportive and empathetic environment where you can explore your thoughts and feelings without judgment. My approach to counseling is collaborative, focusing on building you up and equipping you with the tools and strategies needed to thrive. Whether you are dealing with issues related to self-esteem, anxiety, depression, or life transitions, I am here to guide you towards a path of self-discovery and growth. By identifying your strengths and developing new coping mechanisms, we can work together to overcome obstacles and create a more fulfilling life. In every session, my goal is to help you be "the best you" every day. I am dedicated to creating a therapeutic space that fosters trust, openness, and resilience. Through our work together, you will gain the confidence and skills necessary to face life's challenges head-on and make positive, lasting changes. Let’s embark on this journey together, empowering you to rediscover your inner strength and redefine your future.

Katrina D. Stokes, PhD, MPhil, MA, LPC, ICAADC, SAP Professional Bio Katrina Stokes is the Crisis Response Coordinator of the Henry Ford ENHANCE Employee Assistance Program (EAP). She is a Licensed Professional Counselor and is an Internationally Certified Advanced Addictions Counselor; Katrina Stokes has been providing Employee Assistance Program Services and Behavioral Health Services to adults, adolescents, and children for more than fifteen years. Her experience spans both the private and public sectors and includes working for the Juvenile Justice System, nonprofit agencies, United Autoworkers International, The Big Three, and The United States Military. Katrina is also has served as an Adjunct Professor in the Human Services Department at a local college. Katrina focuses on helping clients understand and accept their social concerns while empowering them with the tools to cope with life’s challenges. Her vast training and expertise in clinical supervision and counseling have afforded her the ability to be professional, supportive, and diagnostic in her consultation. Her philosophy is to aid with the psychological needs of each individual client. Her approach to Person-Centered Therapy is cognizant of the fact that all square pegs do not fit into square holes.

Do you feel discouraged, lose your temper easily, feel down and emotional, and are unable to concentrate? Have you lost joy in the things you normally love to do? Do you feel like you are losing your ability to deal with things? The power of developing a long-term supportive relationship within counseling sessions can help you control your temper, improve your relationships, and feel better about your life and where it is going. Through meditation, writing, identifying what makes you angry, and other activities change will happen. You are in control of your change. I have a Master's degree in Counseling and have been a Licensed Professional Counselor for 10 years. I have also worked as a Substance Abuse Counselor for 6 years. I understand how anxiety, depression, trauma, and grief can impact someone's life. I am also credentialed with Michigan Medicaid McLaren insurance.

My name is Anthony and I have worked in the behavioral health field for 28 years. I am very active in the behavioral health field even being acknowledged as a Notable Leader in Behavioral Health in 2023 through Crain's Detroit. While a large portion of my work is spent training and managing a team of behavioral health professionals it is incredibly important to me to continue creating space to partner and directly serve people. This is where you come in, providing counseling is generally the best part of my work. It grounds me with why I am a work in behavioral health, it allows me to practice the skills I have learned over the decades and it creates energy and life satisfaction. You have many options of who to choose as a therapist, know that if you choose me I will be excited to see you and to partner with you. Seeing clients is literally not my job, I genuinely want to be your counselor and I look forward to seeing you.

Welcome! I'm a Nationally Certified and Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Michigan. I received a Masters of Science in Counseling from the University of Phoenix and have been providing therapy for 10 years. I am also a certified trauma specialist. I am skilled at helping young adults and adults who want support in managing anxiety, depression and trauma and many other life challenges.

Welcome! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Michigan with a Masters degree in Counseling Psychology. I work with adults and adolescents struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and other internal challenges. I also work with couples and families to restructure maladaptive interactions and behaviors and work toward healthier relationship dynamics. I am also an ally to the LGBTQ+ community. Therapeutic approaches: CBT, EFT, ACT, Mindfulness, Psycho-Education, Non-Judgement, and Rapport to help get you closer to becoming your best self.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Michigan and Pennsylvania. I received my Masters from Wayne State University and have been practicing for 7 years. My approach to therapy relies on creating a safe environment to assist my clients in processing and healing from various aspects of their lives. I am passionate about assisting my clients in healing from trauma, building self-worth, improving communication in their relationships, and reaching their goals. As a clinician, I utilize a multidimensional approach to therapy, exploring everyone’s biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs. I am an interactive, family systems, attachment theory, Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), Somatic Therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) therapist.

Hello! I am a licensed master level social worker. I have worked in the field for the last 8 years in different capacities such as children’s protective services, substance abuse, mental health, school social work and family preservation. My passion is to help all of my clients become the best version of themselves. I can’t wait to meet you and help you reach your fullest potential.

I'm Cathleen a licensed social worker in the state of Michigan. I have been a MSW for over 30 years and practicing therapy for over 10 years. As a therapist I aim to create a safe, judgment free space for self-exploration, discovery, and healing. This is best realized when a client and therapist can work collaboratively. Each of us is a work in progress learning to navigate an ever-changing and complex world. Every stage in our life offers obstacles and hurdles; it is how we respond to them that determines the outcome. In the brilliant words of Ram Dass “We’re all just walking each other home.” It would be my honor and privilege to walk with you on your journey. On a personal note; I love thrifting, cooking vegan food and spending time with my senior rescue dog Gypsy.

I am an experienced Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with a background in youth, adolescent, adult, couples, and family counseling. I have practiced for over ten years and have a master's degree in education (M.Ed.) in school counseling. I currently work with clients who want to gain a better approach to their lives while going through difficulties with transitions, relationship challenges, self-esteem issues, and/or life rediscoveries.

Hello, I am Jill, and Welcome! First off, kudos to you for taking the step to join the world of therapy. It can feel a little intimidating, especially if you've not been here before. I am a Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor from Ohio, while I am also licensed in Michigan, having lived there for 20+ years. I earned my Master of Arts in Counseling degree from Central Michigan University in 2003 (Fire up, Chips!) and my Master of Social Work degree from The Ohio State University in 2023 (O-H!) I have 20+ years of experience working with all ages of people from early childhood through older adults, using a variety of evidence-based treatments in a safe, compassionate, supportive environment. I am excited to meet you and help you along in your journey. I am certain we can do great work together!

With over twenty eight years of experience as a licensed clinical social worker, qualified supervisor, certified yoga instructor, and equine assisted psychotherapist dedicated to helping individuals reconnect with their inner wisdom and to tap into healing energy in order to live more authentically. My belief is that everyone has the right to reach their full potential. I strive to create a warm, collaborative environment where healing a transformation are not only possible-they are achievable. I welcome the opportunity to walk along side you on your journey of healing.

I am a passionate and empathetic therapist dedicated to helping individuals navigate life's challenges and achieve their personal goals. Completing my master's degree in social work in 2021, I specialize in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), with a focus on anxiety, stress management, and self-esteem. Known for being approachable, with a non-judgmental style, I work collaboratively with clients to create a safe and supportive environment for growth. I am committed to helping clients build resilience, embrace change, and lead more fulfilling lives. When not in the office, I enjoy camping, hiking, crocheting and spending time with my dogs, and am continuously seeking professional development opportunities to further enhance my skills.

I serve the entire state of Michigan, via video therapy. Hello! I'm a licensed mental health therapist. I received my Masters from Eastern Michigan University in 2004 and have been practicing since then. Prior to that, I worked as a social worker since 1995. I very much love what I do, helping people learn how to help themselves. I have a rich experience across the board, working in homes, community settings, hospital settings, office and on the streets with the homeless. I am skilled in treating a wide variety of mental health and substance abuse issues.

Welcome! I'm Emily, a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) and Licensed Addiction Counselor (LAC) with a passion for integrative healing and mental health. My journey in the mental health field began in 2015, and I have been dedicated to general healthcare since 2011. I believe in a holistic approach to well-being; integrating mind-body-spirit care into your treatment plan. I truly enjoy helping clients see life in new and different ways. My favorite part of my job is witnessing your growth as a human on this crazy ride we call life!

Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Detroit Michigan. I received my master's from the University of Phoenix and have been practicing for 10 years. I help young adults and veterans who struggle with Depression, PTSD and anxiety. I also work with clients who struggling with substance abuse and other mental health disorders become the best versions of themselves.

Welcome! My name is Victoria. I am a lover of juicing, golden doodles, Jesus, expressive arts, and all things outdoors. I have been a school-based therapist for the past 6 years in working with students Kindergarten through 12th grade along with providing support to parents and teachers. Raising kids this day and age is not an easy task and it truly does take a village!

Do you ever want to feel validated, heard, understood, and not judged by others? Are you still recovering from pain due to grief or trauma? Some days it feels like you are alone and misunderstood, but it does not have to be that way. Based on my experience as a clinical therapist, I specialize in working with Teens and adults focusing on but not limited to anger management, anxiety, depression, grief and loss with a vision to empower clients to feel confident, assurance within themselves, closure and normalize feelings with reasonable solutions and coping skills to manage everyday life.

Life is very challenging and sometimes it feels like the weight of the world is on your shoulders. Perhaps you are stressed, feeling down, or dealing with unforeseen circumstances. I am here to help guide you to self-discovery and find the answers or solutions with support. My counseling style is laid back and eclectic. My focus is to help individuals heal, energize, and become aware of their inner strengths. I consider myself to be warm, approachable, supportive, caring, empathetic, and compassionate. I look forward to helping you by providing and equipping you with the tools to help you cope with your issues and concerns.

I am an experienced Licensed Counselor located in Michigan and I offer tele-therapy services to adults. I received my Master's in Science in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Capella University. My clinical focus is on empowering individuals through increasing communication, skills and self awareness to help navigate through life's challenges. I embrace the collaborative process of helping individuals work towards their most authentic and healthy version of themselves.

Hi! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Michigan. I am passionate about helping children, adolescents and young adults heal from challenging life experiences, distressing changes, trauma, and patterns of thought and behavior that are difficult to escape. It is my privilege to support and collaborate with clients struggling with mental health challenges and assist them on their path to wellness.

Hello! I am licensed in North Carolina, Iowa, North Dakota, Michigan, Utah, and Florida. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, depression, Autism, ADHD, coping with grief and loss, motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. Congratulations on getting to this very important step! I am excited to support & empower you in that journey.

I'm so glad you're here! I know it takes a great amount of courage to even begin looking for help. You may be wondering if anyone will understand you and what you are going through or if there is even any hope! Well there is, and I am here to help you! Hi! I'm Brenda. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor with a background in yoga and wellness. I offer an on-line therapy office serving folks in Kentucky, New Jersey, and Michigan. Consider me your trusted guide on your path to mental and emotional well-being. You'll notice I have a down to earth nature, and strive to create a safe, non-judgmental, supportive space to unpack the early whispers of unease and the thunderstorm of overwhelming emotions.

Phipps is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC), Limited Licensed Psychologist (LLP), and a Certified Advanced Alcohol and Drugs Counselor (CAADC) with a specialty in trauma therapy who is dedicated to working with children and families. She has provided comprehensive therapeutic services to some of the most vulnerable youth in Wayne and Oakland counties and has served in various leadership positions. Phipps is a recipient of the 2023 Michigan Chronicle 40 under 40 Award. Phipps is also a Licensed Minister since 2008 and has engaged in various ministries over the years.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor through the State of Michigan and nationally certified in Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. I have been providing counseling services for over 10 years and have worked within the juvenile justice system, various school districts, and community mental health agencies. My primary approach is an integration of person-centered, mindfulness-based, and cognitive behavioral therapies. I believe a trusting working relationship between counselor and client is important and I strive to achieve that collaboration.

I am a licensed social worker in the state of Michigan with over 20 years of professional experience working with families, adults, children, adolescents and in group settings. I have experience in helping clients with stress management and anxiety, depression, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. My goal is to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. Giving a listening ear, feedback and creating goals with clients that help see their own path to well-being. It takes courage to seek out a more fulfilling and happier life and to take the first steps towards a change. I am here to support & empower you in that journey. I am excited to work with you and eager to get started!

I always strive for each session to end with my clients feeling like they've gained new insight or experienced a positive change. It's my mission to make a meaningful impact during each session. Throughout our time together, I aim for you to feel genuinely understood and listened to. We'll work together on finding solutions, exploring different options, and gaining fresh perspectives on your challenges. Clients often come to me when they feel stuck, and by the end of each session, I hope you'll feel hopeful and see new healing possibilities.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 18 years of clinical experience. My Bachelor’s degree was earned from Rochester University where I was recognized as magna cum laude and graduated with honors in psychology. I went on to earn my graduate degree in Counseling from Siena Heights University in Adrian, Michigan. I have worked with children, adolescents, and adults with various concerns and I am paneled and accept almost all insurance providers, to include Medicaid. My range of expertise includes depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, intimate relationship conflicts, substance abuse, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and oppositional behavioral problems. ****please note that I do not take court ordered clients*****

Are you ready to feel more in control of your life and emotions? Whether you’re struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, or relationship challenges, I’m here to help you navigate these difficulties. My name is Lisa I'm a Clinical Social worker and have been supporting people with mental health healing since 2017. Together we can work toward building coping skills, increasing your self-esteem and finding a sense of peace and balance. You deserve to live a fulfilling life.

Whether there has been a significant loss, a life transition, relational conflict, or daily stressors, we all need support during difficult times. Sometimes, however, a trained professional can help navigate these challenges and assist in facilitating positive change. We aren’t always able to recognize the underlying cause of our discomfort or find ways to overcome life’s challenges. In a therapeutic setting, we will work together to discover healthier ways for you to deal with life’s struggles, make desired changes, improve relationships, and find inner healing. Seeking therapy can be viewed as an investment in yourself. Improving mental and emotional health is as important as one’s physical health. My role is to provide a safe space and come alongside you on your journey. I work with adolescents and adults and provide individual, couples, and family counseling services. I treat depression, anxiety, grief and loss, trauma, (PTSD), relationship issues, parenting, behavioral concerns, and many other problems affecting how we feel and operate in the world.

Hello, and welcome. Together, let’s take a journey toward healing—one step at a time. You have taken the first step, don't stop now. This is a space for growth, understanding, and transformation. You are not alone, and together with guidance, support, and the right tools, we can navigate challenges and work toward a healthier, more fulfilling life one day at a time.

Welcome! I'm Brittany Byers, LISW-S. I received by Masters in Social Work from Walden University and have been practicing since 2015. I've worked in community mental health and addiction services, but for the last 3 years, I've been doing telehealth therapy helping clients manage their mental health and addiction issues. Enough about me. Let's take a moment to acknowledge you've taken the first step towards bettering your mental health because, let's be honest - starting therapy can be empowering, confusing, or scary, all at the same time. I strive to create a safe and welcoming environment that allows clients to explore obstacles with concerns related to anxiety, depression, ADHD, substance use, trauma, and/or self-care. I focus on helping clients develop assertive communication & boundaries with themselves and those around them that can help improve their quality of life.

Hello! I am a (LCSW) Licensed Clinical Social Worker from Michigan. I received my Masters from Wayne State University and have been a practicing social worker for 18+ years. I work with many clients that may experience anxiety, depression, grief , medical adjustment, and/or trauma. Sometimes we just need some assistance to manage life situations and all our life stressors.

I am a fully Licensed Master Social Worker with over 45 years of experience in therapeutic practice in schools, individual, and group counselling. As a facilitator of divorce prevention and recovery, I have assisted many couples and individuals to feel stronger and much more able to manage and improve themselves and their relationships. I have had much success using a client centered self esteem strengthening approach and as a result, have received a sense of satisfaction in my ability to help the clients who choose to work with me.

Hello, My name is Karenna Lang and I am a licensed master's level clinical therapist. My educational background includes master's degrees from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor and the University of London. I am licensed to practice in the State of Michigan as well as the State of Connecticut. If you are facing challenges in your life and are considering therapy I am happy to assist. Many of us experience issues with anxiety, confidence, and self-esteem. Emotions, thoughts and behaviors can be very challenging. It is my goal to assist clients with understanding how these three components are interrelated and to assist clients with empowering themselves to achieve increased awareness, introspection and insight and gain a happier life. Are you faced with worry? Do you find yourself overthinking and experiencing racing thoughts? Perhaps you experience social anxiety. Are you facing a history of family trauma? Or perhaps, issues with communication and conflict in a relationship? Perhaps you are dealing with a stressful matter related to your career, or educational endeavors. Or, you may be dealing with identity issues and/or gender changes. These are just some of the examples of the topics I can address with you. My primary areas of interest include persons suffering from anxiety, persons with a history of family trauma, and individuals and couples experiencing problems with communication and conflicts. I also enjoy working with individuals in the LGBTQ+ community. Whatever issues you may be facing, it is a courageous step to seek and obtain counseling services and I am happy to offer a friendly approach and a safe, confidential, respectful, and supportive environment.

I am dedicated to helping clients achieve positive change and emotional well-being. With expertise in evidence-based therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). My goal is to create a supportive and empowering therapeutic environment where clients can explore their challenges, tap into their strengths, and work towards achieving their goals for personal growth and healing.

*Pragmatic and Practical (me) *Strong Listener (me) *Flexible, yet structured (me) *Focus on goals, objectives, and techniques to achieve the desired life outcomes or cope with undesired shortcomings (us) *Of Accountability and Responsibility (you) *Your answers lies within (you) Summary: If you're seeking a realistic approach in modifying your current circumstances maybe I can lend some assistance. Life outcomes will have a better chance to come to fruition when one's will and subsequent expectant behavior aligns themselves accordingly. And the connection is ownership of the aforementioned. Quote: "If one is not hungry, one will not eat"