Therapists in Texas

Greetings, I’m Taylor. Are you ready to make a change? To shift your current dynamic into something more aspiring? Are you being held back by trauma or shame? Have you struggled to keep up with self-care or show self-love? I help women of all ages who struggle with depression, anxiety, ADHD, or other mental disorders to feel empowered again. Maybe you feel stuck in your current phase of life and need a nudge to help you move forward through coaching. Or maybe you are exhausted with life’s misfortunes and need to let go of the past. I am here as a form of guidance to walk beside you in figuring out those next steps. I do a mixture of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. I also do coaching sessions upon request. Let’s work together to find out the best plan of action for you and I hope to see you in session soon.

Dealing with life struggles can be overwhelming and at times it can be exhausting. Life stressors and impactful situations can greatly affect our mental well-being and as a result, affect our physical health in the process. Having the necessary and proper tools to work through those issues are essential to better one's life. By providing you with a compassionate and nonjudgmental space, I can help you feel safe and provide the support you need as you explore your inner self and work toward healing and growth. I utilize cognitive behavioral therapy models to help individuals change the view of their struggles to obtain favorable changes. Changing your thought process can help you realize and understand you have power in your hands to make great changes and in turn obtain more desirable results.

Hey there! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Board Approved Supervisor in the state of Texas. I received my degree from the University of Michigan and have been and LCSW for the past 10 years. I work with clients of all ages and walks of life increase their level of functionality within various relationships (work, family, intimate).

Hi, I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Texas. I received my Master's from Lamar University in Beaumont Texas. I have been practicing for less than 5 years. I am a practical, and down-to-earth individual. As a clinician, I help families, young adults, couples, and individuals by providing a safe and non-judgmental space for them to explore their thoughts and feelings. My approach to therapy is compassionate and client-centered, focusing on their unique needs and goals.

Therapy was never my goal. Over the years I learned that I love helping people and have experienced a lot of challenges, losses, job changes, etc. I have a lot of experience overcoming and moving forward. If you are ready to make changes and reach your full potential, I would love to help you do that. Let's get started on your new path to health and wellbeing.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Texas. I received my Masters from the University of Rio Grande Valley and have been practicing for 6 years. I help adults struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, and life adjustments and help clients identify their strengths. I have a special interest in working with parents and helping them through the parenting journey including parental stress and perinatal support.

Hello, I'm Beatriz, Do you ever feel like you second guess yourself a lot? Do you ever wonder when that started or where that comes from? Are you afraid that your choices will go against cultural traditions and family believes? Do you have trouble vocalizing your needs? I help individuals find their courage to start living the life that they really want for themselves. It's not easy, it takes practice, patience, and at times taking a little deeper look into our fears. Together we will explore fears, difficult emotions, relationships, we might even identify somethings that you may have been avoiding. Through motivational interviewing, we will explore what are your goals while in therapy. I use a strength based approach to start some action towards those goals. I start where you are and I will respect any decision you make along the way. Wether you are struggling through depression, anxiety, trauma, or want to overcome something to start a new adventure, this is a partnership. I am here to support you through the journey. Seeking therapy can feel scary at times, so I want to congratulate you for taking these steps. As a Latina, I know how hard it can be to not feel like you have a safe space to heal and grow. As a spoken word artist, I know the importance of telling your story. I will provide you with a space where there will be no judgement and a lot empathy. So, let's work together and start empowering your self love!

My name is Nguyen Bui, but you can call me Johnnie. I am a dedicated therapist with three years of experience working with adults and teens facing grief, anxiety, and trauma. My goal is to provide a supportive and compassionate space where clients can heal, grow, and become the best version of themselves. Through evidence-based approaches, I help clients build resilience, develop healthy coping strategies, and move forward with confidence.

Hello, I am an empathetic licensed professional counselor who understands the importance of comfort and support during therapy sessions. I will work on finding ways to assist you, provide you with tools and resources so that you understand your feelings and emotions experienced or lived during difficult situations. I believe we all have the power to heal and with persistence, self-love, compassion and desire, we will successfully regain control of our lives and emotions.

Greetings I am a licensed professional counselor with an extensive background working with children/adolescents and families. As a community leader I served in K-12 education for over 26 years and recently retired so that I could be more available to provide counseling. I am particularly passionate about working with those who experience anxiety, depression, anger, and grief as I have worked more specifically in these areas. I am licensed in Texas with years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, coping with grief and loss, anger management, & motivation, self-esteem, and confidence. Additional areas of focus: Caregiver Issues and Stress, Chronic Pain Illness and Disability, Communication Problems, Control Issues, Forgiveness, Guilt and Shame, Isolation / Loneliness, Life Purpose, Self-Love

Greetings, folks! My name is Daniel. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with three years of counseling experience and over eight years of working in the field of mental health. If you are an individual experience significant struggles maintaining balance in your life, whether it be staving off depression and anxiety, difficulty maintaining your relationships, work life or general health, I believe I can be of some relief. Knowing some folks may be scared or hesitant to pursue therapy, I provide a safe and inviting environment, keeping at a pace at which you can feel comfortable as you work toward healing and developing a stronger relationship with yourself. I am an inquisitive mind and will ask many questions so that I may have further understanding of and greater compassion for your struggles as we strengthen our therapeutic alliance and work through what ails you.

Welcome! I am Marissa, a LPC based in Texas offering virtual counseling services. I am available on weekdays and offer evening appointments on certain days. With everyone's busy schedules between work, spouses, children, and other commitments, finding a convenient time and place to take care of ourselves is essential. I feel it is a privilege to be a safe space for clients to navigate life's obstacles, and I am proud that you are here to take the first steps towards your wellness.

Hello! I'm Destiny, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Texas. With a passion for empowering individuals to achieve their full potential, I've dedicated my career to providing compassionate and effective therapy. I received my Master's degree from Our Lady of the Lake University and have been practicing social work at the Master's level for the past 8 years.

Hello!!!! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in the great state of Texas. I also hold a doctorate 15 years of experience. I help adults cope with life stressors. I also help clients find solutions to some of the tough issues that life will take us through. I also provide new perspective in spaces that are welcoming and non judgmental.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Texas, with over 10 years of experience in the mental health field. I hold a Master's degree from the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. I specialize in working with children, adolescents, and young adults, helping them develop effective strategies to manage mental health challenges, with the goal of fostering personal growth and supporting their transition into successful adulthood.

My name is Marie Mason and I moved to the United States in 1994 to teach. My work with children eventually led me to counseling. I have been licensed for seven years and I work with all ages. I really like doing trauma work, which is why I am EMDR and TF-CBT trained. I also do a lot of work with anxiety.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor (LPC-S) through the Texas State Board of Professional Counselors. I received my bachelor’s degree in Psychology from the University of North Texas in Denton, TX, and my master’s degree in Counseling at Texas Wesleyan University in Fort Worth, TX. I completed the certification process for LPC Supervision at the University of North Texas in Denton, TX. I am also EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) trained. I have been practicing therapy for 9 years. Much of my work has been with trauma survivors. I have worked with the homeless population, domestic violence, and foster care. Many of my clients are survivors of sexual and physical abuse and assault, traumatic grief, and domestic violence.

I’m Oscar Martinez, a Licensed Professional Counselor in Texas. With over two decades of diverse experience across business, fitness, education, and therapy, I bring a unique, holistic approach to counseling that connects with people from all walks of life. I am a father of two beautiful daughters, and a husband to a wonder wife. I believe that every individual is capable of creating positive change, and that therapy should be a partnership, one where you feel heard, valued, and empowered. I bring over two decades of diverse work experiences, with former roles in the fields of business, fitness, education and therapy.

Greetings Beloved Clients! I am Pam C. Lyons, a Certified Professional Coach and Licensed Professional Counselor-Supervisor for 15 years, and 20 plus years of life experience. I understand what it means to reinvent and rebuild my life several times as a Hurricane Katrina Survivor and as a businesswoman. My practice serves as a safe place to the Texas community and a beacon of light. The slogan “Reinvent the World” was inspired by all the shared traumatic experiences going on in the world due to Covid 19, increase in mental and physical health problems, racism, toxic politics, lack of safety for our children, poverty, economic challenges, women not receiving equal pay, women rights being infringed upon, and survivors of natural disasters. We need a space to express our traumatic experiences safely, to be listened to and understood with empathy and compassion, and to receive coping tools to become the best version of ourselves so we can create a better world for our future generations.

I've wanted to be a therapist since I was 9 years old. It's been a lifelong dream that I was able to achieve. My first experience with mental health is in a community mental health facility. I learned lots about major mental illness and skills training. I believe this time developed me into a therapist that "teaches" my client how to help themselves and how to relate to people on a personal level. My passions outside of work are DIY projects in my new home, crocheting, camping and my pug. I love reading romance novels. I am also a wife, mother and grandmother. I am a stepmother, bio-mother, mother of twins, mother of boys, mother of girls and have a variety of ages.

Hello there! I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Texas. I have been practicing for the past 15 years. I help individuals, couples, and families understand what information their thoughts, feelings, and emotions are informing them about so that I can support and empower them to become the best versions of themselves. This is done through practical and realistic strategies that integrate into their lives.

Jamaika is an LCSW who utilizes a very person centered approach, however she does challenge her clients when needed. Jamaika see’s an array of clients including those who are dealing with adjustment issues due to a stressful change in their life (toxic relationships, heartbreak, divorce, new job, school, sports performance issues etc.) as well as, see clients with diagnosis of depression, anxiety, bipolar and more. Jamaika is has experience in working with an array of clients but holds specialty in three areas: Elite & Professional Athletes, Domestic Violence, and Alcohol & Substance Use/Addictions. A little bit about Jamaika is that she is an alumni Division 1 athlete who specializes in working with current and former elite athletes of all ages and stages. Jamaika also specializes in working with individuals experiencing or have experienced domestic violence on a physical, emotional, mental, sexual and other abuse level. Lastly, Jamaika specializes in working with individuals who struggle with misusing and abusing alcohol or substances, or other addictions such as gaming addictions, sex addictions and needs assistance getting their maladaptive behaviors under control. Jamaika’s treatment modalities consist of a mix of different things which all pertain to her clients and what she best believes will help her clients achieve their goals per each presenting issue. Jamaika's common treatment modalities utilized but not limited to are: Accelerated Resolution Therapy/EMDR, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Brief Therapy and Dialectical Behavior Therapy. As a counselor, Jamaika provides a judgement free zone, safe and supportive therapeutic environment. Jamaika strives to aid her clients in reaching their best self, as well as, experience a quality of life and peace within their mind and life in general. If interested and wanting to incorporate Faith Based Counseling in your session, please notify Jamaika, as she is comfortable providing upon request.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker/Psychotherapist and Certified Grief Educator. I specialize in helping adults navigate the profound challenges of depression, grief, bipolar disorder, ADHD and anxiety. My own life experiences, including the loss of my son in 2023, have given me a unique perspective and a deeply empathetic approach. I understand the courage it takes to open up and the transformative growth that therapy can bring. I am here to provide a safe and compassionate space for self-discovery and healing. While therapy requires time, effort, and patience, the journey is deeply rewarding. Discovering the best version of yourself is an investment worth making, and I would be honored to guide you on this transformative path.

Hello there! My name is Baisha Franklin and I have been working as a Licensed Professional Counselor for 10 years. I am a mother of 4 great sons, I place tremendous value on family and strong relationships. I am excited to serve clients who are looking to lead a life of balance, peace, and emotional stability. I believe in working towards goals for improvement that will result in fulfillment and structure in life. I am confident in my ability to help clients make changes that will improve the quality of their lives and ultimately supersede their greatest expectations.

Hi there. I'm Brian. Life is a journey. Sometimes that journey feels simple and finding our footing is easy. But at other times, the road appears dark and we find ourselves feeling anxious, confused, lonely, and struggling to know how to take the next step. Sometimes, we just need some help. As your therapist, I love that my job is to come along side of you in your journey and be a guide. Whether your facing the biggest battle of your life or wanting to climb to new heights, we can navigate the road together for a bit. It's your journey. I looking forward to joining you on it!

Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Work who serves clients in both Colorado and Texas. I received my masters in social work in 2022 from Metropolitan State University of Denver. I have since been working with clients to develop coping skills, set boundaries, manage relationships, and support through life transitions. My goal is to provide a holistic and client-centered therapeutic experience, tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual. By fostering a safe and supportive environment, I aim to empower clients to build resilience, achieve personal growth, and navigate their life's challenges with confidence.

Hi my name is Diana Lozano and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in Texas and I am here to listen with an open mind, acceptance, respect, and without judgement. Together we can take that journey towards healing and clarity. I will provide a safe place for you to process everything that has happened, so that you can stay centered in such an unpredictable time that is filled with unknowns.

Hi! I’m a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) practicing in Texas and Idaho. I believe Mental health matters for all ages! I have experience working with individuals from all walks of life, ages 8+ to the sages. Throughout our sessions together I will work to create a safe, non-judgmental space for you to show up, just as you are. It’s ok, to not be ok! I am committed to walking with you, using evidence-based modalities, such as CBT, Client-Centered, Solution Focus, EMDR, and Psychoeducation, to ensure you meet your goals. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and received my Master of Arts in Professional Counseling from Amberton University. I have experience in Health Care and Mental Health services working for non-profit, for-profit, nursing homes, and home health. I have experience from entry-level positions to management experience. I enjoy teaching, working with others, and seeing the difference counseling makes in individuals' lives.

Hi there! I'm Jenn, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in Texas. I have nearly two years of experience helping clients navigate anxiety, depression, trauma, among other journeys. My goal is to create a safe, cozy space where you feel supported and understood, because it is only when we feel safe can we begin to heal. Using tools like CBT and EMDR, I guide clients toward healing, growth, and becoming the best version of themselves.

My name is Jess Parker and clients come to me to work on a myriad of different struggles. Before we even meet, we ask that we have all of your documentation and insurance information, so we can make sure you are provided with the best service possible. Whether it's anxiety, depression, life changes, trauma, disputes, ADHD or marital issues. Most have struggled along for a while, supporting those around them and neglecting themselves. My goal as a therapist is to help you, the client, achieve your goals. We start out by getting to know each other, then we create the goals we will be working on. Together we begin to address issues past and present and develop strategies and coping skills to help you move forward.

Therapy is often a difficult and personal journey that one enters for a variety of reasons. Therapy provides an emotionally safe place for people to address and process life experiences while offering valuable insight and perspective. The next step in your healing journey could bring the change you desire. My many years of life experience, seven years of counseling experience, and a commitment to continuing education provide me with a foundation for providing compassionate and trauma-informed care. I have experience working with all ages suffering from PTSD, Anxiety, and Depression. My integrative style provides personalized treatment to meet your needs, preferences, and cultural expectations. I would be honored to join you in your healing journey. Schedule an appointment to take your next step toward healing.

Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional, trained in EMDR. My areas of expertise include trauma/PTSD, anxiety, and women's issues. I strive to positively impact your life through compassionate and effective therapy. I am dedicated to helping you navigate life's challenges with empathy and understanding. With years of experience, my approach is tailored to meet your unique needs, offering a safe and non-judgmental space for you to explore your strengths and challenges.

Hey there! I would love to work alongside you to meet your mental, emotional, and overall health goals. I have been a Licensed Professional Counselor In Texas for over 10 years. I have a passion for nature, fitness and nutrition as resources to lead a more balanced and healthy life. In addition to an eclectic client centered style of counseling, I have been trained to better understand trauma and how it affects the brain and in turn, behaviors. I am currently practicing EMDR and working towards certification. The majority of my experience has been in working with children and teenagers to understand their behaviors and overcome trauma; however, I am eager and ready to help all ages. If you are experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma related symptoms, low self esteem, or health challenges, I am confident I can help.

Hello there! Are you looking for compassionate support and guidance in Texas? Look no further! With 15 years of dedicated experience, I am a seasoned Clinical Social Worker ready to assist you on your journey towards healing and growth. My expertise spans across all lifespans. Whether you're struggling with anxiety, trauma, grief, depression, substance abuse, or simply seeking motivation and coaching, I'm here to provide personalized care tailored to your unique needs. Let's embark on this transformative journey together!

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Workers based in Texas. I received my Masters from the University of Central Florida and have worked in the healthcare field assisting those with life changing and chronic illnesses for the last 20 years. I enjoy giving people a safe place to develop resilience and adaptability to start living life the way they imagine they would like.

I'm a compassionate mental health therapist. My primary focus is on empowering my clients with practical tools and strategies to manage their anxiety effectively. I have a deep passion for working with women facing various mental health challenges, offering them support and guidance through their journey to healing. Additionally, I love assisting couples in developing healthy conflict resolution skills, fostering stronger and more fulfilling relationships. My approach is rooted in empathy, understanding, and evidence-based interventions tailored to the unique needs of each individual and couple you work with.

Welcome! I’m so glad you are here. Life may seem a little bit more challenging for you lately, but I’m here to support you while navigating new and difficult life stressors. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with almost a decade of social service experience. I provide individual therapy to adults who may be dealing with anxiety, depression, self-esteem issues, stress, and more. I am an advocate for individuals utilizing mental health services to promote self-discovery and healing.

Hi there, I'm Lana. Do you often find yourself feeling tired, overwhelmed, or stuck? Is your life spinning out of control and you find yourself staring at the ceiling in the middle of the night, trying to piece it back? We can work on it together.My hope is that therapy will help you feel more connected to yourself and others, to create boundaries, to strengthen relationships, and find more creativity, joy, and peace in your life. Whether you're dealing with overwhelm, relationship issues or cycles of anxiety and depression, I'm here to help. Seeking therapy can feel scary but you're making the right choice. You deserve a safe space to heal and grow. In our sessions together, I'll meet you with compassion and evidence-based techniques so you can overcome the hangups and habits holding you back. Let's work together!

I believe that it should not be hard to live a better life, because people can change and there is hope. I, Daniell' Chisley, offer therapy services for adults and juveniles (13-17). We can come up with solutions together. I offer integrated treatment styles that are safe, inclusive, and tailored to you, so that you can feel heard and get the help that you need. Helping you to heal is my goal. I will guide you to acceptance, understanding, and developing results.

Hi, My name is Maricela. Do you feel like you are being pulled in many directions? Are you struggling to keep it all together or find a balance? I might be able to help you manage your stress and anxiety. We all juggle so many roles and have so many responsibilities. Together we can identify what's not working and get you back to balance. Whether you're dealing with overwhelm, relationship issues, or past traumas, I'm here to help. Seeking therapy can feel scary but you're making the right choice. You deserve to have a space where you can heal and grow. In our sessions together, I'll meet you with a smile and compassion. We will begin to do the work together as I introduce evidence-based techniques so you can overcome the feelings and habits holding you back. Let's work together!

Hello! I'm glad you're here. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Texas with over 10 years of clinical experience. I have a wide range of experience working with adolescents, adults, and geriatric populations. I specialize in helping women struggling with self-esteem, life transitions, family and marital stress, and navigating relationships with others and yourself. I help you identify stagnant points in your life, and get to the root of them, so you can begin showing up and living a more authentic and fulfilled life.

As a bilingual Clinical Therapist , I work closely with clients to minimize the long-term effects of complex trauma. I use evidence-based therapies to help empower families, guiding them on their journey to healing and resilience despite the challenges they face. I am deeply passionate about creating a safe and compassionate space where every client feels heard, understood, and supported throughout their healing process.

Hello. My name is Rosie, and I am a licensed professional counselor in the state of Texas. I have 15 years of experience in the field of counseling. I am passionate about my career and especially passionate about helping others. I firmly believe that at one point in our lives, we have all experienced or will be experiencing feelings of being overwhelmed, confused, sad, pain or some type of discomfort. I've been there...and now I want to be here for you. I understand that it takes courage to reach out for help, but I am here to support you in exploring ways to feel more empowered about your situation. Seeking therapy may feel challenging, but I will help make the process less difficult. It takes bravery, courage, and drive to take the initial step toward seeking support. You've already accomplished the first step, believe it or not! I hope to hear from you soon.

Hello! And thank you for considering me to be your partner on your journey to wholeness and improvement. Congratulations on taking that pivotal first step to reach out for help. My name is Marisa Montes and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. I have extensive experience in helping people who are at a crossroads and unsure of what their next steps will be. Many of those I have successfully worked with have gone through experiences that have marked them and left them reeling. In my practice, I use a variety of evidence based therapeutic techniques to equip clients to live life successfully and confront their challenges head on.

Good Morning/Good Day, My name is Giovanna H Pennick. I am a licensed therapist in the state of Texas. I have earned a Masters in School Counseling and earned my License as a Professional Counselor certification (LPC). I have worked with students of all ages from K to graduate school. My eldest student just hit 84. The lifespan brings a variety of challenges and I am prepared to support you at every stage.

Welcome! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) in the great state of Texas. I am happy you are reaching out and partnering into this journey of bringing out the best in yourself through healing and recovery. I am here for you! I will provide therapy services to all clients in all locations within the state of Texas through Bluebonnet Healing and Wellness Therapy Services, PLLC supported by Grow Therapy. If you feel stuck or misunderstood because of life's experiences causing anxiety, stress, or trauma, I can help. I have always had a heart and passion for helping people and did so throughout my career in the military, civil service, and then later when I started my counseling journey in 2010 and then received my master’s from Liberty University. Counseling is a ministry that I have a passion for helping people of all ages navigate and overcome a variety of life's challenges. Good mental health positively affects our physical health. It is important for all to have the opportunity to receive mental health services. If a client qualifies, I accept sliding scale. I have been attentive to the needs of both at risk residential and outpatient children, adults, and families, while ensuring a welcoming, trusting, no-judgement environment. I also work to effect positive change using methods or tools empowering Individuals (both adults and youth) and families experiencing unexpected life's trials.

Hello! I am a licensed professional counselor (LPC) based in Texas. I received my Masters degree from Amberton University and I have been practicing for just over 1 year. I help children and adolescents, adults, couples and seniors. I aim to help others who suffer from anxiety, self-esteem issues, depression and other mental health issues. Helping with life transitions, stress and life decisions is a main goal to help others to live their best possible life.

I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker Supervisor (LCSW-S) with over 15 years of experience in mental health. My career spans various roles, including program therapist for inpatient and outpatient treatment programs, manager of a geriatric behavioral health unit in a rural community, and as department director in a critical care mental health hospital. Throughout my years in the field, I noticed that many individuals struggling with mental health challenges lacked essential skills—whether in communication, emotional regulation, or behavioral management. This realization led me to establish my private practice, where I focus on equipping individuals with evidence-based skills to enhance their mental well-being.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with the state of Texas, USA. I have training and experience in counseling for over 8 years. I accept only clients who I believe have the capacity to resolve their own problems with my assistance. I believe that as people become more accepting of themselves, they are capable of finding peace and contentment in their lives. However, self-awareness and self-acceptance are goals that take time to achieve. Sometimes this may require months or even years. If counseling is successful, you should feel that you are able to face life’s challenges without my support or intervention. However, please be aware that neither I nor any counselor can guarantee that counseling will be successful. Your greatest asset in counseling will be you; the open, honest, real you. If you have any questions or concerns at any point about anything, talk to me. If I do not know the answer, we will work to find it together. Again, authentic communication is welcomed and desired here. Are you ready to get the life you want?

Howdy! I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist (LMFT) based in Texas. I received my Masters from the University of Southern Mississippi. I love helping clients who are experiencing difficulties in relationships. Whether there is distance or conflict, I can assist in repairing relationships with the ones that matter most. This can be through individual, couples, or family therapy. I also specialize in working with intergenerational trauma and breaking cycles passed down by our ancestors.