Therapists that accept Cash Pay in Virginia

Choosing a cash pay option for mental health care can provide flexibility and access to quality support without the constraints of insurance networks. With 619 verified therapists in Virginia who accept cash pay, you can explore therapeutic approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy, solution-focused therapy, and supportive counseling to address a range of concerns, including anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Each Grow Therapy-verified therapist that has a cash pay option listed below is currently welcoming new clients and has availability soon, offering you a straightforward path to compassionate, accessible care on your terms.

Availability updated: 8/23/2026

New to Grow

$150/session

Specialties
Anxiety
Couples Counseling
Trauma and PTSD
+6
I’m Andrea Claiborne, LCSW, therapist, author, wife, mother, and the owner and CEO of QuoVadis Counseling PLLC. At QuoVadis Counseling, I believe therapy is more than simply addressing what has happened in your life—it’s about understanding where you are, discovering where you want to go, and developing the tools to help you get there. QuoVadis is Latin for “Where are you going?” and that question is at the heart of my practice.
Available

$250/session

Warm
Authentic
Open-minded
Specialties
Coping Skills
Life Transitions
Sex Therapy
+7
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 20 years of experience in the mental health field and 10 years in private practice. As a certified sex therapist through AASECT, I specialize in supporting individuals and couples navigating intimacy, relationship challenges and personal growth. My approach is warm, relational, and grounded in evidence-based practices like Emotionally Focused Therapy, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy. I specialize in working with couples to strengthen their connection, improve communication, and navigate challenges together. I integrate couples therapy with sex therapy to help partners deepen emotional and physical intimacy, address concerns around desire and sexual functioning, and foster a more fulfilling relationship. I feel it is important to offer clients practical tools and exercises they can use outside of therapy, because real change happens not just in the session, but daily life. These strategies help reinforce what we explore together, support continued growth between sessions, and empower clients to manage challenges as they arise. Whether it's mindfulness practices, communication techniques, journaling prompts, or coping skills, these resources give clients something tangible to hold onto as they build confidence and resilience on their own path. I view therapy as a collaborative process-an active partnership between client and therapist. We work together to explore challenges, identify goals, and create meaningful changes. While I bring clinical insight and guidance, the client brings their lived experience, wisdom, and willingness to grow.
VirtualAvailable

New to Grow

$125/session

Specialties
Coping Skills
Depression
Military/Veterans
+5
About Me I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Hypnotherapist with experience supporting adults and veterans through anxiety, stress, life transitions, trauma, and personal growth. My approach is compassionate, collaborative, and individualized, combining evidence-based therapy with hypnotherapy and other mind-body techniques. I meet clients where they are, helping them recognize their strengths, develop practical tools, and create meaningful, lasting change. My Ideal Client My ideal client is an adult who is ready for support and wants to better understand themselves, overcome challenges, or make positive changes in their life. I especially enjoy working with veterans and individuals experiencing anxiety, stress, confidence issues, life transitions, and feeling stuck. How I Work I believe therapy should be a partnership rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Together, we identify your goals and develop a plan that fits your needs, using approaches such as CBT, ACT, IEMT, somatic techniques, and hypnotherapy when appropriate. My goal is to provide a safe, supportive space where you can feel understood, build resilience, and move forward with greater confidence and purpose.
Available

New to Grow

$130/session

Specialties
Anxiety
Depression
Life Transitions
I believe therapy should feel like a conversation where you can be your authentic self - without judgement . I bring over 10 years of experience in the mental health field and use a person-centered, strength-based approach to help clients feel heard, supported, and empowered. I believe you are the expert in your own life, and my role is to walk alongside you as you work toward meaningful change. I work best with clients who ae ready to explore, grow, and actively participate in their healing. My goal is to create a safe, comfortable space where WE can work together at your pace while building on the strengths you already have.
Available

New to Grow

$120/session

Specialties
Anxiety
Depression
Self Esteem
+9
I have always been interested in people and their stories. Having grown up in Virginia, I got my bachelor’s degree in psychology from Bridgewater College and a master’s degree in social work from Virginia Commonwealth University. I have experience across a wide variety of settings, including inpatient care, community mental health, and partial hospitalization programs. In these roles, I have supported clients facing challenges such as depression, anxiety, complex trauma, self-harm, suicidal ideation, grief, emotional regulation, attachment concerns, and difficulties with boundaries and communication. I am passionate about helping clients build the skills to live as their most authentic and healthy selves. I believe that by fostering an environment of trust and safety, clients can fully realize their own power and achieve more than they ever thought possible.
Available

$130/session

Warm
Authentic
Empowering
Specialties
Anxiety
Depression
Life Transitions
+10
Welcome! Transformation is possible. You can choose to step into a fully connected, authentic, and joyful life. It's time to start living the life that's waiting for you. I've experienced profound transformations myself and I'm here to guide you to the life that you desire. Maybe you're just not feeling happy. Or maybe you feel stuck in a never-ending loop. It seems like you're barely doing anything for yourself anymore. You know something has to change and there has to be a better way. I'm glad you're here! I'm Carrie, and I'm ready to help! I love to help people shift. I created LifeVision Counseling, LLC to empower individuals on their journey of personal growth and healing by offering online therapy throughout Virginia. As a seasoned therapist, I offer a safe space where you can explore your emotions, overcome obstacles, and start to live the life you desire. With over 15 years in the field, I bring experience and authenticity to each session, providing guidance and support as you navigate life's challenges from the comfort of your own home. I use a therapeutic approach to promote healing and growth. My style is collaborative and strengths-based, aimed at helping you honor yourself and find your own path forward. I use proven strategies to help you overcome life's challenges and start living a life that's full of peace and joy. I'm happy to help and specialize in treating anxiety, depression, life transitions, career stress, and relationship challenges.
Available

New to Grow

$150/session

Specialties
Anxiety
Depression
Grief
My name is Evelyn Lieb, and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) serving clients in Washington, DC, and Virginia. I believe that healing begins in a space where you feel genuinely heard, understood, and accepted. My approach is compassionate, collaborative, and tailored to your unique needs and goals. I specialize in working with adults experiencing anxiety, trauma, depression, OCD, ADHD, life transitions, relationship challenges, and chronic stress. Together, we will explore the patterns that may be keeping you stuck while building practical skills to help you move toward the life you want. I draw from evidence-based approaches, including person-centered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and trauma-informed interventions, always adapting treatment to fit the individual rather than using a one-size-fits-all approach. Whether you are facing a difficult life transition or have been carrying emotional pain for years, I am committed to creating a supportive, respectful environment where lasting growth and healing can occur.
Available

New to Grow

$90/session

Specialties
Anxiety
Coping Skills
Depression
+5
Life can be challenging, and you don't have to navigate it alone. I work with adults who are feeling overwhelmed, stuck, anxious, or simply ready to make meaningful changes in their lives. Whether you're coping with stress, relationship challenges, life transitions, or emotional struggles, I provide a supportive, collaborative environment where we can work together toward your goals. My approach is warm, genuine, and practical. Therapy should help you better understand yourself while giving you tools and strategies you can begin using in your everyday life. Together, we'll build on your strengths, work through obstacles, and create lasting change at a pace that feels right for you.
Available

$150/session

Warm
Authentic
Empowering
Specialties
Anxiety
Depression
Grief
+8
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia. I received my Master of Social Work from Virginia Commonwealth University. I have worked in behavioral health and healthcare arenas for over thirty years. This includes experience in oncology, hospice care and all the aspects of providing social support in a Level I trauma center. Over the past few years I have focused exclusively on the provision of therapy for individual adult clients of all ages and walks of life.
VirtualAvailable

$150/session

Authentic
Intelligent
Empowering
Specialties
Anxiety
Depression
Trauma and PTSD
+5
Do you feel like you have tried everything and it still isn't working? Are you tired of existing in life and not fully living life? Do you feel stuck, depressed, or anxious? I provide a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere so you can feel free to express your needs and work together on a plan that best fits your needs. I have worked in emergency crisis services, crisis management services, and trauma for years and this has brought with it the experience to be able to quickly meet and address your immediate needs and then work toward addressing the long-term needs. I currently serve children and adults via teletherapy. I have training and experience working with military veterans. I assist with issues including: depression, anxiety, trauma/PTSD, dissociative disorders, conflict, parenting/behavioral management. We currently offer equine assisted psychotherapy as a treatment option.
VirtualAvailable

Often rebooked

$225/session

Authentic
Warm
Challenging
Specialties
Depression
Life Transitions
Trauma and PTSD
+7
Life can feel overwhelming at times, and you don't have to navigate it alone. I believe healing begins in a space where you feel safe, supported, and genuinely understood. My goal is to build a trusting, and collaborative relationship where you can be yourself while you explore challenges openly, and work toward the changes that matter most to you. I take a trauma-informed, person-centered approach, which means I meet you where you are and honor your unique experiences, strengths, and perspectives. I have experience working with individuals facing anxiety, depression, trauma, substance use and addiction, relationship concerns, self-esteem challenges, and other life stressors. Drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), I help clients develop practical tools for managing emotions, coping with stress, improving communication, and building healthier patterns in their lives. Together, we'll work to better understand your experiences, strengthen your resilience, and create meaningful change at a pace that feels right for you. Seeking support takes courage, and reaching out is often the first step toward healing. Whether you're feeling stuck, struggling to cope, or simply looking for a space to grow, I am here to walk alongside you on your journey. I look forward to meeting you and helping you create a life that feels more aligned with who you are and who you hope to become
Available

$150/session

Warm
Authentic
Solution oriented
Specialties
Anxiety
Career Counseling
Trauma and PTSD
+10
I have been licensed since 2017 and I've been working in the mental health arena for just under a decade. I began working in community mental health and that gave me an excellent opportunity to work with people who were dealing with a large variety of issues, including significant trauma, depression, anxiety, self-harm, relationship issues, self-esteem issues, people struggling to find motivation, people who are grieving significant losses, people with attention or focus issues, and people just trying to find their place in the world. My primary concern is ensuring that you feel comfortable and safe to share openly. Wherever you are on your adventure, I want to meet you there and work with you until you reach your destination. I primarily practice cognitive behavioral therapy and I work very hard to keep myself updated on treatments that are identified as best practice therapy models by the state of Virginia. It is important to me to provide a service that is supported by research to ensure that my clients get the best service available. I tend to pull a lot from DBT, strength based counseling, motivational-interviewing, solution focused therapy, and mindfulness. It should also be mentioned that I have a lot of experience working with people who have had significant legal issues. I enjoy working with people from all walks of life, and I love to learn.
VirtualAvailable

Often rebooked

$125/session

Warm
Authentic
Empowering
Specialties
Anxiety
First Responders/Healthcare Workers
Women's Issues
+10
Hi, I'm Daija Monroe, Licensed Professional Counselor and founder of Monroe Behavioral Insight Consulting. I'm so glad you're here and I want you to know that finding the courage to seek support is something to be proud of. I'm a Virginia-based therapist with over seven years of experience working with individuals across a wide range of life experiences and challenges. I have experience in community mental health, forensic mental health, crisis intervention, and school-based settings which means I bring a well-rounded, real-world understanding of how life, systems, and mental health intersect. My work is rooted in creating a space that feels genuinely safe where you don't have to perform, pretend, or have it all figured out before walking through the door. I'll be honest with you, I'm not the therapist who will sit quietly and just nod. I'm warm, I'm real, and I'm straightforward. I believe you deserve a therapist who will actually engage with you, celebrate your wins, and gently challenge you when you need it. No sugarcoating, but always with compassion. My approach blends evidence-based techniques with genuine human connection. I specialize in working with women, young adults, adolescents, first responders, healthcare workers, and immigrants navigating life's most difficult moments. Whether you're carrying invisible weight, feeling stuck, or simply ready to finally put yourself first, I want to help you get there. Outside of my clinical work I am a mother, author, speaker, and advocate for mental health awareness. Life has taught me firsthand that healing is possible even when it feels impossibly far away. That lived experience shapes everything about how I show up for my clients. You don't have to keep holding it all alone. I'm here.
Available

$150/session

Authentic
Direct
Solution oriented
Specialties
Anxiety
LGBTQ
Women's Issues
+7
Hello! I am Gladys Duran, a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) and Master of Education (M.Ed.) with 28 years of experience helping individuals navigate life’s challenges, heal, and thrive. As the founder of **Pivotal Beginnings**, I provide 100% remote, secure telehealth therapy tailored to clients across Florida and Virginia. My practice is a safe, compassionate, and deeply affirming space. I specialize in individual therapy across the lifespan, working with teenagers (13–17), adults, and elders. Because I believe everyone deserves to be truly seen and respected, I am a dedicated advocate for the LGBTQ+ community—providing identity-affirming care for transgender, non-binary, and gender-fluid individuals—as well as specialized support for women. As a fully bilingual therapist, I am proud to offer therapy in both English and Spanish, ensuring you can express yourself in the language you feel most comfortable using. Whether you are navigating the pressures of school, balancing a demanding career, exploring your identity, or adjusting to a new chapter in retirement, we will work collaboratively at your pace. My goal is to help you safely process stressors, build resilient coping mechanisms, and move toward lasting healing.
Available

New to Grow

$150/session

Specialties
Grief
Self Esteem
Women's Issues
+10
I’m Lisa Gibbs, a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 10 years of experience helping individuals, couples, families, children, and teens navigate life’s challenges. I specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, relationship and intimacy concerns, family conflict, ADHD, and major life transitions. My approach to therapy is warm, compassionate, collaborative, and holistic. I believe every person has a unique story, and I strive to create a safe, supportive space where you can feel heard, gain insight, discover your strengths, and begin creating meaningful and lasting change.
Available

$250/session

Warm
Authentic
Solution oriented
Specialties
Anxiety
Life Transitions
Women's Issues
+3
I’m a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist who works with women navigating relationship anxiety, attachment wounds, self-abandonment, and recurring relational patterns. Many of the women I work with are highly capable in other areas of life but feel emotionally overwhelmed, disconnected from themselves, or unsure whether what they’re feeling in relationships is anxiety, fear, or intuition. My work helps clients reconnect to themselves with greater clarity, self-trust, emotional safety, and authenticity.
Available

New to Grow

$150/session

Specialties
Addiction
Anxiety
Trauma and PTSD
+8
With over a decade of experience in behavioral health, recovery support, education, and community advocacy, I bring an integrative and trauma-informed approach to therapy that honors the complexity of each person’s story. My clinical work focuses on helping individuals navigate complex trauma, substance use disorders, co-occurring mental health concerns, attachment wounds, emotional dysregulation, and major life transitions with compassion, collaboration, and practical tools for healing. My clinical background includes work in outpatient therapy, homeless services, crisis stabilization, justice-involved recovery programming, and family mental health navigation. I have worked extensively with individuals impacted by chronic trauma, homelessness, incarceration, grief, relationship instability, and systemic barriers to care. Across these settings, I prioritize creating a therapeutic relationship grounded in safety, authenticity, empowerment, and nonjudgment. In addition to traditional psychotherapy, I incorporate integrative mental health perspectives that recognize the connection between mind, body, nervous system functioning, and overall wellness. Through advanced training in integrative mental health, Food as Medicine, nutrition and mental health, CBT, Emotional Freedom Techniques, ACT, Brainspotting, IFS-informed approaches, and trauma treatment, I help clients explore how factors such as sleep, nutrition, stress, nervous system regulation, and lifestyle patterns can influence emotional well-being. I believe healing is most sustainable when we address both psychological and physiological contributors to distress. My therapeutic style is relational, collaborative, and adaptable to the individual needs of each client. I draw from evidence-based modalities, mindfulness-based interventions,, somatic and nervous system-informed approaches, and trauma-focused care. Whether clients are seeking support for trauma recovery, substance use, anxiety, depression, burnout, emotional overwhelm, or personal growth, I strive to create a space where they feel seen, supported, and capable of meaningful change.
Available

$106/session

Warm
Authentic
Solution oriented
Specialties
Anxiety
Couples Counseling
Depression
+10
Welcome to FaithWorks Therapy! I provide virtual therapy for adults, couples, and families across Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Texas, New Jersey, Nevada, Georgia, and Illinois. I help clients navigate anxiety, depression, stress, grief, relationship challenges, family conflict, and life transitions in a compassionate, supportive, and nonjudgmental environment. My approach is tailored to your unique needs and goals, empowering you to build healthier relationships, develop effective coping skills, and create meaningful, lasting change. Faith-based counseling is available upon request for those who wish to incorporate their Christian faith into therapy, but it is always optional and never required.
Available

New to Grow

$100/session

Specialties
Coping Skills
Self Esteem
Spirituality
+10
I believe people are incredibly resilient and capable of healing with the right support. I don't just believe in counseling—I believe in people. In fact, I believe in you, even if you don't believe in yourself yet. As a Licensed Professional Counselor, Army veteran, mother, and writer, I understand that life can be both beautiful and challenging. I bring both professional training and lived experience to the counseling relationship. I have specialized training in DBT, CBT, and Christian counseling, allowing me to tailor therapy to each person's unique needs and values. My Christian faith is central to who I am, and I gladly integrate biblical principles into counseling for clients who request it while providing compassionate, respectful care to individuals from all backgrounds. It is my joy to help others discover hope, healing, and a renewed sense of purpose.
Available

$125/session

Authentic
Warm
Empowering
Specialties
Addiction
Anger Management
Depression
+8
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker and Certified Substance Abuse Counselor with experience supporting individuals facing mental health concerns, substance use, trauma, relationship stress, codependency, and life transitions. I provide a compassionate, trauma-informed, and practical approach to therapy that helps clients feel heard, supported, and empowered. My work is rooted in the belief that healing happens through safety, connection, and honest support. I use approaches such as CBT, Solution-Focused Brief Therapy, Motivational Interviewing, and person-centered care to help clients better understand themselves, build healthier coping skills, strengthen boundaries, and make meaningful changes. I am especially passionate about helping individuals who feel overwhelmed, stuck, or unsure of their next step. Whether you are working toward recovery, emotional stability, healthier relationships, or personal growth, my goal is to walk alongside you with compassion, respect, and hope.
Available

$200/session

Warm
Empowering
Authentic
Specialties
Anxiety
Life Transitions
Parenting
+9
Hello and welcome to my practice! I believe that mind, body, and spirit are all interconnected. Mental health is not a destination, but a process. It's about how you drive, not where you are going. I am here as a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, in practice since 2012, I specialize in treating anxiety, depression, life transitions, women's issues, and parenting. I am proud of you for taking the first step towards therapy. Change can be hard and taking this first step is not always easy. I aim to provide a safe, judgment free space to anyone looking for help and wanting positive change. We will address your thoughts and feelings at a pace that works best for you. My therapy style is supportive, reassuring, accepting, and genuine. In our therapeutic relationship, I will provide tools you need to reach your goals. You will do all the heavy lifting, but I will be here to support and encourage change.
VirtualAvailable

$185/session

Authentic
Intelligent
Solution oriented
Specialties
Anxiety
Couples Counseling
Mood Disorders
+12
I am a licensed professional counselor in Virginia with 12+ years of professional work experience. I hold a BA in psychology, MA in clinical psychology, MA in educational leadership, PhD in counselor education and supervision, and a DBA with a focus in management. When I work with clients, listening to understand instead of hearing to respond is a priority. I believe it is imperative that I develop a sound understanding of my client's subjective worldview to meet them where they are and disrupt maladaptive thoughts and patterns of behavior. My objective is to collaborate with my clients in order to help them identify, address, and resolve matters that reinforce and/or contribute to their presenting concern(s). I have experience in helping clients with relationship issues, trauma and abuse, & motivation, self-esteem, and confidence, anxiety, adjustment issues, college and career readiness, couples, depression, family dynamics, gender identity, identity development, LGBT+, non-traditional relationships, men's issues. In our work together, I work with my clients to create an open and safe environment where thoughts and feelings can be shared without fear of judgment. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!
VirtualAvailable

$125/session

Warm
Authentic
Empowering
Specialties
Anxiety
Life Transitions
Trauma and PTSD
+10
Hi! I'm Alexis and I am glad you are here. I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor in the DMV with over 12 years of experience and I've worked with individuals navigating a wide range of concerns from anxiety and relationship trauma to life transitions and unexpected turns. I’ve earned a Master's in Mental Health Counseling and a Nonprofit Management, and that dual background shapes how I work. I care about outcomes as much as I care about the therapeutic process which means you'll leave sessions with more than just insight. You'll leave with practical methods to apply to your everyday life.
VirtualAvailable

$185/session

Authentic
Warm
Intelligent
Specialties
Anxiety
Coping Skills
Self Esteem
+10
Hi. My name is Edmond Otis, and I'm a licensed therapist with 27 years of professional experience. I focus on helping clients who are experiencing a wide range of challenges including; stress and anxiety, relationship problems, depression, performance and motivation concerns, a lack of self-confidence and self-esteem, career difficulties, and other related issues. I maintain a small, but consistent, practice as I also consult, teach, and speak on how relationships work, stress, resilience, performance, communication, team-building, family, achieving goals, improving critical outcomes, negotiation and conflict resolution. I've developed and taught courses at the university and graduate level in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Health Psychology, Sport Psychology, and Therapeutic Rapport.
VirtualAvailable

$125/session

Authentic
Intelligent
Open-minded
Specialties
Anxiety
Depression
Trauma and PTSD
+8
Hi, I'm Adam and I'm looking forward to meeting and seeing if we are a good therapeutic match. In my career I've worked with a broad spectrum of clients hailing from many different ethnicities, age groups, genders, levels of education, socio-economic status, sexualities and personal histories. I recognize that behavior and mental health occur in a context. Trauma is real. Oppression and injustice are real. Before I was a therapist I spent years in community organizing and social justice advocacy. Therapy that isn't grounded in the social environment in which one lives is incomplete at best. I understand this because I've been there and seen it firsthand. If you're looking for a therapist that gets this in their bones, I'm your person. My favorite thing about providing therapy is asking questions that unlock the insight and inspiration you need to solve your problems, manage your emotions effectively and become the self that you most want to be. When you work with me, you'll have the listening ear of someone with broad experience and perspective. You will find keys to open doors you may not even have been aware of, and you'll emerge with greater self-awareness and confidence. I have extensive experience working with people with serious mental illness, or "SMI" (e.g. schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder etc.) and love witnessing and supporting people with challenges like these being and becoming more than they may have been told they could. That said, one doesn't have to have SMI to benefit tremendously from therapy. My experience working with the SMI community broadens my perspective rather than limiting my practice. I carry a deep compassion for all humanity and welcome the opportunity to work with anyone looking for something better out of life. NOTE: I cannot serve residents of Chesterfield County at this time.
VirtualAvailable
Frequently asked questions

When looking for online therapy, you can see anyone that is credentialed in Virginia. We want you to find the best fit, therefore, Grow Therapy shows available therapists across Virginia from Norfolk to Roanoke! If you’d rather see someone in-person, you can change the filter from virtual and find a therapist near you in Virginia.

When booking you’ll be asked to verify with your Member ID. However, if you don’t have any of the insurances available you can select cash. Our therapists will have their cost of appointment on their profile. Individual session costs will vary.

The specialty filter is optional. You don’t need to check any boxes to see a provider. However, fit is very important when selecting an online therapist. If you have knowledge or experience to recognize what specialties you may need.

Finding a provider with a similar life experience can be beneficial because it can be easier to establish rapport and potentially be understood quicker and clearer.

Your first therapy session is for you and your therapist to meet each other and to ask any questions that you have about the counseling process. This is where you can expect your therapist to do the same as they will ask questions to gain insight into your specific situation. In this first session the therapist is doing their part to gather as much information so they can better assess if they are able to meet your therapeutic needs. Depending upon your provider's specialty, you may also discuss the methods the therapist will use. For additional information on therapy methods, please visit the Grow Therapy Help Center.Some people feel nervous before their first appointment, and that is totally normal! Coming prepared with a list of questions for your therapist may help. Remember, you're taking a brave step by seeking therapy, and it is okay to be nervous as you try something new.