Cognitive processing therapy (CPT)
Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a powerful form of therapy for people who are struggling with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). CPT was specifically created to address the symptoms of PTSD by targeting the unhelpful thoughts that often accompany such experiences. This evidence-based therapeutic approach draws from the foundations of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), offering a structured approach to untangle the knots of trauma-related distress.
What are the origins of cognitive processing therapy (CPT)?
CPT was developed by Doctors Patricia Resick, Candice M. Monson, and Kathleen M. Chard, and has been proven to be a vital instrument in aiding individuals coping with a spectrum of traumas, from combat experiences to sexual assault, sexual abuse, and natural disasters. CPT is recognized by both the the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and the International Society of Traumatic Stress Studies as a best practice for the treatment of PTSD.
When is cognitive processing therapy (CPT) used?
Cognitive processing therapy is generally administered to individuals dealing with the aftermath of traumatic experiences, often in a one-on-one therapeutic setting. While CPT may also be adapted for group therapy formats, its structured nature lends itself well to individual sessions.
This allows for personalized attention to the unique needs of each client. CPT is widely used across diverse groups affected by trauma, including survivors of sexual assault, combat veterans, individuals impacted by natural disasters, and those navigating the enduring effects of various forms of interpersonal violence. (PTSD).
CPT is a versatile and evidence-based intervention, proving effective in addressing a myriad of conditions beyond PTSD. It has been successfully employed in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and other mental health challenges that often coexist with trauma-related distress, showcasing its potential to foster holistic healing and restoration.
How does cognitive processing therapy (CPT) work?
CPT works by addressing the thoughts and beliefs that arise from a traumatic event. When someone suffers a traumatic event, they can develop unhelpful or distorted thoughts about themself, others, and the world. CPT aims to help people examine and reframe these beliefs in a more balanced and realistic way. By doing this, CPT can chip away at the anxiety and distress caused by the trauma.
In essence, CPT works by rewriting the internal narrative shaped by the trauma, leading to a sense of empowerment and liberation from the burdensome effects of the past. By challenging and changing the patterns of thinking related to the trauma, CPT empowers people to reclaim control over their life and build a healthier, more positive outlook.
What is cognitive processing therapy (CPT) like?
When you begin CPT, you and your therapist will discuss your thoughts and feelings around beginning treatment for trauma. When the time is right, your therapist will ask you to recount the traumatic event to develop a comprehensive understanding of the specific stressors and thought patterns associated with the trauma. Your therapist will then guide you through exercises and discussions to help you understand how trauma has affected your thoughts and emotions.
For example, you may be encouraged to write a detailed account of the traumatic event (called an “Impact Statement”), including thoughts, emotions, and sensations experienced. This exercise can help you confront and process the memories in a structured way. Discussions in CPT sessions may focus on exploring how the trauma has influenced various aspects of your life, such as relationships, self-perception, and coping strategies.
By gaining insight into these effects, you can begin to address and mitigate the trauma’s pervasive impact. Your therapist may also provide worksheets or handouts for you to complete between sessions. These worksheets often involve exercises aimed at identifying cognitive distortions, practicing coping skills, and monitoring progress throughout the course of therapy.
Unlike exposure therapy, which gradually exposes you to trauma-related memories and situations to reduce avoidance behaviors and desensitize you to trauma-related stimuli, CPT utilizes structured cognitive techniques to help individuals identify “stuck points” (thoughts that hinder recovery by keeping you stuck in your healing process) and modify maladaptive thoughts and beliefs related to the traumatic event.
During and after your weekly sessions, you will engage in targeted activities and cognitive exercises designed to reframe and reprocess your traumatic memories and the accompanying distressing thoughts. These activities may include writing about the traumatic event, identifying and evaluating unhelpful beliefs, and implementing cognitive restructuring techniques. Therapists often employ homework assignments and worksheets to reinforce the skills learned in therapy and encourage continued progress outside of sessions.
How long does cognitive processing therapy (CPT) take?
The duration of CPT can vary based on your specific needs and progress, but it typically spans 12 therapy sessions, with each session usually lasting 60-90 minutes. The frequency of sessions may also depend on your collaborative assessment with your therapist, often occurring once a week or as determined by the treatment plan.
It’s important to note that some studies have shown that the length of time it takes for CPT to be effective might not be the same for everyone. While the standard treatment length for CPT is 12 weeks, some may require more or less time in order to see an improvement in their symptoms. Factors that influence the length of your treatment could include the severity of your trauma, your stage of readiness to receive therapy, and if you have any other mental health struggles that you’re dealing with at the same time.
Is cognitive processing therapy (CPT) effective?
CPT has demonstrated strong effectiveness as a treatment of PTSD and related symptoms. Several studies have highlighted the efficacy of CPT in reducing PTSD symptoms, improving overall mental health, and enhancing quality of life for individuals who have experienced trauma.
There is also some evidence to suggest that CPT may be less effective for veterans and active-duty military than for civilians. In these cases, the length of treatment may need to be extended to fully realize the benefits of CPT. Other studies have demonstrated that the therapy is very effective for non-military people, including survivors of intimate partner violence. Research has also shown that CPT is less effective with African Americans when compared to other races.
Finding a cognitive processing therapy (CPT) clinician
If you think CPT might be right for you, it’s important to speak with a licensed and experienced clinician who is trained in CPT. Since cognitive processing therapy can bring up intense emotions, you’ll want a therapist who is not only compassionate and patient but also experienced in creating a supportive environment. Don’t hesitate to ask about their background to make sure their clinical practice is the right fit for your specific needs.
There are many types of mental health care providers who practice CPT, including licensed marriage and family therapists (LMFTs), licensed clinical social workers (LCSWs), psychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, licensed professional counselors (LPCs), licensed mental health counselors (LMHCs) and more.
On top of finding someone specializing in CPT, you want to make sure they meet your other needs. For example, if the trauma you’ve experienced is sexual in nature, you may want to find a CPP therapist who also specializes in sexual trauma. In addition, finding a therapist who accepts your insurance can make therapy much more affordable.
You can find a therapist who accepts your insurance and specializes in CPT by using Grow Therapy. After filtering for your location, insurance, and needs, you can then select “Cognitive Processing (CPT)” from the “Treatment methods” drop-down.