My passion is working with children, teenagers, young adults, couples and families to process trauma and difficult experiences so they can experience growth and healing within themselves and their relationships. Through my work with individuals and family's I have learned the deep importance of understanding "what has happened" to people rather than viewing people through the lens of "what is wrong with people". Likewise, the importance of understanding one's family of origin and how this shapes our views of people and the world and impacts how we relate with people and navigate our world. I work from a relational, psychodynamic, family-systems, trauma-informed, and neurobiological perspective. Feel free to reach out for more information!

My name is Lori and I love to listen and help people feel more hopeful about life. My goal is to help you feel heard, understood and empowered to change your life and be happy. Life is too short not find our way to happiness and if no one told you today- you deserve to be happy. Thoreau said “Most men lead lives of quiet desperation”- don’t be resigned to that.

Hi, I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker based in Pennsylvania. I obtained my social work degree from Marywood University. Throughout my 23 year career I have served North Central PA. I help individuals that have experienced trauma, losses, addiction, divorce, relationship struggles, depression, and anxiety. I strive to ensure each of my clients are empowered throughout their treatment process. We approach your reason for seeking therapy at your pace.

I am a therapist with 10 years of experience in the field, with specialties in treatment of trauma, anxiety, and grief. I also practice utilization of evidence-based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Prolonged Exposure, along with experience in use of mindfulness, emotional tolerance and person-centered techniques with my clients. I've worked in community mental health for much of my career, so I have had experience with clients who had struggled with challenges such as housing insecurity, incarceration and addiction and complex grief. I also enjoy working with people who face challenges with self-image and relational trauma through education on boundaries and healthy communication as well as self-advocacy.

Hi there! I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I am also a Board-Certified Art Therapist! I received my Masters from Cedar Crest College and have been practicing for 6 years. I help children, adolescents, and adults experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, and loss explore their emotions and learn new skills to better cope with their experiences. I utilize both talk therapy and creative interventions, when clients are open to it!

I believe in creating a safe environment for individuals to feel comfortable to begin the process of self-discovery, growth, and healing. I believe that therapy is a collaborative endeavor that requires genuine caring without judgment. I assist individuals in clarifying their goals for treatment, rather than adopting one modality for all individuals and presenting problems. I consider myself to be an active therapist combining my experience, education, creativity, and sense of humor with a warm, direct, and down-to-earth approach to counseling. I have a wide range of interests and specializations, including but not limited to, anxiety and panic, depression, relationship turmoil, life transitions, bereavement, and post-traumatic stress disorder. I utilize a range of interventions including cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and motivational interviewing.

Hello, and welcome to my room. My name is Christopher D Patchet Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Pennsylvania. I have been working in mental health for the past 9 years. I started working with homeless veterans and fell in love with helping others achieving their goals. Since then I completed my Degree in Social Work and got my license to work in therapy. My style includes a warm engagement. I provide a completely non-judgmental environment to allow a space to be opened with thoughts, feelings, and communications. You have taken the hardest step of asking for help, and I believe that we can work together to overcome the barriers of your problems, and to achieve your goals.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Masters from Rosemont College and have been working in the mental health field for over 20 years. I utilize an integrative approach, looking at my clients whole life, work, home, physical health, nutrition and mental health. Together with my clients, I help them recognize areas of their lives that are impacting their mood and well-being, to lead productive, happy and calm lives.

Hello! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor located in Pennsylvania. I have a wide array of experiences in the clinical field. My experiences include: 5 years working as a family therapist, 3 years working as a school and community based therapist, and 4 years working strictly as an out-patient therapist. I have experience working with all ages, as well as a wide array of diverse groups.

My first focus as a therapist is to foster a space where you can be yourself. Where you can say or feel anything. I try to do this by listening, affirming, being curious, and collaborating with you to find a better way forward. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with 15 years of experience. Currently, I work with adults experiencing anxiety, depression, grief and loss, life transitions, relationship problems, meaninglessness, and the residual impacts of past traumas. I do my best to acknowledge the many ways in which social, cultural, and economic inequities shape how we understand ourselves and interact with the world.

If you've ever felt like the weird friend, you're my people. I have eclectic interests and tend to think outside of the box. I have crunchy roots combined with extensive academic training and experience to bring a balanced perspective of what many people would consider "alternative therapies." I think the western models of mental healthcare are missing the mark by over diagnosing and pathologizing what is often a range of normal human experience. By focusing on the person in front of me and taking all their life experiences into consideration, we work to heal mental/emotional strain relationally together.

Hi, friends call me Kate. I have been Board Certified for 22 years and bring a variety of work experiences to the table. I currently work 2 days a week at a hospital in Outpatient Behavioral Health. Are you going through a rough patch in your life? Sometimes when life gets tough, it helps to share that burden with someone else. Is it hard for you to balance work life and home life? Let’s work together so that we can create a way to better handle the stress that life presents. If you need tools to better cope with anxiety and depression, we can work on that. I’ve had lots of experience with parent coaching and enjoy helping families live a more positive life.

Hello, I'm Chris. If you've ever felt like you've been alone in society and that you are experiencing a sense of stress related to societal expectations that are unrealistic or built for those who are in a group you feel you don't belong to, I may be a good fit for you. I approach my work with clients in a way that is culturally informed, focusing on feminist principles that are aimed at removing barriers that are in place while acknowledging the very real struggles of those who are not members of the majority group. I have an extensive history of working with individuals of various minority group backgrounds, but specialize and focus in working with people who identify within the LGBTQ+ community, including offering affirming services and helping people navigate coming out, family and peer relationships, and romantic and sexual concerns. I also have experience and training in gender-affirming services and seek to help clients discover and celebrate their true selves. While I specialize in the above, I am here to help anyone who needs it. Coming to therapy is often a scary experience but it is one that can be incredibly rewarding. I strive to provide a warm, comforting, supportive environment for you to be yourself and grow through whatever concerns you are coming in with. I look forward to working with you!

Hi, I am a licensed clinical social worker with 17 years of experience. I received my Masters of Social Work from Kutztown University of Pennsylvania. My career has been focused on supporting adolescents and adults through the challenging times in their lives. I also enjoy doing couples/marital counseling dealing with conflict and betrayal. I have experience working with adolescents with IEP's and understand what supports a child needs for school success

My name is Robin Barnes, an LCSW working as a counselor in Pennsylvania. I use many therapy styles including bringing art into the sessions to explore thoughts and emotions. I'm passionate in empowering you to make lasting positive change for life! I assist clients in processing trauma and exploring self-esteem, self-worth, and identity. We will work together to address depression and anxiety concerns.

My name is Amber Phillips. I am a dedicated therapist with a strong belief in the importance of empowering my clients to make autonomous decisions. I view my role as that of a guide, helping my clients to bridge the gap between their every day thoughts and actions. Ultimately, leading you to healthier, more effective behavior and overall communication with others. With a reserved, curious, and passive demeanor, I do my best to create a safe and non-judgmental space for my clients to explore your thoughts and emotions. I firmly believe in the power of leading clients to your own answers, rather than providing solutions for you. You know your life better than anyone else! I am committed to fostering an environment where you feel empowered to take control of your own life, and make decisions that are best for your overall well-being.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Master's Degree from Chatham University in Pittsburgh and have been providing therapy services for 14 years. I have worked with adolescents, adults, and married couples. I help clients struggling with an array of life and mental health concerns move forward with their mental health and overall functioning.

Are you feeling overwhelmed by life's challenges or even everyday demands? Know that you do not have to struggle alone and are worthy of a life filled with hope and serenity. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with 18 years of experience working in community mental health in the Greater Philadelphia area with adults and older adults (55+) experiencing depression, mood swings, and anxiety. Regardless of what symptoms you are experiencing, the key to a more fulfilling life is finding hope for the future. Together we can find this hope! We can accomplish this as I create a safe, judgement-free space for you to explore your current challenges, feelings, and existing strengths. By helping you recognize choices and solutions that you may not have considered before, you will be empowered to approach life's challenges in new ways. Your new approach will result in positive outcomes in your life.

Hello. I'm James and I appreciate that you are considering me to be your therapist. The decision to begin therapy for the first time or with a new treatment professional requires strength, courage and commitment. Whether you're dealing with anxiety, depression, ADHD, relationship issues, financial pressures, addiction or any other obstacle that prevents you from living the life that you want, finding the right therapist for you is an important part of getting yourself back to where you would like to be. I have experienced a variety of obstacles in my own life and personally understand how the therapeutic process can help change your life. This is my second career. While working in manufacturing at a pharmaceutical company, and being a full-time single-parent, I completed my education over a number of years and began working part-time in the field several years prior to my retirement from the pharmaceutical industry in 2012. I have worked with groups, individuals, and couples in a variety of settings. To me, this career is a calling for which my collective life experiences have prepared me. My Masters degrees are in Psychological Counseling, Addictions Counseling and Industrial/Organizational Psychology. I very much appreciate the uniqueness of each individual and have worked with people from a number of different cultures, religions and lifestyle orientations. In my own life, I strive for continual personal growth and to nurture my mind body and spirit. Should you decide to work with me, I will help you to appreciate your strengths and to build on the courage and commitment that brought you to seek changes in your life. My goal is always to help you to find ways to be happy in your life and to do it in ways that work for you. If you're willing to do the work, your life WILL get better.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, LCSW, residing in Pittsburgh, PA. I received my master's degree in social work from the University of Pittsburgh. Over the years, I have enjoyed working in various professional settings; some of which include Inpatient Psychiatric Hospital, Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic, School-Based Mental Health, Private Practice and Community Mental Health. I am looking forward to building a practice with Grow and providing my clients with a safe environment in order to work together.

Hi! I'm a Licensed Professional Counsellor (LPC) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Masters from Clarion University and I have been practicing for five years. I have worked with clients of all ages from three to seventy-four. Trained in play therapy I enjoy working with children using this technique. I served twelve years in the air Force before starting this journey.

Life can be hard at times and trying to figure out how to deal with difficult situations can become overwhelming. During difficult times I believe everyone can benefit from one-on-one support. You have already taken the first step in overcoming these difficult situations by looking for someone to talk to, so congratulations! I would like to take time to listen to you and help you to explore what is really creating a struggle for you. During our sessions, I will provide you with a welcoming, safe, and respectful environment where we can process and increase control of your feelings, thoughts and behaviors. I look forward to meeting and working with you so you can reclaim living your life to the fullest.

As a clinical social worker with over 30 years of experience, I can serve as a guide and coach whether you are facing chronic painful feelings, a major life transition, a life altering trauma, or the desire to understand yourself better. Working with me, you will learn new perspectives and skills to build a firm foundation for mental health and wellbeing.

Hi! My name is Ron Lamb. I work with people of all ages to help them discover and be their best selves. I specialize in working with people dealing with anxiety, depression, family, health, school and work issues. I have experience in working with clients struggling with addiction and in recovery. I will collaborate with you to understand and find effective ways to cope with the life challenges that all of us have. I strive to see the strengths and inner potential that I believe all of my clients have. I look forward to meeting with you to begin this journey!

I am a licensed mental health professional with several years of clinical experience as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC). I have dedicated my life to serving others in their path of living the life they deserve. My studies include a Bachelor of Science in Psychology at Saint Joseph’s University and a Master degree in Counseling at University of Pennsylvania. Specializing in mood disorders such as anxiety, depression, and stress to name a few.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor. I provide virtual therapy for individuals and couples for trauma, anxiety, and life transitions and have been providing counseling for the past 9 years. I am an EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing) therapist and have been trained for the past 4 years.

Hi! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor based in Pittsburgh, PA. I am licensed in Pennsylvania, Colorado, and Washington State. I received my Master's in Community Counseling from Regis University in Denver, CO in 2012, and I have been working as a therapist in different capacities since that time. My areas of focus have been LGBTQIA+ clients, older adults, working in crisis assessment, intake assessment, and individual and partners therapy.

Hello, I am a licensed professional counselor in Pennsylvania. I have been a therapist for twenty years and in the Human Services Field for 30 plus years. I like to work with trauma clients, and feel I can help people get through their traumatic issues. I am a Doctor of Psychology and have worked more than 10 years in Drug and Alcohol, with families and children and Mental Health. I also have a Masters in Counseling and two undergraduate degrees in Social Work and Special Education.

I am a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 32 years experience working with individuals from diverse backgrounds. i have extensive training in the areas in which I practice and always follow the guidelines for ethical outcome/evidence based care. I love my work and I approach it with a great deal of energy and enthusiasm. I offer a warm, safe, non judgmental environment where clients can do serious work on achieving their goals.

Hi, there, I'm Taffie - Thank you so much for talking with me! Sometimes it's hard to ask for help - and therapy is a great start! Therapy is not at all scary - often it is a conversation that opens up new thoughts and emotions. Are you looking for a safe welcoming place where you can just be? Be heard, be valued, be accepted exactly where you are? I invite you into my space to experience these thoughts and emotions. As a therapist, I incorporate different approaches which address a variety of mental health issues. I empower you to move forward in life in a way that is dynamic and nurturing. I have an unwavering belief that you can experience change based on your needs and goals. We can walk through challenge and fear together to help you create a fulfilling life. My specialties are relationships with family and other significant folks - such a crucial part of our lives. I also can address trauma and PTSD, anxiety, depression and the fluctuations of our mood and emotions. I am always open to discussions of gender identity and sexual identity. I would like to listen as you articulate the issues you are dealing with at this time and help you find the direction you're looking for. It can be freeing to have someone listen, ask questions and make observations - because this time is about you. One of my favorite quotes is: "I am a lighthouse, rather than a lifeboat. I do not rescue, but instead help others to find their way to shore". If you are searching for the way to the shore, I can help.

I have been in the mental health profession for 10+ years. I have many years experience working with adults, children and adolescents with mental health issues. I continue educating myself on various interventions and techniques. I strive to create a safe and nurturing atmosphere in which individuals can express themselves. I believe that compassion, empathy and patience are needed with all. I have a genuine concern for my patients. I have experience with Individual, group, couples and family therapy.

With over 25 years of experience in community mental health and higher education, I bring a wealth of knowledge and expertise to my practice. I hold a PhD in Counselor Education and a Master's in Counseling, equipping me to provide exceptional support to those in need. I welcome adults seeking additional support, encouragement, and mental health counseling. My services include both individual and group counseling, tailored to meet the unique needs of each client. My extensive training and experience enable me to assist individuals facing a broad spectrum of mental health concerns, from minor struggles to more serious issues. I am dedicated to providing compassionate and effective care to help my clients achieve their mental health and well-being goals.

Are you struggling with life stressors, feeling overwhelmed, depressed, or anxious? Are you tired of feeling stuck in constant worrying, self-criticism, or relationship difficulties? Do you strive to heal your relationship with food and your body? If you want to work on your well-being, live more fully, and need to develop coping mechanisms and stress management techniques to resolve the issues that hinder you from living the life you envision, I can provide the support you need to accomplish these goals. As your therapist, I will assist in providing insight into your life experiences and its impact on you today and I would love to talk to you about how I can help. I work with young adults and adults who struggle with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, body image concerns, perfectionism, identity development, trauma, postpartum depression and anxiety, stress management, relationship problems, attachment difficulties, and childhood abuse.

I am Grace! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker since October 2023, but I have been in outpatient counseling for the past 3.5 years. I enjoy working with clients of all ages, bit I have the most experience with teens and adolescents. I enjoy working with younger adults, as well. I use a variety of therapy methods during sessions. It depends on the client and their needs what therapy types would work.

Hi! I'm a Licenced Professional Counsellor (LPC) and Holistic Sex Therapist (HST) based in Pennsylvania. I received my Master from Kutztown University and have been practicing for over 10 years. I help couples and individuals work through mental health and sexual issues. I use a variety of techniques to ensure you are able to meet the goals that we set up so you can feel successful

Hello! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor from Pennsylvania. I received my Masters in 2021 in Clinical & Mental Health Counseling with an additional focus in College Counseling. I am also a Geek Therapist. I help individuals who are struggling with overwhelm from the demands of life, especially individuals who are facing additional adversity such as being apart of the neurodivergent and/or LGBTQ+ community or struggle with chronic illness.

I'm a therapist who uses many different approaches to help clients increase their satisfaction with their personal lives, jobs, and relationships. Using a person-centered approach, the client and therapist work together to better understand and solve the client's problems. I work with the client to obtain positive change in their life. I use many different treatment approaches to help the client reach their goals.

Life is hard. Sometimes it feels like problems come one after another. It is overwhelming. You don't have to get through it alone. Therapy is a great place to talk about life's problems where you can say anything and not be judged. No matter what you’re facing, talking with someone can help. My goal is to create a supportive, judgment-free space where you feel like you’re grabbing coffee with a friend…a friend who happens to be a licensed counselor with more than 11 years of experience. In my time working as a counselor, I have helped patients manage and overcome obstacles like anxiety, depression, and major life transitions. From challenges with the overwhelming pressure of academic life, work life, career choices, relationship challenges, and more, I will be there to offer an objective perspective on your situation and provide healthy tips and resources to navigate it. My approach empowers personal growth while always ensuring you feel safe, seen, and heard. Depending on your needs, I utilize CBT, DBT, and Reality Therapy approaches in sessions. Currently, all sessions will be conducted virtually, allowing you to participate from the comfort of your own home and on a more flexible schedule. Let's do this together.

Emotions, relationships, communication, loss, addiction, trauma, change. Life is a cycle of joy & pain, and at times, it may feel like the pain is winning. I believe you are powerful beyond measure, that you have all the answers and solutions you seek but the pain and circumstances of life often block your access to them. You may not fully believe how powerful you are now, but, if you allow me, I can help you find this truth. You are not broken. You don't need to be fixed. We all need some help now and then and helping others is the core of what I do. I've been empowering individuals since 1999. Using an extensive set of skills, combined with compassion, understanding, and a non-judgmental and collaborative approach, we will focus on restoration rather than pathology. Together we will restore and celebrate the courageous, and resilient you! I specialize in the healing of trauma, PTSD, anxiety, mood stabilization and addiction recovery. I hold an advanced degree in psychology, I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional. Clients have described my counseling style as transparent, authentic, and real. I am extremely competent, but I curse some, and I'll compassionately encourage your growth. You are important to me, and you will know this by how I give you my undivided attention during sessions.

Hi there! I am a Licensed Professional Counselor, as well as a Nationally Certified Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. I received my Masters in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Immaculata University. I have been practicing for about 3.5 years now, but have worked in the mental health field for 7 years. I will support you in developing skills and different ways of thinking that you can use to navigate through daily life challenges and experiences you may encounter.

Hi, my name is Stacey Strehle, a Licensed Professional Counselor providing online therapy across the state of Pennsylvania. I have been working in the mental health field since 2002 and have experience working with children, adults and families in a variety of settings. In my practice I believe everyone is unique and therapy should be personalized to meet you where you are and utilize your strengths and experiences so that we can work towards your goals. My goal as a therapist is to create a safe, non-judgmental environment where you can feel comfortable sharing your story. While integrating evidence-based techniques into my sessions, I also focus on you as a whole person addressing the mind and the body so that you can achieve your goals, increase your confidence and feel empowered in your daily life. I am accepting and compassionate to all and can provide faith-based counseling at your request.

I take a holistic perspective with my clients to address the health of body, mind, and spirit. I believe that a solid therapeutic relationship between client and therapist is a crucial part of the healing process, and that techniques and therapy approaches must “fit” the client in order to be effective—there is no “one size fits all” therapy. My goal, as a counselor and therapist, is to deeply understand my client, and when this happens we are able to identify areas of life that need to be changed, and ways of going about doing that. Therapy is a collaborative process between a trained therapist and a client who wants to change.

Hello! I'm a Licensed Professional Counselor and have enjoyed being a practicing clinician for over 20 years. I've worked in both in-patient and out-patients settings. I've worked with persons struggling with chronic recurring symptoms, in need of medication management, as well as those who've found life transitions challenging and are in need of guidance. I've enjoyed working with teens, young adults, families in crisis, couples and individuals.

Hello, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and have been practicing in Pennsylvania for 4 years. I provide a calming and relaxed approach to therapy centered around validation and acceptance of your experience that can allow for a better understanding of what you can and cannot control in your life. From this perspective, we can better understand how to approach any difficulties that occur in your life.

Hi, I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania. I obtained my Master's degree from La Salle University in 2013. I enjoy working with women/moms, young adults and those going through life transitions, as well as helping individuals struggling with anxiety and/or depression. I will work with ages 16 and up. I offer telehealth and in person visits (office is located in Springfield, PA)

Hello, my name is Elizabeth DeLullo and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in Pennsylvania. One of the best things about coming to therapy is the amount of courage it took for you to get here. There is nothing I dislike more than to see human suffering. I have gone through my own and was determined to not let it ruin my life. Therapy is a collaboration between client and therapist and together we will focus on your strengths and help you understand your worthiness was never in question. Other times you may require more skills and techniques to learn in order to overcome your concerns and issues. My primary focus is anxiety, depression, self esteem, phobias, fears, women's issues, OCD symptoms, agoraphobia, and finding meaning to life and answer questions like, why am I here? I also volunteered at a Hospice and did my internship there and have knowledge in grief and bereavement therapies. I have also worked with incarcerated individuals going in and out of the prison system. I received my Bachelor of Arts in Psychology at Ashford University and my Masters in Science In Clinical Counseling from Bellevue University. I have over 11 years experience working with people from age 4 to 89. I am blessed as these people taught me so much and I love the work I do. I am of the belief that the way we think directly affects the way we feel. I also use a person centered approach, meaning I follow my client's lead and the direction they wish to take. The great thing is, is that there are so many different sets of skills and interventions to utilize, we will work together to find the ones that work best for you. It all depends on each individual's specific needs and wants.

Many clients come to work with me at a time in their lives when they feel stuck, lost, or unsure due to trauma, intense loss, or a major life transition. During these times, the people in our lives may not always know or understand how to help. This can be such a painful place to be but just know that you don't have to go thru this alone. My expertise is in working with survivors of childhood abuse and domestic violence. Helping people comes naturally to me. I've also been confronted with difficult challenges and struggles in life where I understand how overwhelming it could feel to take that first step in seeking help. If this work has taught me anything it's taught me this: Change takes time and is a process, but there is more hope, possibility, and power when we work together to bring about change. My approach is simple-I will meet you where you are and together we can start your journey towards positive change and personal growth. If you think we will be a good fit please reach out to schedule a consultation-I am looking forward to working with you and helping you on your journey towards personal growth.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family therapist based in Philadelphia. I am originally from California where I worked primarily worked in Group Homes and behavioral hospitals. I recieved my masters from Capella University. My background also includes outpatient, community based outpatient programs, like Family Base, and social work. I take a collaborative approach with my clients to allow them room to develop a sense of safety and security and gradually include holistic and intensive interventions to work through and understand presenting problems.

I am a doctoral level clinical psychologist licensed in PA and NJ. I received my degree in Clinical and Developmental Psychology from the University of Illinois - Chicago. I completed a pre-doctoral and postdoctoral fellowship at the Cornell Medical Center. I have over 30 years of experience treating adolescents, adults and older adults in individual and couples therapy. We all have patterns in our behaviors and relationships that lead to predictable outcomes. My approach focuses on identifying those patterns, learning why they exist and understanding their impact on our lives - both good and bad. I help people use that insight to gain more control of their lives and make healthy changes. I try to create a warm, supportive and safe environment that promotes curiosity and courage in my clients. It is important for me to understand what my client feels would be a better life for them and what is most important for them to achieve and improve in their life.

I work with adult clients 18 and up, and I have a special interest in promoting healthy relationships with both individuals and couples, as research shows that having close and loving relationships is the most significant contributing factor to happiness over the life span. I have experience and proficiency in treating mood disorders, career issues, self-esteem problems, ruptured attachments, grief, etc.