Preconceived notions abound around sex therapy, yet sexual health is simply another aspect of overall health and well-being. Television series and movies often depict sex therapists or those seeking sex therapy with an air of humor. But in reality, a 2024 meta-analysis found that sexual dysfunction affects approximately 41% of women and 31% of men globally and may avoid sex to rid themselves of their feelings of shame or humiliation.
Sexual dysfunction is only one aspect of intimacy concerns that sex therapists treat. Learning more about sex therapists and their treatment methods will give you a better idea of how this type of therapist can improve your well-being.
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Who goes to a sex therapist?
Humans are sexual beings, and your sexual health and well-being influence and affect other parts of your life. At the same time, life experiences, trauma, or disorders that affect your sexuality and sexual health can contribute to psychological concerns. Consequently, anyone who is dissatisfied sexually may benefit from working with a sex therapist.
Sex therapists work with a range of people, including those who are married, single, and in committed relationships. A licensed sex therapist doesn’t apply a one-size-fits-all treatment to each person. Instead, they assess each client individually and adjust treatment based on the person’s goals, needs, and circumstances. Assessments allow the therapist to identify potential causes of the client’s issues, which could result from a blend of physical, psychological, or emotional factors.
Some people seek a sex therapist because they want to work with their partner to overcome sexual challenges. Others may seek a sex therapist because they have sexual issues that prevent them from entering into romantic relationships. The reasons vary widely and could also include:
Sexual dysfunction
Dissatisfaction within a sexual relationship or a history of dissatisfaction with sexual relationships
Sexual trauma and related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Distressing sexual thoughts
Some people may not even realize they have sexual dysfunction or the extent to which their sexual dysfunction affects their health. Sexual dysfunction alone includes many issues, such as:
Lack of interest
Premature ejaculation
Low confidence
Erectile dysfunction
Excessive libido
Inability to control sexual behavior
Low sex drive
Sex addiction
Sex therapy is a safe place for couples to address underlying issues that hold one or both back from a happy, fulfilling sexual relationship. Individuals, too, can work with a sex therapist to address the problems that prevent them from entering and maintaining healthy sexual relationships. In short, if your sexual health affects your quality of life, you could probably benefit from working with a sex therapist.
Did you know?
A 2024 meta-analysis found that sexual dysfunction affects approximately 41% of women and 31% of men globally — yet most people never seek help, often due to shame or the assumption that nothing can be done. Sex therapy has strong evidence for improving sexual satisfaction, reducing distress, and addressing the psychological factors that contribute to sexual difficulties.
What is a sex therapist?
It’s essential to understand and remember that sex therapy is a form of psychotherapy that relies specifically on talk therapy. A sex therapist has a master’s degree in psychology or a mental health-related field. They may be qualified as any of the following:
However, to use the title sex therapist, they must have additional training in human sexuality and/or sexual education as well as a considerable amount of clinical hours. One of the premier certifications comes from the American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists (AASECT), which offers certification for sexual health practitioners in:
Sexuality education
Sexuality counseling
Sex therapy
Supervisor
Other types of therapists, such as couples or family therapists, may also offer sexual counseling services. In this case, the therapist often has additional training but not a certification in sex therapy education or human sexuality.
What to expect in a sex therapy session
“The therapist is going to explore and assess where you’re at and where you’re getting hung up because there’s a lot of elements to sexual health.”
Tami Zak, LMFT
Therapists often start with questionnaires and assessments to help them better understand why a person seeks help. Some assessments may help them quantify the person’s current state so they can measure progress. From there, the therapist develops a treatment plan with you. Treatment plans are personalized, so sessions may look different for different people depending on individual needs.
After the assessment, the initial sessions may cover what exactly sexual health is and why you have a right to it. The World Health Organization includes physical, emotional, mental, and social well-being as they relate to sexuality as part of your sexual health. That definition also specifies that sexual health goes beyond being free of sexual disease, dysfunction, or infirmity. It requires positive sexuality, respect for self and others, and safe, pleasurable sexual experiences.
Additionally, sexual health is a complex subject because it’s affected by many parts of your well-being. Zak says, “There’s the physical, like ‘When was the last time you went to the doctor?’ and medications that you might be taking.” Some medications have sexual side effects, such as reduced libido or erectile dysfunction.
“Then there’s the logistics of sex,” says Zak. “Can you talk about what you want? What feels good to you? Many people feel uncomfortable talking about sex. Discomfort can come from many places, such as a conservative upbringing where sex wasn’t talked about or a history of sexual abuse or trauma, which adds complicated layers to sexuality.”
Zak continues, “They [the sex therapist] may ask questions like ‘What are your beliefs?’ ‘What were you taught about sex?’ ‘How was sex discussed or not discussed growing up?’” Sexual health is layered under your sexual history and beliefs.
“Then there’s the emotional piece, which is a big category,” says Zak. “If there’s something emotionally happening that’s getting you hung up around sex, it doesn’t really matter if the physical and sexual pieces are in place. They don’t matter because emotions are behind our sexual behavior.”
The therapist will ask questions to help identify where your issues are. Is it a physical issue that may require visiting your primary care provider in addition to therapy? Or is there an underlying emotional problem that’s interfering with sexual satisfaction? Working through each of those layers may take time, but sex therapists know the types of questions to ask to peel back and address the mosaic of experiences, thoughts, and beliefs that affect sexual health.
Zak also says that sex education is a common component of sex therapy. As children and teens, many people get incorrect sexual information from friends, social media, and television shows. Sex therapists offer their clients accurate, factual information to help people understand how their own bodies and their partners’ bodies sexually function.
Sessions may include working through common relationship issues with your partner. You both may also see the therapist separately to work through individual concerns. Ultimately, sex therapists seek to improve your sexual health, and they use their knowledge and understanding to adapt sessions to meet your needs, whatever they are.
Does insurance cover sex therapy, and is it the same as seeing a regular therapist?
Does insurance cover sex therapy, and is it the same as seeing a regular therapist?
Sex therapy is provided by licensed mental health professionals — psychologists, LCSWs, LMFTs, LPCs, and psychiatrists — which means sessions are typically billed through insurance the same way as any other licensed therapy.
The additional AASECT certification a sex therapist holds is a clinical credential, not a billing one, so insurance coverage is determined by the provider’s license type and whether they are in-network with your plan — not by whether they are certified as a sex therapist specifically. That said, coverage varies by insurer and plan. The best way to confirm is to call the member services number on your insurance card and ask about mental health benefits and whether the specific provider you’re considering is in-network.
On Grow Therapy, you can filter by insurance and specialty to find therapists who specialize in sexual health and are covered by your plan.
Tips for finding the right sex therapist
Before you schedule your first appointment, know what you’re looking for. Firstly, you need a therapist you can trust and with whom you feel you can form a strong therapeutic alliance. A therapeutic alliance is a feeling of trust, stability, and professionalism between therapist and client, and a positive alliance has long been associated with better therapeutic outcomes. To find that person, you’ll need to ask questions.
Zak suggests starting with certifications. Zak says someone with AASECT certifications has the “gold standard” of sex therapy certifications. As a couples therapist, Zak isn’t a sex therapist herself but has taken additional courses with a trained sex therapist to work with couples on their sexual health when needed. But if you’re specifically seeking help with sexual issues, a certified sex therapist typically has the most profound, well-rounded knowledge.
Some questions that are important to ask include:
Have they worked with couples?
Do they have training in emotionally-focused couples therapy or the Gottman Method?
Is the therapist supportive of your religious affiliations, if you have them?
You want to get a feel for the therapist’s approach, beliefs, and style to see if it fits your and your partner’s personalities. The goal is to find someone who makes you feel heard and understood. Zak also emphasizes that if you’re going to sex therapy with your partner, the therapist shouldn’t be prejudiced against either person. She also suggests that if you’re a member of the LGBTQ+ community, have gender issues, or are into kink or polyamory, ask about the therapist’s beliefs and experience in these areas.
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Additional resources
Information from reputable sources can help you dispel fears or hesitations about seeking help with your sexual health. Here are a few places to start:
Treatment for sexual problems; American Psychological Association
The Gottman Method; The Gottman Institute: A Research-Based Approach to Relationships
Sexual Health; World Health Organization
Final thoughts
Sexual health is health — and the concerns that bring people to sex therapy are as legitimate as any other reason to seek mental health support. Whether you’re navigating a specific dysfunction, working through the effects of trauma, trying to reconnect with a partner, or simply wanting to understand your own sexuality better, a qualified sex therapist can help you work through what’s getting in the way.
Finding the right person matters. You want someone who is certified, experienced with your specific concerns, and with whom you feel genuinely safe being honest. On Grow Therapy, you can filter for therapists who specialize in sexual health, check who takes your insurance, read their profiles, and book directly. Most clients are in their first session within two days.
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Frequently asked questions
What’s the difference between sex therapy and sex counseling?
What’s the difference between sex therapy and sex counseling?
Sex therapy is provided by a licensed mental health professional with specialized training and typically AASECT certification in human sexuality. Sessions focus specifically on sexual health concerns and are grounded in clinical assessment and treatment planning. Sex counseling is a broader term — some therapists offer sexual counseling as part of treating related conditions like anxiety, depression, or relationship issues, often with additional training but without formal sex therapy certification. If your concerns are primarily sexual in nature, a certified sex therapist typically has the deepest expertise.
Do you have to see a sex therapist with your partner?
Do you have to see a sex therapist with your partner?
No — you can see a sex therapist on your own regardless of your relationship status. If you’re in a relationship, the therapist may suggest having your partner join some sessions, particularly when working through relational dynamics. But individual sessions are common and effective, and your therapist will work with whatever you bring, whether that’s a solo concern or a shared one.
Do my partner and I need sex therapy?
Do my partner and I need sex therapy?
If sexual health concerns are affecting your quality of life or your relationship — whether that’s a specific dysfunction, a mismatch in desire, communication difficulties around sex, or the effects of trauma — sex therapy is worth considering. You don’t need to be in crisis to benefit. Many couples seek sex therapy proactively to strengthen intimacy or work through changes that come with life transitions like parenthood, aging, or stress.
Is sex therapy the same as physical treatment for sexual dysfunction?
Is sex therapy the same as physical treatment for sexual dysfunction?
No — sex therapy is entirely talk-based. Sessions involve conversation, assessment, and sometimes exercises or education to work through the psychological, emotional, and relational aspects of sexual health. A sex therapist may refer you to a physician or gynecologist if they believe a physical evaluation is warranted. The two types of care often complement each other, but sex therapy itself involves no physical contact or examination of any kind.
About Isbell Oliva-Garcia
Isbell Oliva-Garcia is a licensed mental health counselor, bilingual in English and Spanish. Isbell specializes in women's issues during difficult times of transition and also works with front-line individuals struggling with PTSD or stressors created by the job.
